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Salido-Fortuna S, Marina ML, Castro-Puyana M. A chiral electrokinetic chromatography method for the separation and quantitation of licarbazepine and licarbazepine acetate in pharmaceutical formulations and urine samples. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Palakeeti B, Reddy KV, Gobi KV, Rao PN, Chinta JP. Simple and efficient method for the quantification of antiepileptic drugs in human plasma by using magnetic graphene oxide-β-cyclodextrin composite as a sorbent. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In recent days, solid-phase extraction methods are widely utilized for the extraction of drug molecules from plasma samples due to their easy operating procedures and low matrix effect. The trace-level solid-phase extraction of three structurally related antiepileptic drugs brivaracetam (BVC), eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL), and carbamazepine (CBZ) was investigated by using a magnetic porous material graphene oxide-β-cyclodextrin (MGO-CD). Morphology, magnetic properties, and structure of the synthesized MGO-CD were characterized by using FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and VSM.
Results
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods were used to extract the analytes from human plasma. Different extraction solvents such as acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), acetone, chloroform (CHCl3), tertiary butyl diethyl ether (TBDE), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) with variable polarities were used to extract drug molecules from MGO-CD. The linearity analysis showed good correlation coefficient values (R2) of 0.9989, 0.9995, and 0.9982 for BVC, ESL, and CBZ respectively. The LOD and LOQ ranges were found to be 6.14–28.32 ng mL−1 and 20.45–94.31 ng mL−1 respectively.
Conclusion
The high accuracy and precision made the developed HPLC method with MGO-CD a suitable alternative for the bioequivalence study of BVC, ESL, and CBZ in human plasma. This developed HPLC-UV method has good efficiency for recoveries and good linearity and is simple to handle. And also, it gave low retention time for the three antiepileptic drugs within 8 min. It provides high efficiency for the extraction of trace-level substances from human plasma.
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Iram F, Alam P, Siddiqui NA, Alqasoumi SI, Siddiqui AA, Khan SA, Husain A. Development of a stress induced validated UPLC-PDA method for the analysis of Eslicarbazepine acetate. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:286-291. [PMID: 30166930 PMCID: PMC6111187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Iram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nasir A. Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh I. Alqasoumi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anees A. Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Oman Medical College, Muscat, Oman
| | - Asif Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Given the distinctive characteristics of both epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can make a significant contribution to the field of epilepsy. The measurement and interpretation of serum drug concentrations can be of benefit in the treatment of uncontrollable seizures and in cases of clinical toxicity; it can aid in the individualization of therapy and in adjusting for variable or nonlinear pharmacokinetics; and can be useful in special populations such as pregnancy. This review examines the potential for TDM of newer AEDs such as eslicarbazepine acetate, felbamate, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, perampanel, pregabalin, rufinamide, retigabine, stiripentol, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, and zonisamide. We describe the relationships between serum drug concentration, clinical effect, and adverse drug reactions for each AED as well as the different analytical methods used for serum drug quantification. We discuss retrospective studies and prospective data on the serum drug concentration-efficacy of these drugs and present the pharmacokinetic parameters, oral bioavailability, reference concentration range, and active metabolites of newer AEDs. Limited data are available for recent AEDs, and we discuss the connection between drug concentrations in terms of clinical efficacy and nonresponse. Although we do not propose routine TDM, serum drug measurement can play a beneficial role in patient management and treatment individualization. Standardized studies designed to assess, in particular, concentration-efficacy-toxicity relationships for recent AEDs are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, University Street, P.O.Box No.4184, Ajman, UAE.
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Ferreira A, Rodrigues M, Falcão A, Alves G. HPLC–DAD Method for the Quantification of Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine and their Active Metabolites in HepaRG Cell Culture Samples. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Krasowski MD, McMillin GA. Advances in anti-epileptic drug testing. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 436:224-36. [PMID: 24925169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past twenty-one years, 17 new antiepileptic drugs have been approved for use in the United States and/or Europe. These drugs are clobazam, ezogabine (retigabine), eslicarbazepine acetate, felbamate, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, pregabalin, rufinamide, stiripentol, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin and zonisamide. Therapeutic drug monitoring is often used in the clinical dosing of the newer anti-epileptic drugs. The drugs with the best justifications for drug monitoring are lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, stiripentol, and zonisamide. Perampanel, stiripentol and tiagabine are strongly bound to serum proteins and are candidates for monitoring of the free drug fractions. Alternative specimens for therapeutic drug monitoring are saliva and dried blood spots. Therapeutic drug monitoring of the new antiepileptic drugs is discussed here for managing patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Krasowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Gwendolyn A McMillin
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Beig A, Dahan A. Quantification of carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide metabolite in rat plasma by UPLC-UV and application to pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:934-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avital Beig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
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Thomas S, Paul SK, Joshi SC, Kumar V, Agarwal A, Vir D. Identification, synthesis and characterization of an unknown process related impurity in eslicarbazepine acetate active pharmaceutical ingredient by LC/ESI-IT/MS, 1H, 13C and 1H- 1H COSY NMR. J Pharm Anal 2013; 4:339-344. [PMID: 29403898 PMCID: PMC5761219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new impurity was detected during high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of eslicarbazepine acetate active pharmaceutical ingredient. The structure of unknown impurity was postulated based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization and ion trap analyzer (LC/ESI–IT/MS) analysis. Proposed structure of impurity was unambiguously confirmed by synthesis followed by characterization using 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), 1H–1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Based on the spectroscopic and spectrometric data, unknown impurity was characterized as 5-carbamoyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-10-yl propionate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saji Thomas
- Analytical Research Department, Jubilant Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Centre, C-26, Sector-59, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Paul
- Analytical Research Department, Jubilant Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Centre, C-26, Sector-59, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Joshi
- Analytical Research Department, Jubilant Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Centre, C-26, Sector-59, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Analytical Research Department, Jubilant Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Centre, C-26, Sector-59, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Chemical Research Department, Jubilant Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Centre, C-26, Sector-59, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Dharam Vir
- Chemical Research Department, Jubilant Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Centre, C-26, Sector-59, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
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Highly efficient, selective, sensitive and stability indicating RP-HPLC–UV method for the quantitative determination of potential impurities and characterization of four novel impurities in eslicarbazepine acetate active pharmaceutical ingredient by LC/ESI-IT/MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 61:165-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fortuna A, Bicker J, Alves G, Falcão A, Soares-da-Silva P. A chiral HPLC-UV method for the quantification of dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide derivatives in mouse plasma and brain tissue: Eslicarbazepine acetate, carbamazepine and main metabolites. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1391-401. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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