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Corbeau J, Grohs C, Jourdain J, Boussaha M, Besnard F, Barbat A, Plassard V, Rivière J, Hamelin C, Mortier J, Boichard D, Guatteo R, Capitan A. A recurrent de novo missense mutation in COL1A1 causes osteogenesis imperfecta type II and preterm delivery in Normande cattle. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:39. [PMID: 38773368 PMCID: PMC11107018 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nine male and eight female calves born to a Normande artificial insemination bull named "Ly" were referred to the French National Observatory of Bovine Abnormalities for multiple fractures, shortened gestation, and stillbirth or perinatal mortality. RESULTS Using Illumina BovineSNP50 array genotypes from affected calves and 84 half-sib controls, the associated locus was mapped to a 6.5-Mb interval on chromosome 19, assuming autosomal inheritance with germline mosaicism. Subsequent comparison of the whole-genome sequences of one case and 5116 control genomes, followed by genotyping in the affected pedigree, identified a de novo missense substitution within the NC1 domain of the COL1A1 gene (Chr19 g.36,473,965G > A; p.D1412N) as unique candidate variant. Interestingly, the affected residue was completely conserved among 243 vertebrate orthologs, and the same substitution in humans has been reported to cause type II osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a connective tissue disorder that is characterized primarily by bone deformity and fragility. Moreover, three COL1A1 mutations have been described to cause the same syndrome in cattle. Necropsy, computed tomography, radiology, and histology confirmed the diagnosis of type II OI, further supporting the causality of this variant. In addition, a detailed analysis of gestation length and perinatal mortality in 1387 offspring of Ly and more than 160,000 progeny of 63 control bulls allowed us to statistically confirm in a large pedigree the association between type II OI and preterm delivery, which is probably due to premature rupture of fetal membranes and has been reported in several isolated cases of type II OI in humans and cattle. Finally, analysis of perinatal mortality rates and segregation distortion supported a low level of germ cell mosaicism in Ly, with an estimate of 4.5% to 7.7% of mutant sperm and thus 63 to 107 affected calves born. These numbers contrast with the 17 cases reported and raise concerns about the underreporting of congenital defects to heredo-surveillance platforms, even for textbook genetic syndromes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we describe a large animal model for a recurrent substitution in COL1A1 that is responsible for type II OI in humans. More generally, this study highlights the utility of such datasets and large half-sib families available in livestock species to characterize sporadic genetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Corbeau
- BioEpAR, INRAE, Oniris, CS, 40706, Nantes, France.
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Cécile Grohs
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | - Mekki Boussaha
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Anne Barbat
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Julie Rivière
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, MICALIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Jeremy Mortier
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Didier Boichard
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Aurélien Capitan
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- ELIANCE, 75012, Paris, France.
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De Mazancourt P, Mazoyer E, Hormi M, Hanss M. Absence of Missense Variant Detection in Inherited Dysfibrinogenemia May Result from a Poor Raw Data Analysis Algorithm or Mosaicism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16551. [PMID: 38068874 PMCID: PMC10706790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Variant identification underlying inherited dysfibrinogenemia quite exceptionally fails. We report on two dysfibrinogenemia cases whose underlying DNA variant could not be identified by Sanger analysis. These failures result from two distinct mechanisms. The first case involved raw signal overcorrection by a built-in software, and the second constituted the first description of mosaicism for one of the fibrinogen genes. This mosaicism was subsequently identified by next-generation sequencing reanalysis of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Mazancourt
- UMR1179, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, 1 Rue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital A. Paré, GHU APHP Paris-Saclay, 9 Avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Département d’Hématologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, GHU AP-HP Centre—Université Paris Cité, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Mazoyer
- Service d’Hématologie Biologique, GHU APHP Paris-Seine-St-Denis, Site Avicenne, 125 Rue de Stalingrad, 93000 Bobigny, France; (E.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Myriam Hormi
- Service d’Hématologie Biologique, GHU APHP Paris-Seine-St-Denis, Site Avicenne, 125 Rue de Stalingrad, 93000 Bobigny, France; (E.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Michel Hanss
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, CHU de Lyon HCL—GH Est, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron, France;
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Panzaru MC, Florea A, Caba L, Gorduza EV. Classification of osteogenesis imperfecta: Importance for prophylaxis and genetic counseling. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:2604-2620. [PMID: 37214584 PMCID: PMC10198117 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i12.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetically heterogeneous monogenic disease characterized by decreased bone mass, bone fragility, and recurrent fractures. The phenotypic spectrum varies considerably ranging from prenatal fractures with lethal outcomes to mild forms with few fractures and normal stature. The basic mechanism is a collagen-related defect, not only in synthesis but also in folding, processing, bone mineralization, or osteoblast function. In recent years, great progress has been made in identifying new genes and molecular mechanisms underlying OI. In this context, the classification of OI has been revised several times and different types are used. The Sillence classification, based on clinical and radiological characteristics, is currently used as a grading of clinical severity. Based on the metabolic pathway, the functional classification allows identifying regulatory elements and targeting specific therapeutic approaches. Genetic classification has the advantage of identifying the inheritance pattern, an essential element for genetic counseling and prophylaxis. Although genotype-phenotype correlations may sometimes be challenging, genetic diagnosis allows a personalized management strategy, accurate family planning, and pregnancy management decisions including options for mode of delivery, or early antenatal OI treatment. Future research on molecular pathways and pathogenic variants involved could lead to the development of genotype-based therapeutic approaches. This narrative review summarizes our current understanding of genes, molecular mechanisms involved in OI, classifications, and their utility in prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica-Cristina Panzaru
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Andreea Florea
- Department of Medical Genetics - Medical Genetics resident, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Lavinia Caba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
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Langley E, Farach LS, Mowrey K. Case Report: Novel pathogenic variant in NFIX in two sisters with Malan syndrome due to germline mosaicism. Front Genet 2022; 13:1044660. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1044660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by pathogenic variants in NFIX with less than 100 cases reported thus far. NFIX is important for stem cell proliferation, quiescence, and differentiation during development and its protein plays a role in replication, signal transduction, and transcription. As a result of pathogenic variants, symptoms of Malan syndrome include overgrowth, intellectual disability, speech delay, and dysmorphic features. Currently, the recurrence risk for this disorder is indicated at less than 1%, standard for de novo autosomal dominant disorders. Herein, we report an additional set of sisters with the same novel pathogenic variant in NFIX and clinical features consistent with Malan syndrome providing evidence of germline mosaicism. Considering the rarity of this condition in conjunction with three previous reports of germline mosaicism, it is worthwhile to investigate and re-evaluate the proper recurrence risk for this condition. This discovery would be paramount for family planning and genetic counseling practices in families with affected individuals.
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5
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Bai H, Li X, Liu X, Shi W, He B, Wei R, Shi J. Preimplantation genetic testing for recurrent autosomal dominant osteogenesis imperfecta associated with paternal gonosomal mosaicism. Front Genet 2022; 13:1011833. [PMID: 36276971 PMCID: PMC9579439 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1011833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research Question: How to prevent the transfer of a mutation causing osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) to offspring in a couple with recurrent adverse pregnancy outcomes, when the male partner is a gonosomal mosaic carrier. Design: High-throughput sequencing and first-generation DNA sequencing were performed using the tissues from an aborted fetus and its parents. Regions 2 Mb upstream and downstream of the COL1A1 gene were subjected to multiplex PCR to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and family haplotypes associated with the disease-causing mutation. Single-cell whole-genome amplification and sequencing were performed on trophoblasts cultured in vitro for 5–6 days to construct embryonic SNP haplotypes, and first-generation sequencing was used for pathogenic locus verification and aneuploidy screening. Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) was also performed. Results: The aborted fetus was heterozygous for the COL1A1 mutation c.1454G>A (chr17-48272089, p.Gly485Asp) suspected to cause OI. The variant was also detected in the peripheral blood cells and sperm of the male partner, who appeared to be a gonosomal mosaic carrier of the mutation. Three morphologically usable blastocysts were obtained in vitro and successfully expanded after a trophectoderm biopsy. Two blastocysts were unusable owing to aneuploidy; however, one was euploid and did not carry the paternal mutation. Post-transfer gestation was confirmed by systematic B-scan ultrasound, and amniocentesis findings were consistent with the PGT-M results. Conclusion: Parental gonadal mosaicism was the cause of recurrent terminated pregnancies due to fetal skeletal dysplasia. Using PGT-M to select embryos without the paternal pathogenic mutation prevented the vertical transmission of OI in this family, and a successful pregnancy was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Bai
- The ART Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- The ART Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Xitong Liu
- The ART Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenhao Shi
- The ART Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Bin He
- Genetic Medical Center, Xi’an, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Juanzi Shi
- The ART Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Juanzi Shi,
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6
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Zemet R, Van den Veyver IB, Stankiewicz P. Parental mosaicism for apparent de novo genetic variants: Scope, detection, and counseling challenges. Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:811-821. [PMID: 35394072 PMCID: PMC9995893 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The disease burden of de novo mutations (DNMs) has been evidenced only recently when the common application of next-generation sequencing technologies enabled their reliable and affordable detection through family-based clinical exome or genome sequencing. Implementation of exome sequencing into prenatal diagnostics revealed that up to 63% of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants associated with fetal structural anomalies are apparently de novo, primarily for autosomal dominant disorders. Apparent DNMs have been considered to primarily occur as germline or zygotic events, with consequently negligible recurrence risks. However, there is now evidence that a considerable proportion of them are in fact inherited from a parent mosaic for the variant. Here, we review the burden of DNMs in prenatal diagnostics and the influence of parental mosaicism on the interpretation of apparent DNMs and discuss the challenges with detecting and quantifying parental mosaicism and its effect on recurrence risk. We also describe new bioinformatic and technological tools developed to assess mosaicism and discuss how they improve the accuracy of reproductive risk counseling when parental mosaicism is detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Zemet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ignatia B Van den Veyver
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Chandler NJ, Scotchman E, Mellis R, Ramachandran V, Roberts R, Chitty LS. Lessons learnt from prenatal exome sequencing. Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:831-844. [PMID: 35506549 PMCID: PMC9325487 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Prenatal exome sequencing (ES) for monogenic disorders in fetuses with structural anomalies increases diagnostic yield. In England there is a national trio ES service delivered from two laboratories. To minimise incidental findings and reduce the number of variants investigated, analysis uses a panel of 1205 genes where pathogenic variants may cause abnormalities presenting prenatally. Here we review our laboratory's early experience developing and delivering ES to identify challenges in interpretation and reporting and inform service development. Methods A retrospective laboratory records review from 01.04.2020 to 31.05.2021. Results Twenty‐four of 116 completed cases were identified as challenging including 13 resulting in difficulties in analysis and reporting, nine where trio inheritance filtering would have missed the diagnosis, and two with no prenatal diagnosis; one due to inadequate pipeline sensitivity, the other because the gene was not on the panel. Two cases with copy number variants identified were not detectable by microarray. Conclusions Variant interpretation requires close communication between referring clinicians, with occasional additional examination of the fetus or parents and communication of evolving phenotypes. Inheritance filtering misses ∼5% of diagnoses. Panel analysis reduces but does not exclude incidental findings. Regular review of published literature is required to identify new reports that may aid classification.
What's already known about this topic?
Prenatal exome sequencing (ES) for monogenic disorders in fetuses with structural anomalies is known to increase diagnostic yield Diagnostic prenatal ES services are being embedded into clinical practice internationally
What does this study add?
This study identifies challenges encountered running a diagnostic prenatal ES service including those in variant interpretation and reporting, incidental findings and ethical issues It demonstrates that solely relying on trio inheritance filtering will miss ∼5% of diagnoses Close communication between scientists and referring clinicians is essential to identify evolving phenotypes Regular review of published literature is required to identify new reports that may alter variant classification
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Chandler
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Scotchman
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rhiannon Mellis
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Vijaya Ramachandran
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rowenna Roberts
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lyn S Chitty
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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8
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Zhuang J, Chen C, Chen Y, Luo Q, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Zeng S, Xie Y, Chen D. Identification of a Rare Variant of c.1777G>A (p.G593S) in the COL1A1 Gene as the Etiology of Recurrent Osteogenesis Imperfecta by Whole-Exome Sequencing. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:816090. [PMID: 35463886 PMCID: PMC9028459 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.816090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare heterogeneous disorder typically featured by fragile bones and susceptibility to fracture. The aim of the present study was to explore the genetic etiology of familial recurrent OI and the genotype-phenotype correlation. METHODS Karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were performed to determine the genetic etiology of OI in the enrolled family. Western blotting analysis was carried out using the fetal skin tissue for type I collagen production analysis. RESULTS At the first pregnancy, a c.1777G>A mutation in the COL1A1 gene was detected in the fetus who exhibited skeletal dysplasia. In this second pregnancy, severe fetal skeletal dysplasia was also presented without significant chromosomal abnormality detected by karyotype and chromosomal microarray analysis in the fetus. Further WES results demonstrated a de novo missense mutation of c.1777G>A (p.G593S) in the fetus, which was classified as a pathogenic variant according to the ACMG guidelines. The recurrent mutation in the two fetuses hinted at the possible existence of gonadal mosaicism in the parents, while no mutation in the COL1A1 gene was identified in the DNA from the father's sperm. In addition, Western blot results demonstrated no reduced type I procollagen production in the affected fetus compared with the age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that identified a rare variant of c.1777G>A in the COL1A1 gene that led to recurrent OI in the Chinese population. Additionally, we believe that this rare variant of c.1777G>A in the COL1A1 gene will lead to OI type II. The results of the present study further verify the application value of WES in identifying fetuses with ultrasound anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chunnuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yu'e Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Public Health for Women and Children, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuanbai Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zeng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Xie
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
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Mei Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Comparing Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of De Novo and Inherited COL1A1/COL1A2 Variants in a Large Chinese Cohort of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:935905. [PMID: 35909573 PMCID: PMC9329653 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.935905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nearly 85%-90% of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) cases are caused by autosome dominant mutations of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, of which de novo mutations cover a large proportion, whereas their characteristics remain to be elucidated. This study aims to compare the differences in clinical and genetic characteristics of de novo and inherited COL1A1/COL1A2 mutations of OI, assess the average paternal and maternal age at conception in de novo mutations, and research the rate of nonpenetrance in inherited mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective comparison between de novo and inherited mutations was performed among 135 OI probands with COL1A1/COL1A2 mutations. Mutational analyses of all probands and their family members were completed by Sanger sequencing. A new clinical scoring system was developed to assess the clinical severity of OI quantitatively. RESULTS A total of 51 probands (37.78%) with de novo mutations and 84 probands (62.22%) with inherited mutations were grouped by the results of the parental gene verification. The proportion of clinical type III (P<0.001) and clinical scores (P<0.001) were significantly higher in de novo mutations. Missense mutations covered a slightly higher proportion of de novo COL1A1 mutations (46.34%) compared with inherited COL1A1 mutations (33.33%), however, lacking a significant difference (P=0.1923). The mean BMD Z/T-score at the lumbar spine in de novo mutations was -2.3 ± 1.5, lower than inherited mutations (-1.7 ± 1.8), but lacking statistical significance (P=0.0742). There was no significant difference between the two groups in OI-related phenotypes (like fracture frequency, blue sclera, and hearing loss) and biochemical indexes. In de novo mutations, the average paternal and maternal age at conception was 29.2 (P<0.05) and 26.8 (P<0.0001), respectively, which were significantly younger than the average gestational age of the population. Additionally, 98.04% of pedigrees (50/51) with de novo mutations were spontaneous conception. The rate of nonpenetrance of parents with pathogenic variants in the inherited mutation group was 25.64% (20/78). CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed that the proportion of clinical type III and clinical scores were significantly higher in de novo mutations than in inherited mutations, demonstrating that de novo mutations are more damaging because they have not undergone purifying selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Zhang
- *Correspondence: Zhenlin Zhang, ; Hao Zhang,
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10
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Yang H, Zhu G, Zhou W, Luo M, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Shu C, Zhou Z. A systematic study of mosaicism in heritable thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Genomics 2021; 114:196-201. [PMID: 34921932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mosaicisms are often overlooked in routine molecular diagnosis. Although not common, they are of great significance for accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling. In this study, we systematically evaluated the frequency of mosaicisms in both asymptomatic parents and affected patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from 1085 patients was reanalyzed with a more lenient allele frequency to detect potential mosaic variants. In addition, parental mosaicisms were investigated in 80 TAAD families. Finally, a total of six mosaic variants were detected in our cohort. Three of them were identified in symptomatic patients and three were in asymptomatic parents. Notably, a low-level mosaic variant in TGFB2 was detected combined with a causative FBN1 variant in patient AD2001, which might partially explain the clinical heterogeneity in his family. Our study hinted that it is necessary and feasible to implement mosaicism analysis in routine molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Guoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Weizhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Mingyao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yinhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
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Zhytnik L, Peters M, Tilk K, Simm K, Tõnisson N, Reimand T, Maasalu K, Acharya G, Krjutškov K, Salumets A. From late fatherhood to prenatal screening of monogenic disorders: evidence and ethical concerns. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:1056-1085. [PMID: 34329448 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the help of ART, an advanced parental age is not considered to be a serious obstacle for reproduction anymore. However, significant health risks for future offspring hide behind the success of reproductive medicine for the treatment of reduced fertility associated with late parenthood. Although an advanced maternal age is a well-known risk factor for poor reproductive outcomes, understanding the impact of an advanced paternal age on offspring is yet to be elucidated. De novo monogenic disorders (MDs) are highly associated with late fatherhood. MDs are one of the major sources of paediatric morbidity and mortality, causing significant socioeconomic and psychological burdens to society. Although individually rare, the combined prevalence of these disorders is as high as that of chromosomal aneuploidies, indicating the increasing need for prenatal screening. With the help of advanced reproductive technologies, families with late paternity have the option of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for multiple MDs (MD-NIPT), which has a sensitivity and specificity of almost 100%. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The main aims of the current review were to examine the effect of late paternity on the origin and nature of MDs, to highlight the role of NIPT for the detection of a variety of paternal age-associated MDs, to describe clinical experiences and to reflect on the ethical concerns surrounding the topic of late paternity and MD-NIPT. SEARCH METHODS An extensive search of peer-reviewed publications (1980-2021) in English from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was based on key words in different combinations: late paternity, paternal age, spermatogenesis, selfish spermatogonial selection, paternal age effect, de novo mutations (DNMs), MDs, NIPT, ethics of late fatherhood, prenatal testing and paternal rights. OUTCOMES An advanced paternal age provokes the accumulation of DNMs, which arise in continuously dividing germline cells. A subset of DNMs, owing to their effect on the rat sarcoma virus protein-mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway, becomes beneficial for spermatogonia, causing selfish spermatogonial selection and outgrowth, and in some rare cases may lead to spermatocytic seminoma later in life. In the offspring, these selfish DNMs cause paternal age effect (PAE) disorders with a severe and even life-threatening phenotype. The increasing tendency for late paternity and the subsequent high risk of PAE disorders indicate an increased need for a safe and reliable detection procedure, such as MD-NIPT. The MD-NIPT approach has the capacity to provide safe screening for pregnancies at risk of PAE disorders and MDs, which constitute up to 20% of all pregnancies. The primary risks include pregnancies with a paternal age over 40 years, a previous history of an affected pregnancy/child, and/or congenital anomalies detected by routine ultrasonography. The implementation of NIPT-based screening would support the early diagnosis and management needed in cases of affected pregnancy. However, the benefits of MD-NIPT need to be balanced with the ethical challenges associated with the introduction of such an approach into routine clinical practice, namely concerns regarding reproductive autonomy, informed consent, potential disability discrimination, paternal rights and PAE-associated issues, equity and justice in accessing services, and counselling. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Considering the increasing parental age and risks of MDs, combined NIPT for chromosomal aneuploidies and microdeletion syndromes as well as tests for MDs might become a part of routine pregnancy management in the near future. Moreover, the ethical challenges associated with the introduction of MD-NIPT into routine clinical practice need to be carefully evaluated. Furthermore, more focus and attention should be directed towards the ethics of late paternity, paternal rights and paternal genetic guilt associated with pregnancies affected with PAE MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiia Zhytnik
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Peters
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadi Tilk
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Simm
- Institute of Philosophy and Semiotics, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Ethics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Neeme Tõnisson
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, West Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tiia Reimand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katre Maasalu
- Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaarel Krjutškov
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Zhang L, Pan L, Teng Y, Liang D, Li Z, Wu L. Molecular diagnosis for 55 fetuses with skeletal dysplasias by whole-exome sequencing: A retrospective cohort study. Clin Genet 2021; 100:219-226. [PMID: 33942288 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias (SDs) are common birth defects, but they are difficult to diagnose accurately according to only the limited phenotypic information available from ultrasound during the pregnancy. To evaluate the application of whole-exome sequencing (WES) and expand the data in the prenatal molecular diagnosis of fetuses with SDs, we collected 55 fetuses with SDs based on ultrasonographic features. WES of the fetuses or parent-fetus trio were subjected to sequential tests and produced a diagnostic yield of 64% (35/55). 65% (11/17) of families with a history of adverse pregnancies were diagnosed, 16 genes were involved and 37 different pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified, including 14 novel variants, which were first reported in this study. De novo variants were identified in 21 cases (60%, 21/35) among the fetuses with a genetic diagnosis. The pathogenicity of two novel splice-site variants was confirmed by constructing minigene in vitro. Our results revealed that WES can provide new evidence for the relationship between the genotype and phenotype of fetuses with SDs, as well as broaden the mutation spectrum of detected genes, which is significant for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijuan Pan
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanling Teng
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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13
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Gnoli M, Brizola E, Tremosini M, Pedrini E, Maioli M, Mosca M, Bassotti A, Castronovo P, Giunta C, Sangiorgi L. COL1-Related Disorders: Case Report and Review of Overlapping Syndromes. Front Genet 2021; 12:640558. [PMID: 34025714 PMCID: PMC8138308 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.640558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen type I mutations are related to wide phenotypic expressions frequently causing an overlap of clinical manifestations, in particular between Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Both disorders present inter- and intra-familial clinical variability and several clinical signs are present in both diseases. Recently, after the observation that some individuals first ascertained by a suspicion of EDS resulted then carriers of pathogenic variants of genes known to primarily cause OI, some authors proposed the term "COL1-related overlap disorder" to describe these cases. In this paper, we report clinical, molecular, and biochemical information about an individual with a diagnosis of EDS with severe joint hypermobility who carries a pathogenic heterozygous variant in COL1A2 gene, and a benign variant in COL1A1 gene. The pathogenic variant, commonly ascribed to OI, as well as the benign variant, has been inherited from the individual's mother, who presented only mild signs of OI and the diagnosis of OI was confirmed only after molecular testing. In addition, we reviewed the literature of similar cases of overlapping syndromes caused by COL1 gene mutations. The reported case and the literature review suggest that the COL1-related overlap disorders (OI, EDS and overlapping syndromes) represent a continuum of clinical phenotypes related to collagen type I mutations. The spectrum of COL1-related clinical manifestations, the pathophysiology and the underlying molecular mechanisms support the adoption of the updated proposed term "COL1-related overlap disorder" to describe the overlapping syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gnoli
- Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Evelise Brizola
- Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Morena Tremosini
- Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Pedrini
- Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mosca
- Orthopedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bassotti
- Regional Center of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Castronovo
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Giunta
- Connective Tissue Unit, Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Department of Rare Skeletal Disorders, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Abstract
Mosaicism refers to the occurrence of two or more genomes in an individual derived from a single zygote. Germline mosaicism is a mutation that is limited to the gonads and can be transmitted to offspring. Somatic mosaicism is a postzygotic mutation that occurs in the soma, and it may occur at any developmental stage or in adult tissues. Mosaic variation may be classified in six ways: (a) germline or somatic origin, (b) class of DNA mutation (ranging in scale from single base pairs to multiple chromosomes), (c) developmental context, (d) body location(s), (e) functional consequence (including deleterious, neutral, or advantageous), and (f) additional sources of mosaicism, including mitochondrial heteroplasmy, exogenous DNA sources such as vectors, and epigenetic changes such as imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation. Technological advances, including single-cell and other next-generation sequencing, have facilitated improved sensitivity and specificity to detect mosaicism in a variety of biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Thorpe
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; , .,Program in Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA;
| | - Ikeoluwa A Osei-Owusu
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; , .,Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;
| | | | - Rossella Tupler
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Jonathan Pevsner
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; , .,Program in Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA; .,Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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15
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Bascunana C, El Helou J, Rauch FT, Bardai G, Glorieux FH, Riviere JB, Byers P, Kaplan PB, Rosenblatt DS. Perspectives on the evolution of genetic counselling: Experience over three decades in a family with recurrent lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:114-115. [PMID: 32690443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Bascunana
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - J El Helou
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - F T Rauch
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Clinical Biomedical Laboratory, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - G Bardai
- Clinical Biomedical Laboratory, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - F H Glorieux
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Clinical Biomedical Laboratory, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - J-B Riviere
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - P Byers
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - P B Kaplan
- Genetics and Metabolism, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - D S Rosenblatt
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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16
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Martínez-Glez V, Tenorio J, Nevado J, Gordo G, Rodríguez-Laguna L, Feito M, de Lucas R, Pérez-Jurado LA, Ruiz Pérez VL, Torrelo A, Spinner NB, Happle R, Biesecker LG, Lapunzina P. A six-attribute classification of genetic mosaicism. Genet Med 2020; 22:1743-1757. [PMID: 32661356 PMCID: PMC8581815 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosaicism denotes an individual who has at least two populations of cells with distinct genotypes that are derived from a single fertilized egg. Genetic variation among the cell lines can involve whole chromosomes, structural or copy number variants, small or single nucleotide variants, or epigenetic variants. The mutational events that underlie mosaic variants occur during mitotic cell divisions after fertilization and zygote formation. The initiating mutational event can occur in any types of cell at any time in development, leading to enormous variation in the distribution and phenotypic effect of mosaicism. A number of classification proposals have been put forward to classify genetic mosaicism into categories based on the location, pattern, and mechanisms of the disease. We here propose a new classification of genetic mosaicism that considers the affected tissue, the pattern and distribution of the mosaicism, the pathogenicity of the variant, the direction of the change (benign to pathogenic vs. pathogenic to benign), and the postzygotic mutational mechanism. The accurate and comprehensive categorization and subtyping of mosaicisms is important and has potential clinical utility to define the natural history of these disorders, tailor follow-up frequency and interventions, estimate recurrence risks, and guide therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Martínez-Glez
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jair Tenorio
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julián Nevado
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gema Gordo
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Rodríguez-Laguna
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Feito
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl de Lucas
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia Medical and Health Research Institute (SAHMRI) and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Víctor L Ruiz Pérez
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Torrelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy B Spinner
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicines at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rudolf Happle
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium.
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17
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Zhytnik L, Simm K, Salumets A, Peters M, Märtson A, Maasalu K. Reproductive options for families at risk of Osteogenesis Imperfecta: a review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:128. [PMID: 32460820 PMCID: PMC7251694 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder involving bone fragility. OI patients typically suffer from numerous fractures, skeletal deformities, shortness of stature and hearing loss. The disorder is characterised by genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Pathogenic variants in more than 20 different genes can lead to OI, and phenotypes can range from mild to lethal forms. As a genetic disorder which undoubtedly affects quality of life, OI significantly alters the reproductive confidence of families at risk. The current review describes a selection of the latest reproductive approaches which may be suitable for prospective parents faced with a risk of OI. The aim of the review is to alleviate suffering in relation to family planning around OI, by enabling prospective parents to make informed and independent decisions. Main body The current review provides a comprehensive overview of possible reproductive options for people with OI and for unaffected carriers of OI pathogenic genetic variants. The review considers reproductive options across all phases of family planning, including pre-pregnancy, fertilisation, pregnancy, and post-pregnancy. Special attention is given to the more modern techniques of assisted reproduction, such as preconception carrier screening, preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases and non-invasive prenatal testing. The review outlines the methodologies of the different reproductive approaches available to OI families and highlights their advantages and disadvantages. These are presented as a decision tree, which takes into account the autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive nature of the OI variants, and the OI-related risks of people without OI. The complex process of decision-making around OI reproductive options is also discussed from an ethical perspective. Conclusion The rapid development of molecular techniques has led to the availability of a wide variety of reproductive options for prospective parents faced with a risk of OI. However, such options may raise ethical concerns in terms of methodologies, choice management and good clinical practice in reproductive care, which are yet to be fully addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiia Zhytnik
- Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kadri Simm
- Institute of Philosophy and Semiotics, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Ethics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,COMBIVET ERA Chair, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Peters
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aare Märtson
- Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katre Maasalu
- Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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18
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Abstract
Bone and mineral diseases encompass a variety of conditions that involve altered skeletal homeostasis and are frequently associated with changes in circulating calcium, phosphate, or vitamin D metabolites. These disorders often have a genetic etiology and comprise monogenic disorders caused by a single-gene mutation, which may be germline or somatic, or an oligogenic or polygenic condition involving multiple genetic variants. Single-gene mutations causing Mendelian diseases are usually highly penetrant, whereas the gene variants contributing to oligogenic or polygenic disorders are each associated with smaller effects with additional contributions from environmental factors. The detection of monogenic disorders is clinically important and facilitates timely assessment and management of the patient and their affected relatives. The diagnosis of monogenic metabolic bone disorders requires detailed clinical assessment of the wide variety of symptoms and signs associated with these diseases. Thus, clinicians should undertake a systematic approach commencing with careful history taking and physical examination, followed by appropriate laboratory and skeletal imaging investigations. Finally, clinicians should be familiar with the range of molecular genetic tests available to ensure their appropriate use and interpretation. These considerations are reviewed in this chapter.
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19
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Co-occurrence of heterozygous mutations in COL1A1 and SERPINF1 in a high-risk pregnancy complicated by osteogenesis imperfecta. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Hannan FM, Newey PJ, Whyte MP, Thakker RV. Genetic approaches to metabolic bone diseases. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1147-1160. [PMID: 30357886 PMCID: PMC6533455 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic bone diseases comprise a diverse group of disorders characterized by alterations in skeletal homeostasis, and are often associated with abnormal circulating concentrations of calcium, phosphate or vitamin D metabolites. These diseases commonly have a genetic basis and represent either a monogenic disorder due to a germline or somatic single gene mutation, or an oligogenic or polygenic disorder that involves variants in more than one gene. Germline single gene mutations causing Mendelian diseases typically have a high penetrance, whereas the genetic variations causing oligogenic or polygenic disorders are each associated with smaller effects with additional contributions from environmental factors. Recognition of familial monogenic disorders is of clinical importance to facilitate timely investigations and management of the patient and any affected relatives. The diagnosis of monogenic metabolic bone disease requires careful clinical evaluation of the large diversity of symptoms and signs associated with these disorders. Thus, the clinician must pursue a systematic approach beginning with a detailed history and physical examination, followed by appropriate laboratory and skeletal imaging evaluations. Finally, the clinician must understand the increasing number and complexity of molecular genetic tests available to ensure their appropriate use and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadil M. Hannan
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine,University of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Paul J. Newey
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical SchoolUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Michael P. Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular ResearchShriners Hospital for ChildrenSt. LouisMO63110USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineWashington University School of Medicine at Barnes‐Jewish HospitalSt. LouisMO63110USA
| | - Rajesh V. Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine,University of OxfordOxfordUK
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21
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Barnes AM, Ashok A, Makareeva EN, Brusel M, Cabral WA, Weis M, Moali C, Bettler E, Eyre DR, Cassella JP, Leikin S, Hulmes DJS, Kessler E, Marini JC. COL1A1 C-propeptide mutations cause ER mislocalization of procollagen and impair C-terminal procollagen processing. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2210-2223. [PMID: 31055083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the type I procollagen C-propeptide occur in ~6.5% of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) patients. They are of special interest because this region of procollagen is involved in α chain selection and folding, but is processed prior to fibril assembly and is absent in mature collagen fibrils in tissue. We investigated the consequences of seven COL1A1 C-propeptide mutations for collagen biochemistry in comparison to three probands with classical glycine substitutions in the collagen helix near the C-propeptide and a normal control. Procollagens with C-propeptide defects showed the expected delayed chain incorporation, slow folding and overmodification. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that procollagen with C-propeptide defects was mislocalized to the ER lumen, in contrast to the ER membrane localization of normal procollagen and procollagen with helical substitutions. Notably, pericellular processing of procollagen with C-propeptide mutations was defective, with accumulation of pC-collagen and/or reduced production of mature collagen. In vitro cleavage assays with BMP-1 ± PCPE-1 confirmed impaired C-propeptide processing of procollagens containing mutant proα1(I) chains. Overmodified collagens were incorporated into the matrix in culture. Dermal fibrils showed alterations in average diameter and diameter variability and bone fibrils were disorganized. Altered ER-localization and reduced pericellular processing of defective C-propeptides are expected to contribute to abnormal osteoblast differentiation and matrix function, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen M Barnes
- Section of Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Aarthi Ashok
- Section of Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elena N Makareeva
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Marina Brusel
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Wayne A Cabral
- Section of Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Molecular Genetics Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Orthopaedic Research Labs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Catherine Moali
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit, UMR5305, CNRS/University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Bettler
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit, UMR5305, CNRS/University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David R Eyre
- Orthopaedic Research Labs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - John P Cassella
- Department of Forensic and Crime Science, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Sergey Leikin
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - David J S Hulmes
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit, UMR5305, CNRS/University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Efrat Kessler
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Joan C Marini
- Section of Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
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22
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Lampart S, Azzarello-Burri S, Henzen C, Fischli S. Special form of osteoporosis in a 53-year-old man. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 11:11/1/e226672. [PMID: 30567240 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Male osteoporosis often remains unrecognised. Osteoporotic fractures occur approximately 10 years later in men than in women due to higher peak bone mass. However, 30% of all hip fractures occur in men. Risk factors of osteoporotic fractures can be grouped into primary and secondary causes. We present the case of a 53-year-old man, who suffered a compression fracture of a lumbar vertebra after a generalised seizure and an atraumatic rib fracture 5 months later. We could exclude secondary causes of bone mineral loss such as primary hyperparathyroidism, glucocorticoid use and hypogonadism. However, a heterozygous missense mutation of the COL1A1 gene in exon 48 in further search of a secondary cause was found. Therapy was changed from bisphosphonate treatment to teriparatide. Considering the lack of other osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) symptoms and signs, the patient's illness can be classified as mild. OI should be considered as differential diagnosis in unexplained cases with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lampart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Henzen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Fischli
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
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23
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Jónsson H, Sulem P, Arnadottir GA, Pálsson G, Eggertsson HP, Kristmundsdottir S, Zink F, Kehr B, Hjorleifsson KE, Jensson BÖ, Jonsdottir I, Marelsson SE, Gudjonsson SA, Gylfason A, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Stacey SN, Magnusson OT, Thorsteinsdottir U, Masson G, Kong A, Halldorsson BV, Helgason A, Gudbjartsson DF, Stefansson K. Multiple transmissions of de novo mutations in families. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1674-1680. [DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Essawi O, Symoens S, Fannana M, Darwish M, Farraj M, Willaert A, Essawi T, Callewaert B, De Paepe A, Malfait F, Coucke PJ. Genetic analysis of osteogenesis imperfecta in the Palestinian population: molecular screening of 49 affected families. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 6:15-26. [PMID: 29150909 PMCID: PMC5823677 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous hereditary connective tissue disorder clinically hallmarked by increased susceptibility to bone fractures. METHODS We analyzed a cohort of 77 diagnosed OI patients from 49 unrelated Palestinian families. Next-generation sequencing technology was used to screen a panel of known OI genes. RESULTS In 41 probands, we identified 28 different disease-causing variants of 9 different known OI genes. Eleven of the variants are novel. Ten of the 28 variants are located in COL1A1, five in COL1A2, three in BMP1, three in FKBP10, two in TMEM38B, two in P3H1, and one each in CRTAP, SERPINF1, and SERPINH1. The absence of disease-causing variants in the remaining eight probands suggests further genetic heterogeneity in OI. In general, most OI patients (90%) harbor mainly variants in type I collagen resulting in an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. However, in our cohort almost 61% (25/41) were affected with autosomal recessive OI. Moreover, we document a 21-kb genomic deletion in the TMEM38B gene identified in 29% (12/41) of the tested probands, making it the most frequent OI-causing variant in the Palestinian population. CONCLUSION This is the first genetic screening of an OI cohort from the Palestinian population. Our data are important for genetic counseling of OI patients and families in highly consanguineous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Essawi
- Department Master Program in Clinical Laboratory Science, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine.,Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maha Fannana
- Dr. Al Rantisi Specialized Children Hospital, Gaza, Palestine
| | | | - Mohammad Farraj
- Department Master Program in Clinical Laboratory Science, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tamer Essawi
- Department Master Program in Clinical Laboratory Science, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Tongkobpetch S, Limpaphayom N, Sangsin A, Porntaveetus T, Suphapeetiporn K, Shotelersuk V. A novel de novo COL1A1 mutation in a Thai boy with osteogenesis imperfecta born to consanguineous parents. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:763-767. [PMID: 28956891 PMCID: PMC5738616 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is genetically heterogeneous. Mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2 are responsible for at least 90% of the cases, which are transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner or are de novo events. We identified a Thai boy with OI whose parents were first cousins. Because the proband was the product of a consanguineous marriage, we hypothesized that he might be homozygous for a mutation in a known gene causing a recessive form of OI. Using whole exome sequencing (WES), we did not find any pathogenic mutations in any known gene responsible for an autosomal recessive form of OI. Instead, we identified a COL1A1 frameshift mutation, c.1290delG (p.Gly431Valfs*110) in heterozygosis. By Sanger sequencing, the mutation was confirmed in the proband, and not detected in his parents, indicating that it was a de novo mutation. These findings had implication for genetic counseling. In conclusion, we expanded the mutational spectrum of COL1A1 and provided another example of a de novo pathogenic mutation in heterozygosis in a patient born to consanguineous parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraprapa Tongkobpetch
- Inter-Department Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Medical Genetics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppachart Limpaphayom
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiruk Sangsin
- Inter-Department Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Medical Genetics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,STAR on Craniofacial and Skeletal Disorders, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanya Suphapeetiporn
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Medical Genetics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Medical Genetics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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26
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Donkervoort S, Chan SHS, Hayes LH, Bradley N, Nguyen D, Leach ME, Mohassel P, Hu Y, Thangarajh M, Bharucha-Goebel D, Kan A, Ho RSL, Reyes CA, Nance J, Moore SA, Foley AR, Bönnemann CG. Cytoplasmic body pathology in severe ACTA1-related myopathy in the absence of typical nemaline rods. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:531-536. [PMID: 28416349 PMCID: PMC5918412 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in ACTA1 cause a group of myopathies with expanding clinical and histopathological heterogeneity. We describe three patients with severe ACTA1-related myopathy who have muscle fiber cytoplasmic bodies but no classic nemaline rods. Patient 1 is a five-year-old boy who presented at birth with severe weakness and respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation. Whole exome sequencing identified a heterozygous c.282C>A (p.Asn94Lys) ACTA1 mutation. Patients 2 and 3 were twin boys with hypotonia, severe weakness, and respiratory insufficiency at birth requiring mechanical ventilation. Both died at 6 months of age. The same heterozygous c.282C>A (p.Asn94Lys) ACTA1 mutation was identified by whole exome sequencing. We conclude that clinically severe ACTA1-related myopathy can present with muscle morphological findings suggestive of cytoplasmic body myopathy in the absence of definite nemaline rods. The Asn94Lys mutation in skeletal muscle sarcomeric α-actin may be linked to this histological appearance. These novel ACTA1 cases also illustrate the successful application of whole exome sequencing in directly arriving at a candidate genetic diagnosis in patients with unexpected phenotypic and histologic features for a known neuromuscular gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Donkervoort
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sophelia H S Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Leslie H Hayes
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Bradley
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Nguyen
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meganne E Leach
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA; Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Payam Mohassel
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Diana Bharucha-Goebel
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA; Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amanda Kan
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Biochemistry, The Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ronnie S L Ho
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Biochemistry, The Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Jessica Nance
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Moore
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A Reghan Foley
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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27
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Donkervoort S, Bharucha-Goebel D, Yun P, Hu Y, Mohassel P, Hoke A, Zein WM, Ezzo D, Atherton AM, Modrcin AC, Dasouki M, Foley AR, Bönnemann CG. HSP and deafness: Neurocristopathy caused by a novel mosaic SOX10 mutation. Neurol Genet 2017; 3:e151. [PMID: 28534044 PMCID: PMC5432370 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the underlying genetic cause in 2 sisters affected with progressive lower extremity spasticity, neuropathy, and early-onset deafness. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed, and segregation testing of variants was investigated using targeted Sanger sequencing. An inherited paternal mosaic mutation was further evaluated through quantitative analysis of the ratio of mutant vs wild-type allele in genomic DNA from various tissues, including blood, dermal fibroblasts, and saliva. RESULTS A novel heterozygous nonsense mutation (c.1140C>A; p.Y380X) in SOX10 was identified in the affected sisters. Paternal mosaicism was suspected based on a small chromatogram peak, which was less than the heterozygous peak of the mutated allele. Consistent with mosaicism, the mosaic paternal samples had notable variability in the ratio of mutant vs wild-type allele in various tissues (compared with the fully heterozygous daughter), with the highest paternal mutant levels in saliva (32.7%) and lowest in dermal fibroblasts (13.9%). Targeted clinical re-examination of the father revealed a sensorimotor neuropathy that was previously clinically unrecognized. CONCLUSIONS These findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of SOX10-related neurocristopathy. Mutations in SOX10 should be considered in patients presenting with a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia that includes neuropathy and deafness. Diagnostic workup may be complicated, as SOX10 mutations can present in a mosaic state, with a mild clinical manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Diana Bharucha-Goebel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Pomi Yun
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Ying Hu
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Payam Mohassel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Daniel Ezzo
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Andrea M Atherton
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Ann C Modrcin
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Majed Dasouki
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section (S.D., D.B.-G., P.Y., Y.H., P.M., D.E., A.R.F., C.G.B.), and National Eye Institute (W.M.Z.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Children's National Medical Center (D.B.-G.), Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (A.H.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Children's Mercy Hospital (A.M.A., A.C.M.), Kansas City, MO; and Department of Neurology (M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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28
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Symoens S, Steyaert W, Demuynck L, De Paepe A, Diderich KEM, Malfait F, Coucke PJ. Tissue-specific mosaicism for a lethal osteogenesis imperfecta COL1A1 mutation causes mild OI/EDS overlap syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1047-1050. [PMID: 28261977 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Type I collagen is the predominant protein of connective tissues such as skin and bone. Mutations in the type I collagen genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2) mainly cause osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). We describe a patient with clinical signs of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), including fragile skin, easy bruising, recurrent luxations, and fractures resembling mild OI. Biochemical collagen analysis of the patients' dermal fibroblasts showed faint overmodification of the type I collagen bands, a finding specific for structural defects in type I collagen. Bidirectional Sanger sequencing detected an in-frame deletion in exon 44 of COL1A1 (c.3150_3158del), resulting in the deletion of three amino acids (p.Ala1053_Gly1055del) in the collagen triple helix. This COL1A1 mutation was hitherto identified in four probands with lethal OI, and never in EDS patients. As the peaks on the electropherogram corresponding to the mutant allele were decreased in intensity, we performed next generation sequencing of COL1A1 to study mosaicism in skin and blood. While approximately 9% of the reads originating from fibroblast gDNA harbored the COL1A1 deletion, the deletion was not detected in gDNA from blood. Most likely, the mild clinical symptoms observed in our patient can be explained by the mosaic state of the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Steyaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn Demuynck
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of conditions associated with various abnormalities of the skeleton. Some of them are perinatally lethal and can be diagnosed at birth. Lethality is usually due to thoracic underdevelopment and lung hypoplasia. A correct diagnosis and typing of the skeletal disorder is essential for the prognosis as is genetic counseling of the family. A retrospective review of 12 cases of clinico-radiologic diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia, leading to thoracic insufficiency, was conducted.We aimed to make differential diagnosis with special emphasis on radiological findings, and to emphasize the importance of parental counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sah İpek
- From the Department of Neonatology (MSİ), Maternity and Children's Hospital; and Department of Radiology (CA), Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Novak L, Steinberger D, Wilhelm A, Bahlmann F. Osteogenesis Imperfecta type II with the variant c.4237G>A (p.Asp1413Asn) in COL1A1 in a dichorionic, diamniotic twin pregnancy. CASE REPORTS IN PERINATAL MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/crpm-2015-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We present the case of a 34-year-old woman with a prenatally diagnosed osteogenesis imperfecta type II of one fetus of a diamniotic-dichorionic twin pregnancy at 28 weeks and 2 days of gestation. The diagnosis was suspected after a routine ultrasound examination, specified by 3D-ultrasound and confirmed with moleculargenetic analyses of COL1A1 with DNA of fetal cells obtained after amniotic drainage. Since a premature rupture of membranes occurred a cesarean section was performed at 36 weeks of gestation. Both newborns received primary medical care by neonatologists. The affected child received further treatment initially stationary, later as an ambulant patient. Even though ultrasound is a powerful tool to identify clinical features of osteogenesis imperfecta, the condition can finally only be confirmed by collagen or DNA analyses. We discuss the possibilities and limits of prenatal diagnosis, treatment options as well as issues that are relevant for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Novak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bürgerhospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Anneke Wilhelm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bürgerhospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franz Bahlmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bürgerhospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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32
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Abstract
Prenatal diagnostic testing is available for a growing number of disorders. The goal of prenatal diagnosis was initially focused on the identification of Down syndrome in women aged 35 years and older, but invasive prenatal genetic techniques can now detect a far broader array of conditions. The risks of invasive procedures have also decreased over time. Advances in genomic medicine allow testing for smaller but significant chromosomal abnormalities known as copy number variants, in addition to major aneuploidies and structural rearrangements. Molecular DNA techniques can detect many single-gene conditions. In the future, it is likely that whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing will be applied to prenatal genetic testing to allow identification of yet more genetic disorders. With advances in technology, the indications for testing have likewise evolved far beyond recommendations based solely on maternal age to include a more patient-centered view of the goals of prenatal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Norton
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
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33
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Donkervoort S, Hu Y, Stojkovic T, Voermans NC, Foley AR, Leach ME, Dastgir J, Bolduc V, Cullup T, de Becdelièvre A, Yang L, Su H, Meilleur K, Schindler AB, Kamsteeg EJ, Richard P, Butterfield RJ, Winder TL, Crawford TO, Weiss RB, Muntoni F, Allamand V, Bönnemann CG. Mosaicism for dominant collagen 6 mutations as a cause for intrafamilial phenotypic variability. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:48-56. [PMID: 25204870 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Collagen 6-related dystrophies and myopathies (COL6-RD) are a group of disorders that form a wide phenotypic spectrum, ranging from severe Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, intermediate phenotypes, to the milder Bethlem myopathy. Both inter- and intrafamilial variable expressivity are commonly observed. We present clinical, immunohistochemical, and genetic data on four COL6-RD families with marked intergenerational phenotypic heterogeneity. This variable expression seemingly masquerades as anticipation is due to parental mosaicism for a dominant mutation, with subsequent full inheritance and penetrance of the mutation in the heterozygous offspring. We also present an additional fifth simplex patient identified as a mosaic carrier. Parental mosaicism was confirmed in the four families through quantitative analysis of the ratio of mutant versus wild-type allele (COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3) in genomic DNA from various tissues, including blood, dermal fibroblasts, and saliva. Consistent with somatic mosaicism, parental samples had lower ratios of mutant versus wild-type allele compared with the fully heterozygote offspring. However, there was notable variability of the mutant allele levels between tissues tested, ranging from 16% (saliva) to 43% (fibroblasts) in one mosaic father. This is the first report demonstrating mosaicism as a cause of intrafamilial/intergenerational variability of COL6-RD, and suggests that sporadic and parental mosaicism may be more common than previously suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Donkervoort
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Neurogenetics Branch, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Symoens S, Hulmes DJS, Bourhis JM, Coucke PJ, De Paepe A, Malfait F. Type I procollagen C-propeptide defects: study of genotype-phenotype correlation and predictive role of crystal structure. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:1330-41. [PMID: 25146735 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The type I procollagen carboxyterminal(C-)propeptides are crucial in directing correct assembly of the procollagen heterotrimers. Defects in these domains have anecdotally been reported in patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) and few genotype-phenotype correlations have been described. To gain insight in the functional consequences of C-propeptide defects, we performed a systematic review of clinical, molecular, and biochemical findings in all patients in whom we identified a type I procollagen C-propeptide defect, and compared this with literature data. We report 30 unique type I procollagen C-propeptide variants, 24 of which are novel. The outcome of COL1A1 nonsense and frameshift variants depends on the location of the premature termination codon. Those located prior to 50-55 nucleotides upstream of the most 3' exon-exon junction lead to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and cause mild OI. Those located beyond this boundary escape NMD, generally lead to production of stable, overmodified procollagen chains, which may partly be retained intracellularly, and are usually associated with severe-to-lethal OI. Proα1(I)-C-propeptide defects that permit chain association result in more severe phenotypes than those inhibiting chain association. We demonstrate that the crystal structure of the proα1(III)-C-propeptide is a reliable tool to predict phenotypic severity for most COL1A1-C-propeptide missense variants, whereas for COL1A2-C-propeptide variants, the phenotypic outcome is milder than predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Parent of origin, mosaicism, and recurrence risk: probabilistic modeling explains the broken symmetry of transmission genetics. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:345-59. [PMID: 25242496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most new mutations are observed to arise in fathers, and increasing paternal age positively correlates with the risk of new variants. Interestingly, new mutations in X-linked recessive disease show elevated familial recurrence rates. In male offspring, these mutations must be inherited from mothers. We previously developed a simulation model to consider parental mosaicism as a source of transmitted mutations. In this paper, we extend and formalize the model to provide analytical results and flexible formulas. The results implicate parent of origin and parental mosaicism as central variables in recurrence risk. Consistent with empirical data, our model predicts that more transmitted mutations arise in fathers and that this tendency increases as fathers age. Notably, the lack of expansion later in the male germline determines relatively lower variance in the proportion of mutants, which decreases with paternal age. Subsequently, observation of a transmitted mutation has less impact on the expected risk for future offspring. Conversely, for the female germline, which arrests after clonal expansion in early development, variance in the mutant proportion is higher, and observation of a transmitted mutation dramatically increases the expected risk of recurrence in another pregnancy. Parental somatic mosaicism considerably elevates risk for both parents. These findings have important implications for genetic counseling and for understanding patterns of recurrence in transmission genetics. We provide a convenient online tool and source code implementing our analytical results. These tools permit varying the underlying parameters that influence recurrence risk and could be useful for analyzing risk in diverse family structures.
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Steffann J, Michot C, Borghese R, Baptista-Fernandes M, Monnot S, Bonnefont JP, Munnich A. Parental mosaicism is a pitfall in preimplantation genetic diagnosis of dominant disorders. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:711-2. [PMID: 24022303 PMCID: PMC3992558 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PCR amplification on single cells is prone to allele drop-out (PCR failure of one allele), a cause of misdiagnosis in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Owing to this error risk, PGD usually relies on both direct and indirect genetic analyses. When the affected partner is the sporadic case of a dominant disorder, building haplotypes require spermatozoon or polar body testing prior to PGD, but these procedures are cost and time-consuming. A couple requested PGD because the male partner suffered from a dominant Cowden syndrome (CS). He was a sporadic case, but the couple had a first unaffected child and the non-mutated paternal haplotype was tentatively deduced. The couple had a second spontaneous pregnancy and the fetus was found to carry the at-risk haplotype but not the PTEN mutation. The mutation was present in blood from the affected father, but at low level, confirming the somatic mosaicism. Ignoring the possibility of mosaicism in the CS patient would have potentially led to selection of affected embryos. This observation emphasizes the risk of PGD in families at risk to transmit autosomal-dominant disorder when the affected partner is a sporadic case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Steffann
- Unité Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut imagine, INSERM-U781, Paris, France
- Service de génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Michot
- Unité Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut imagine, INSERM-U781, Paris, France
- Service de génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Roxana Borghese
- Unité Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut imagine, INSERM-U781, Paris, France
- Service de génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marcia Baptista-Fernandes
- Unité Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut imagine, INSERM-U781, Paris, France
- Service de génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Monnot
- Unité Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut imagine, INSERM-U781, Paris, France
- Service de génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bonnefont
- Unité Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut imagine, INSERM-U781, Paris, France
- Service de génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Unité Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut imagine, INSERM-U781, Paris, France
- Service de génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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37
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Lu Y, Ren X, Wang Y, Li T, Li F, Wang S, Xu C, Wu G, Li H, Li G, Zhao F, Wang Z, Mo X, Han J. Mutational and structural characteristics of four novel heterozygous C-propeptide mutations in the proα1(I) collagen gene in Chinese osteogenesis imperfecta patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:524-31. [PMID: 24147872 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with C-propeptide mutations in proα1(I) collagen gene are rarely reported. We report four novel C-propeptide mutations in COL1A1 gene from Chinese OI patients. METHODS Clinical characteristics and radiographic findings were described for four OI patients with C-propeptide mutations in proα1(I) collagen gene. Mutations were identified by traditional DNA sequencing based on PCR. The locations of mutations were mapped, and in silico prediction was conducted to analyse their effects on protein structure. Histology studies of skin, bone and muscle tissues were performed. RESULTS All four C-propeptide heterozygous mutations identified were in the COL1A1 gene. Heterozygous mutation of c.4021C>T (p.Q1341X) disrupted the chain recognition sequences and was found in patients with type IV OI. Mutations of c.3893C>A (p.T1298N) and c.3897C>A (p.C1299X) impeded the formation of disulphide bonds and were associated with type IV OI phenotype. Missense mutation of c.3835A>C (p.N1279H) disrupted Ca(2+) binding and led to a severe type III OI phenotype. In silico programs predicted damaging effects for the patients with type III OI and the creation of an exonic splicing enhancer hexamer sequence for the type IV patients. Expansion of the bone marrow cavity and disorganization of osteocyte alignment was evident in bone specimens; and muscle atrophy and enlargement of intramuscular connective tissue were found in muscle specimens. CONCLUSIONS Four novel C-propeptide mutations in proα1(I) collagen gene were identified in Chinese OI patients, and their clinical severity ranged from moderate type IV to severe type III. In silico prediction of the mutation effect and histological characteristics of tissue specimens was in accordance with the OI phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Virology of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Chen CP, Lin SP, Su YN, Chern SR, Su JW, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of recurrent autosomal dominant osteogenesis imperfecta associated with unaffected parents and paternal gonadal mosaicism. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 52:106-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Osteogenesis imperfecta type IV: prenatal molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling in a pregnancy carried to full term with favorable outcome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 51:271-5. [PMID: 22795107 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type IV in a pregnancy carried to term with favorable outcome. CASE REPORT A 34-year-old, primigravid woman was referred for genetic counseling in the second trimester because of advanced maternal age and a positive family history of OI type IV. Her husband had a weight of 40 kg and a height of 145 cm. Her husband had normal sclerae, moderate short stature and osteopenia, and had sustained multiple fractures with minimal trauma since childhood. The husband and his relatives including his mother, aunt, uncle, sister and nephew had suffered from OI type IV. Molecular analysis of the affected individuals in the family revealed a G to T change at position c.2197 (c.2197G>T, GGT>TGT) of the exon 37 in the COL1A2 gene leading to a change of glycine at codon 733 to cysteine (G733C). Cytogenetic analysis of cultured amniocytes revealed a karyotype of 46,XY. Molecular analysis of uncultured amniocytes revealed a missense mutation of G733C in COL1A2. Level II ultrasound at 23 weeks of gestation revealed significant shortness of the limbs. Small stature for gestation age was obvious in the third trimester. At 37 weeks of gestation, a fetal ultrasound showed curvature of the femurs. A cesarean section was performed at 38 weeks of gestation, and a male baby was delivered uneventfully. The baby had normal sclerae, a body weight of 2190 g (< 5(th) centile) and a body length of 46 cm (< 5(th) centile). X-rays showed thin clavicles and short curved femurs but no bony fractures. No fractures were noted at the age of 1 month. CONCLUSION The present case adds to previous examples of favorable outcome in pregnancies with non-lethal forms of OI.
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Aftab SAS, Reddy N, Owen NL, Pollitt R, Harte A, McTernan PG, Tripathi G, Barber TM. Identification of a novel heterozygous mutation in exon 50 of the COL1A1 gene causing osteogenesis imperfecta. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2013; 2013:130002. [PMID: 24616757 PMCID: PMC3922149 DOI: 10.1530/edm-13-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 19-year-old woman was diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). She had sustained numerous low-trauma fractures throughout her childhood, including a recent pelvic fracture (superior and inferior ramus) following a low-impact fall. She had the classical blue sclerae, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) bone scanning confirmed low bone mass for her age in the lumbar spine (Z-score was −2.6). However, despite these classical clinical features, the diagnosis of OI had not been entertained throughout the whole of her childhood. Sequencing of her genomic DNA revealed that she was heterozygous for the c.3880_3883dup mutation in exon 50 of the COL1A1 gene. This mutation is predicted to result in a frameshift at p.Thr1295, and truncating stop codon 3 amino acids downstream. To our knowledge, this mutation has not previously been reported in OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A S Aftab
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - N Reddy
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - N L Owen
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - R Pollitt
- Connective Tissue Disorders Service, Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank Sheffield, S10 2TH UK
| | - A Harte
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - P G McTernan
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - G Tripathi
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - T M Barber
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University of Warwick Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Byers
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;
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42
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Osteogenesis imperfecta. MED GENET-BERLIN 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-012-0358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Die Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) ist die häufigste angeborene Erkrankung, die mit einer Frakturneigung und einer systemischen Skelettbeteiligung einhergeht. Die große Mehrzahl der Patienten hat eine autosomal-dominant erbliche OI-Form mit einer Mutation in den Typ-I-Kollagen-Genen COL1A1 oder COL1A2. Seit 2006 wurden 8 Gene identifiziert, die autosomal-rezessiv erblichen Formen der Erkrankung zugrunde liegen, sowie ein weiteres Gen für eine autosomal-dominant erbliche OI. Das Verständnis der molekularen Pathophysiologie konnte wesentlich erweitert werden. Das bisherige Paradigma der OI als einer reinen „Kollagenopathie“ erscheint ebenso revisionsbedürftig wie das klinische Klassifikationssystem. Standardtherapie der schwereren OI-Formen ist die Behandlung mit intravenösen Bisphosphonaten. Ergänzend kommen in einem multimodalen Behandlungskonzept operative Maßnahmen zur Begradigung deformierter Extremitäten und zur Frakturversorgung sowie die Physiotherapie hinzu.
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Identification of a COL1A2 mutation with a deletion spanning coding and intronic sequence in exon 19 and intron 19 in a fetus with osteogenesis imperfecta type II. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 51:312-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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44
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Chen CP, Su YN, Chang TY, Chern SR, Su JW, Wang W. Identification of a deletion mutation in the short flanking repeat region of exon 44 of the COL1A1 gene in a fetus with osteogenesis imperfecta type II. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 51:308-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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45
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Chen CP, Su YN, Chang TY, Huang MC, Pan CH, Chern SR, Su JW, Wang W. Osteogenesis imperfecta type II: Prenatal diagnosis and association with increased nuchal translucency and hypoechogenicity of the cranium. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 51:315-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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van Dijk FS, Cobben JM, Kariminejad A, Maugeri A, Nikkels PGJ, van Rijn RR, Pals G. Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Review with Clinical Examples. Mol Syndromol 2011; 2:1-20. [PMID: 22570641 DOI: 10.1159/000332228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by susceptibility to bone fractures, with a severity ranging from subtle increase in fracture frequency to prenatal fractures. The first scientific description of OI dates from 1788. Since then, important milestones in OI research and treatment have, among others, been the classification of OI into 4 types (the 'Sillence classification'), the discovery of defects in collagen type I biosynthesis as a cause of most cases of OI and the use of bisphosphonate therapy. Furthermore, in the past 5 years, it has become clear that OI comprises a group of heterogeneous disorders, with an estimated 90% of cases due to a causative variant in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes and with the remaining 10% due to causative recessive variants in the 8 genes known so far, or in other currently unknown genes. This review aims to highlight the current knowledge around the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical/radiological features, management, and future prospects of OI. The text will be illustrated with clinical descriptions, including radiographs and, where possible, photographs of patients with OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S van Dijk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Dijk FS, Byers PH, Dalgleish R, Malfait F, Maugeri A, Rohrbach M, Symoens S, Sistermans EA, Pals G. EMQN best practice guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 20:11-9. [PMID: 21829228 PMCID: PMC3234509 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) comprises a group of inherited disorders characterized by bone fragility and increased susceptibility to fractures. Historically, the laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis OI rested on cultured dermal fibroblasts to identify decreased or abnormal production of abnormal type I (pro)collagen molecules, measured by gel electrophoresis. With the discovery of COL1A1 and COL1A2 gene variants as a cause of OI, sequence analysis of these genes was added to the diagnostic process. Nowadays, OI is known to be genetically heterogeneous. About 90% of individuals with OI are heterozygous for causative variants in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes. The majority of remaining affected individuals have recessively inherited forms of OI with the causative variants in the more recently discovered genes CRTAP, FKBP10, LEPRE1,PLOD2, PPIB, SERPINF1, SERPINH1 and SP7, or in other yet undiscovered genes. These advances in the molecular genetic diagnosis of OI prompted us to develop new guidelines for molecular testing and reporting of results in which we take into account that testing is also used to ‘exclude' OI when there is suspicion of non-accidental injury. Diagnostic flow, methods and reporting scenarios were discussed during an international workshop with 17 clinicians and scientists from 11 countries and converged in these best practice guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur S van Dijk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Shaheen R, Al-Owain M, Faqeih E, Al-Hashmi N, Awaji A, Al-Zayed Z, Alkuraya FS. Mutations in FKBP10 cause both Bruck syndrome and isolated osteogenesis imperfecta in humans. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1448-52. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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