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Pourmontaseri H, Farjam M, Dehghan A, Karimi A, Akbari M, Shahabi S, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Estakhr M, Tabrizi R, Ahmadizar F. The effects of aerobic and resistant exercises on the lipid profile in healthy women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01030-1. [PMID: 38865051 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Exercise can have a wide range of health benefits, including improving blood lipid profiles. For women to achieve optimal cardiovascular health, it is vital to determine the effect of exercise on their health and whether different exercise intensities can affect their blood lipid profile. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine the effects of exercise on improving the lipid profile of healthy women. A database search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception until July 2, 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating exercise's effects on healthy women's blood lipid profiles. A total of 10 eligible articles (or 17 trials) with 576 participants were identified as eligible for the study. Overall, the meta-analysis shows that physical activity significantly improved total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels: TC [WMD = -5.77 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.41, -1.13, P < 0.01]; TG [WMD = -5.60 mg/dL, 95% CI: -8.96, -2.23, P < 0.01]; HDL [WMD = 4.49 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.33, 8.65, P = 0.03]. Additionally, sub-group analyses indicated that combined exercise training improved TG and TC (p 0.05), and aerobic exercise significantly increased HDL. In this study, physical activity appears to be one of the most effective non-pharmacological means for improving HDL, TG, and TC in healthy women. In terms of TG and TC, CT was the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Azizallah Dehghan
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Karimi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Vali Asr Hospital, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Estakhr
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
- USERN Research Office, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Julius Global Health, University Utrecht Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Banks NF, Rogers EM, Stanhewicz AE, Whitaker KM, Jenkins NDM. Resistance exercise lowers blood pressure and improves vascular endothelial function in individuals with elevated blood pressure or stage-1 hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H256-H269. [PMID: 37975709 PMCID: PMC11219052 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00386.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications are the first-line treatment recommendation for elevated blood pressure (BP) or stage-1 hypertension (E/S1H) and include resistance exercise training (RET). The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of a 9-wk RET intervention in line with the current exercise guidelines for individuals with E/S1H on resting peripheral and central BP, vascular endothelial function, central arterial stiffness, autonomic function, and inflammation in middle-aged and older adults (MA/O) with untreated E/S1H. Twenty-six MA/O adults (54 ± 6 yr; 16 females/10 males) with E/S1H engaged in either 9 wk of 3 days/wk RET (n = 13) or a nonexercise control (Con; n = 13). Pre- and postintervention measures included peripheral and central systolic (SBP and cSBP) and diastolic BP (DBP and cDBP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance (TPR), heart rate variability (HRV), and C-reactive protein (CRP). RET caused significant reductions in SBP {mean change ± 95% CI = [-7.9 (-12.1, -3.6) mmHg; P < 0.001]}, cSBP [6.8 (-10.8, -2.7) mmHg; P < 0.001)], DBP [4.8 (-10.3, -1.2) mmHg; P < 0.001], and cDBP [-5.1 (-8.9, -1.3) mmHg; P < 0.001]; increases in FMD [+2.37 (0.61, 4.14)%; P = 0.004] and CO [+1.21 (0.26, 2.15) L/min; P = 0.006]; and a reduction in TPR [-398 (-778, -19) mmHg·s/L; P = 0.028]. RET had no effect on cfPWV, BRS, HRV, or CRP relative to Con (P ≥ 0.20). These data suggest that RET reduces BP in MA/O adults with E/S1H alongside increased peripheral vascular function and decreased TPR without affecting cardiovagal function or central arterial stiffness.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is among the first studies to investigate the effects of chronic resistance exercise training on blood pressure (BP) and putative BP regulating mechanisms in middle-aged and older adults with untreated elevated BP or stage-1 hypertension in a randomized, nonexercise-controlled trial. Nine weeks of resistance exercise training elicits 4- to 8-mmHg improvements in systolic and diastolic BP alongside improvements in vascular endothelial function and total peripheral resistance without influencing central arterial stiffness or cardiovagal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nile F Banks
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Emily M Rogers
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Anna E Stanhewicz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Kara M Whitaker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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Tan L, Yan W, Yang W, Kamionka A, Lipowski M, Zhao Z, Zhao G. Effect of exercise on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2023; 183:112310. [PMID: 37844768 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Postmenopausal women affected by overweight and obesity are susceptible to a variety of diseases due to inflammation. Exercise may reduce the risk of disease by attenuating low-grade chronic inflammation. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women struggling with overweight and obesity. METHOD Literature as of May 2023 was searched from databases such as Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO and English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that meet the inclusion criteria were selected. Studies were included based on the following criteria: (A) Written in English; (B) RCTs; (C) Postmenopausal women impacted by overweight and obesity as research objects; (D) Outcome measurements include CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and adiponectin; (E) Duration of the exercise intervention is eight weeks. RESULTS A total of 34 articles and 2229 participants were included. Exercise can significantly reduce the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: -0.59, 95 % CI: -0.87 to -0.31, p < 0.00001), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (MD: -0.65, 95 % CI: -0.94 to -0.35, p < 0.00001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD: -0.48, 95 % CI: -0.75 to -0.21, p < 0.00001), and exercise can significantly increase the level of adiponectin (MD: 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.02 to 0.65, p = 0.04) in women impacted by overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise may be an effective intervention for reducing pro-inflammatory markers and increasing adiponectin in postmenopausal women impacted by overweight and obesity. The findings may provide clinicians and healthcare professionals with insights into the implementation of exercise programs for postmenopausal women living with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tan
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; Changsha Commerce & Tourism College, 410116, Changsha, China.
| | - Weihua Yan
- School of Management, Beijing Sport University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Weilin Yang
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agata Kamionka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Lipowski
- Faculty of Social and Humanities, University WSB Merito, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Physical Education Institute (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- Changsha Commerce & Tourism College, 410116, Changsha, China.
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He M, Hu S, Wang J, Wang J, Găman MA, Hariri Z, Tian Y. Effect of resistance training on lipid profile in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 288:18-28. [PMID: 37421743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical exercise decreases cardiovascular risk and can alter the lipid profile in postmenopausal women. Although it is believed that resistance training can potentially decrease serum lipid levels in postmenopausal females, the evidence remains inconclusive. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to clarify the impact of resistance training on the lipid profile in postmenopausal women. METHODS Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline and Embase were searched. RCTs that evaluated the effect of resistance training on total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were included in this review. Effect size was estimated using the random effects model. Subgroup analyses based on age, duration of intervention, pre-enrolment serum lipid levels and body mass index were performed. RESULTS Data pooled from 19 RCTs revealed that resistance training can reduce TC [weighted mean difference (WMD) -11.47 mg/dl; p = 0.002], LDL-C (WMD -8.48 mg/dl; p = 0.01) and TG (WMD -6.61 mg/dl; p = 0.043) levels. TC levels decreased particularly in subjects aged < 60 years (WMD -10.77 mg/dl; p = 0.003), in RCTs lasting < 16 weeks (WMD -15.70 mg/dl; p = 0.048), and in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia (WMD -12.36 mg/dl; p = 0.001) or obesity (WMD -19.35 mg/dl; p = 0.006) before RCT enrolment. There was a significant decrease in LDL-C (WMD -14.38 mg/dl; p = 0.002) levels in patients with LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dl before trial enrolment. Resistance training reduced HDL-C (WMD -2.97 mg/dl; p = 0.01) levels particularly in subjects with obesity. TG (WMD -10.71 mg/dl; p = 0.01) levels decreased particularly when the intervention lasted < 16 weeks. CONCLUSION Resistance training can decrease TC, LDL-C and TG levels in postmenopausal females. The impact of resistance training on HDL-C levels was small, and was only observed in individuals with obesity. The effect of resistance training on the lipid profile was more notable in short-term interventions and in postmenopausal women with dyslipidaemia or obesity before trial enrolment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Hu
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Haematology, Centre of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zahra Hariri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yu Tian
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
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Khalafi M, Akbari A, Symonds ME, Pourvaghar MJ, Rosenkranz SK, Tabari E. Influence of different modes of exercise training on inflammatory markers in older adults with and without chronic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2023; 169:156303. [PMID: 37467710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ageing can be accompanied by increased inflammation, which contributes to the development of sarcopenia. Exercise training could be effective for preventing sarcopenia and mitigate inflammation and thus a viable intervention in ageing. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise training on markers of inflammation including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in older adults (≥65 years). Exercise-based interventions are most successful in preventing the decline in skeletal muscle mass and in preserving or ameliorating functional capacities with increasing age. METHOD PubMed and Web of Science were searched through to December 2021 using "exercise", "inflammatory markers", "elderly", and "randomized controlled trial" to identify randomized trials evaluating the effects of exercise training versus control groups on IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in older adults with mean ages ≥ 65 yrs. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were determined using random effects models. RESULTS Forty studies involving 49 trials and 1,898 older adults were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, exercise training reduced IL-6 [-0.17 (95% CI -0.32 to -0.02), p = 0.02], TNF-α [-0.30 (95% CI -0.46 to -0.13), p = 0.001], and CRP [-0.45 (95% CI -0.61 to -0.29), p = 0.001]. Subgroup analyses showed that IL-6 was reduced significantly by combined training, TNF-α by aerobic training, and CRP by aerobic, resistance, and combined training. In addition, exercise training reduced IL-6 and TNF-α in older adults with chronic diseases, and CRP in older adults with and without chronic diseases. CONCLUSION The current results highlight that exercise training, regardless of exercise type, has small to moderate beneficial effects on markers of inflammation in older adults, particularly in those with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Amir Akbari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Javad Pourvaghar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Elma Tabari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
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Banitalebi E, Banitalebi E, Ghahfarokhi MM, Rahimi M, Laher I, Davison K. Resistance Band Exercise: An Effective Strategy to Reverse Cardiometabolic Disorders in Women With Osteosarcopenic Obesity. J Aging Phys Act 2023; 31:633-641. [PMID: 36706764 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We designed to evaluate the effects of resistance elastic band exercises (REBEs) on cardiometabolic/obesity-related biomarkers in older females with osteosarcopenic obesity. Sixty-three patients (aged 65-80 years) with osteosarcopenic obesity and a body mass index exceeding 30 kg/m2 were enrolled in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (REBE, n = 32) or a usual care group (n = 31). The experimental group completed a 12-week REBE program, three times a week and 60 min per session. There were decreases in lipid accumulation product (p = .033), visceral adipose index (p = .001), triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (p = .034), and atherogenic index of plasma (p = .028) in the experimental group compared with the usual care group. Our findings highlight the importance of an REBE program in improving combined cardiometabolic/obesity-related indices in older women with osteosarcopenic obesity. The incorporation of an REBE program may benefit individuals who are unable to tolerate or participate in more strenuous exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elahe Banitalebi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord,Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Rahimi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord,Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
| | - Kade Davison
- Department of Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia: Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide, SA,Australia
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Swain CT, Drummond AE, Milne RL, English DR, Brown KA, Lou MW, Boing L, Bageley A, Skinner TL, van Roekel EH, Moore MM, Gaunt TR, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Lynch BM. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:588-596. [PMID: 36867865 PMCID: PMC10150243 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of physical activity on breast cancer incidence may partially be mediated by inflammation. Systematic searches of Medline, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus were performed to identify intervention studies, Mendelian randomization studies, and prospective cohort studies that examined the effects of physical activity on circulating inflammatory biomarkers in adult women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to determine the overall quality of the evidence. Thirty-five intervention studies and one observational study met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) indicated that, compared with control groups, exercise interventions reduced levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.62 to 0.08), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα, SMD = -0.63, 95% CI = -1.04 to -0.22), interleukin-6 (IL6, SMD = -0.55, 95% CI = -0.97 to -0.13) and leptin (SMD = -0.50, 95% CI = -1.10 to 0.09). Owing to heterogeneity in effect estimates and imprecision, evidence strength was graded as low (CRP, leptin) or moderate (TNFα and IL6). High-quality evidence indicated that exercise did not change adiponectin levels (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.14 to 0.17). These findings provide support for the biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-inflammation-breast cancer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann E. Drummond
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R. English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristy A. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Makayla W.C. Lou
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leonessa Boing
- Laboratory of Research in Leisure and Physical Activity, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Amy Bageley
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tina L. Skinner
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Eline H. van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa M. Moore
- Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J. Lewis
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brigid M. Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Tan A, Thomas RL, Campbell MD, Prior SL, Bracken RM, Churm R. Effects of exercise training on metabolic syndrome risk factors in post-menopausal women - A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:337-351. [PMID: 36736057 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alterations in the hormonal profiles as women transition to the menopause predisposes individuals to the metabolic syndrome (MetS). In post-menopausal women, this can be exacerbated by sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity. Physical activity can convey many health benefits including improvement in MetS risk factors. However, it remains to be elucidated how differing exercise intensities and its mode of delivery can ameliorate MetS risk factors and resultant progression amongst post-menopausal women. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects and efficacy of exercise training on MetS risk factors in post-menopausal women. METHODS Database searches using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were conducted from inception to December 2021 for randomised controlled studies (RCTs) investigating exercise training (>8 weeks) in at least one of the MetS risk factors in post-menopausal women. Utilising the random-effects model, appropriate standardised mean differences (SMD) or mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for each MetS risk factor were used to calculate the overall effect size between the exercise and control groups. Sub-group analyses were performed for exercise intensity, modality, and duration for each risk factor. Meta-regression was performed for categorical (health status) and continuous (body mass index) covariates. RESULTS 39 RCTs (40 studies) involving 2132 participants were identified as eligible. Overall, the meta-analysis shows that exercise training significantly improved all MetS risk factors: waist circumference (WC) [MD: -2.61 cm; 95% CI: -3.39 to -1.86 cm; p < 0.001; 21 studies]; triglycerides (TG) [SMD: -0.40 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.09 mmol/L; p = 0.01; 25 studies]; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [SMD: 0.84 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.41-1.27 mmol/L; p < 0.001; 26 studies]; fasting glucose (BG) [SMD: -0.38 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.60 to -0.16 mmol/L; p < 0.001; 20 studies]; systolic blood pressure (SBP) [MD: -5.95 mmHg (95% CI: -7.98 to -3.92 mmHg; p < 0.001; 23 studies]; and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [MD: -4.14 mmHg (95% CI: -6.19 to -2.08 mmHg; p < 0.001; 23 studies]. Furthermore, sub-group analyses identified that moderate intensity and combined exercise training significantly improved MetS risk factors (p < 0.05) except for HDL, with combined exercise being the most effective. Long duration (≥12 weeks) training also significantly improved MetS risk factors except for TG. Meta-regression revealed no moderating effects on any MetS risk variables. CONCLUSION This study reinforces the importance of regular physical activity as a non-pharmacological tool in the reduction of MetS risk in post-menopausal women, with significant metabolic improvements seen in interventions spanning 8-10 weeks. Moderate intensity and combined training significantly benefitted abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, dysglycaemia and hypertension in post-menopausal women. Improvements in at least one MetS risk were also seen with other exercise modalities and intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbigail Tan
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - Rebecca L Thomas
- Diabetes Research Group, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Sciences Complex, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah L Prior
- Diabetes Research Group, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Richard M Bracken
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Rachel Churm
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Loaiza-Betancur AF, Gómez-Tomás C, Blasco JM, Chulvi-Medrano I, Iglesias-González LE. Effects of resistance training on C-reactive protein in menopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Menopause 2022; 29:1430-1440. [PMID: 36219807 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Menopause is a biological stage associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality due to changes in sex hormone levels. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to investigate the benefits and harms of RT in menopausal and postmenopausal women. EVIDENCE REVIEW We searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 2021, and clinical trial registries. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) in menopausal and postmenopausal women that compared women undergoing RT programs with a control group were included. The primary outcomes were C-reactive protein level and adverse events; and, the secondary outcomes were lipid profile and waist circumference. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted data, and assessed the completeness of RT programs, risk of bias, and quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach (GRADE). A random-effects model was used. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. FINDINGS Twelve RCTs published from 2012 to 2020 met the inclusion criteria (n = 482). Four follow-up periods were assessed. RT caused reductions in C-reactive protein levels compared to those in the control group in postmenopausal women in the short- to long-term follow-up (mean difference, -0.47 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval, -0.66 to -0.29; P < 0.00001). Furthermore, RT may reduce C-reactive protein levels even at moderate and moderate-to-high intensity ( P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0005, respectively). Similar findings were found for lipid profiles in the short- to long-term follow-up ( P < 0.05). RT may have had little to no effect on waist circumference. The certainty of the body of evidence was assessed as very low and downgraded owing to serious study limitations, inconsistency, imprecision, and publication bias. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE There was very low-quality evidence supporting the benefits of RT compared with control for C-reactive protein levels and lipid profile. No benefits were found for the outcome of waist circumference in postmenopausal women with different comorbidities or risk factors. Safety data were scarce. We have little confidence in the results, and the true effect is likely to be substantially different. Further well-conducted and well-reported RCTs are warranted to strengthen the evidence. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020213125.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cinta Gómez-Tomás
- Research Group Physiotherapy and Readaptation in Sport, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María Blasco
- Group of Physiotherapy in the Ageing Processes, Social and Healthcare Strategies, IRIMED Joint Research Unit in Radiophysics and Instrumentation in Nuclear Medicine (IIS_LaFe-UV), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- UIRFIDE (Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group), Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Department of Physical and Sports Education, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Jiang G, Wu X. Effects of resistance training combined with balance training on physical function among older adults: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062486. [PMID: 36198467 PMCID: PMC9535182 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The world's population is ageing. Age-related declines in physical function negatively affect the quality of life but may be ameliorated by certain types of exercise. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of combining resistance training (RT) with balance training on physical function in older community-dwelling adults to provide a reference for this type of exercise compared with other exercises and to provide a theoretical basis for optimising exercise plans to improve physical function among older adults. METHODS This single-blind randomised controlled trial will recruit 66 community dwelling adults 60-89 years of age with normal cognition. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: RT, RT combined with balance training or a control group with usual daily activities. Exercise interventions will be conducted in three 45 min sessions per week for 24 weeks. Primary physical function outcomes will be assessed using the timed up and go test, usual walking speed, maximal walking speed, 30 s chair stand and 30 s arm curl. Secondary assessments will be conducted using the 2 min step test, back scratch test and chair sit-and-reach test. All physical function assessments will be performed at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks of exercise interventions. Exercise intensity will be monitored to maintain moderate intensity by heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion and OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale. Data that conform to a normal distribution will be expressed as means±SD, otherwise as medians and interquartile intervals. Pretest, mid-test and post-test outcomes will be analysed for within-group and between-group comparisons using two-way repeated measures analyses of variance. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This proposal was reviewed and approved by the Shanghai University of Sport Research Ethics Committee (102772021RT067). The results will be disseminated to the trial participants and as a peer-reviewed publication. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2200056090.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Education, Harbin University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueping Wu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Xin C, Ye M, Zhang Q, He H. Effect of Exercise on Vascular Function and Blood Lipids in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912074. [PMID: 36231376 PMCID: PMC9564891 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), combined training (CT), and water exercise (WE) on vascular function and blood lipids in postmenopausal women using a network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and EBSCO (SPORTDiscus) databases to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise on vascular function and blood lipids in postmenopausal women. The retrieval period was from inception to March 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, extracted pertinent data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. RESULTS A total of 38 studies involving 1407 patients were included in this study. The results of the NMA indicated that WE had the greatest effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (surface under the cumulative ranking [SUCRA] = 84.9) and total cholesterol (TC) (SUCRA = 93.1); CT had the greatest effect on triglycerides (TG) (SUCRA = 96.2), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SUCRA = 94.8), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SUCRA = 91.1); RT had the greatest effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SUCRA = 79.4). CONCLUSION The results suggest that exercise can effectively improve the PWV, SBP, and DBP and the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C in postmenopausal women. WE had the best effect on improving TC and SBP. CT had the best effect on improving TG, HDL-C, and DBP. To improve LDL-C, RT can achieve a good effect. Considering the limitations of NMA, more RCTS need to be performed in the future to provide more direct evidence of the effectiveness of various exercise interventions on vascular health in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Xin
- Department of Chinese Academy of Sport and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingyi Ye
- Department of Chinese Academy of Sport and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chinese Academy of Sport and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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García-Gomariz C, Igual-Camacho C, Sanchís-Sales E, Hernández-Guillén D, Blasco JM. Effects of Three Interventions Combining Impact or Walking at Intense Pace Training, with or without Calcium and Vitamin Supplements, to Manage Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia and Osteoporosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11215. [PMID: 36141488 PMCID: PMC9517092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to assess the effects of three interventions on bone mineral density (BMD) to prevent the onset or progression of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Specifically, thirty-nine postmenopausal women, diagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis, implemented either high-impact training (G1), the same training + calcium and vitamin D intake (G2), or walked at an intense pace + calcium and vitamin D (G3). Baseline change (BC) in BMD was estimated using the femoral neck and lumbar spine T-scores. Participants were classified as having suffered fractures and/or falls before (24-month) and during the 2-year intervention. The participants-aged 61.8 years-were allocated into G1 (n = 9), G2 (n = 16), and G3 (n = 14). The groups evolved similarly over time; however, participants in G2 exhibited the largest T-score improvements with BC over 20%. G1 and G3 maintained BMD levels (BC = -7 to 13.3%; p > 0.05). Falls occurred similarly across the interventions, while the participants in G2 had the lowest percentage of fracture events (p = 0.037). Overall, the findings suggest that regular physical exercise may be effective in maintaining or improving BMD in postmenopausal women presenting with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Due to the limited sample size, the results are preliminary and warrant future randomized trials to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen García-Gomariz
- Departament de Infermeria, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Group of Physiotherapy in the Ageing Process, Social and Healthcare Strategies, Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Celedonia Igual-Camacho
- Group of Physiotherapy in the Ageing Process, Social and Healthcare Strategies, Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Hospital Clínic i Universitari de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - David Hernández-Guillén
- Group of Physiotherapy in the Ageing Process, Social and Healthcare Strategies, Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José-M. Blasco
- Group of Physiotherapy in the Ageing Process, Social and Healthcare Strategies, Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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13
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Rose GL, Mielke GI, Durr M, Schaumberg MA. Effect of resistance training on chronic inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Laura Rose
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Gregore Iven Mielke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Madeleine Durr
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Mia Annalies Schaumberg
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute Birtinya Australia
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14
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Can Resistance Exercise Be a Tool for Healthy Aging in Post-Menopausal Women with Type 1 Diabetes? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168716. [PMID: 34444464 PMCID: PMC8393224 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to improvements in diabetes care, people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are living longer. Studies show that post-menopausal T1D women have a substantially elevated cardiovascular risk compared to those without T1D. As T1D may also accelerate age-related bone and muscle loss, the risk of frailty may be considerable for T1D women. Exercise and physical activity may be optimal preventative therapies to maintain health and prevent complications in this population: They are associated with improvements in, or maintenance of, cardiovascular health, bone mineral density, and muscle mass in older adults. Resistance exercise, in particular, may provide important protection against age-related frailty, due to its specific effects on bone and muscle. Fear of hypoglycemia can be a barrier to exercise in those with T1D, and resistance exercise may cause less hypoglycemia than aerobic exercise. There are currently no exercise studies involving older, post-menopausal women with T1D. As such, it is unknown whether current guidelines for insulin adjustment/carbohydrate intake for activity are appropriate for this population. This review focuses on existing knowledge about exercise in older adults and considers potential future directions around resistance exercise as a therapeutic intervention for post-menopausal T1D women.
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Son WM, Park JJ. Resistance Band Exercise Training Prevents the Progression of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Postmenopausal Women. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2021; 20:291-299. [PMID: 34211322 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is classified as a combination of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and postmenopausal women are specifically at an increased risk for MetS, in part due to the hormonal and metabolic changes that occur at the menopause transition. It is crucial to combat the components of MetS with appropriate lifestyle interventions in this population, such as exercise. This study aimed to examine the effects of a resistance band exercise training program in obese postmenopausal women with MetS. A total 35 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to either a control group (CON, n = 17) or a resistance band exercise training group (EX, n = 18). Participants in the EX group trained 3days/week. Levels of blood glucose, insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood lipid profile, anthropometrics, and blood pressure (BP) were measured at baseline and after the exercise intervention. There were significant group by time interactions (p < 0.05) for blood glucose (Δ-4.5 mg/dl), insulin (Δ -1.3 μU/ml), HOMA-IR (Δ -0.6), triglycerides (Δ -9.4 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(Δ -10.8 mg/dl), systolic BP(Δ -3.4 mmHg), body fat percentage (Δ -3.0 %), and waist circumference (Δ -3.4 cm), which significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and lean body mass (Δ 0.7 kg) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Δ 5.1 mg/dl), which significantly increased (p < 0.05) after EX compared to no change in CON. The present study indicates that resistance band exercise training may be an effective therapeutic intervention to combat the components of MetS in this population, potentially reducing the risk for the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mok Son
- Division of Sports Science, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Jun Park
- Division of Sports Science, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
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Khalafi M, Malandish A, Rosenkranz SK. The impact of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111398. [PMID: 33965553 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The postmenopausal stage of life is associated with increased systemic inflammation that may be mitigated through exercise training. The effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women, however, require further elucidation. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the available high-quality research on the effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women. METHOD Electronic searches in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Google Scholar were conducted to identify articles published through April 2021, for studies comparing exercise training to a control condition, on inflammatory markers including CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and adiponectin in postmenopausal women. Randomized or non-randomized controlled trials of exercise training were included according to the following criteria: (A) English language articles; (B) involving women participants who were post-menopausal; (C) providing measures of inflammatory markers including IL-6, TNF-α, CRP or adiponectin at baseline and after completion of the intervention; (D) an exercise training intervention duration of ≥4 weeks. RESULTS Results were extracted from the included studies and standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Thirty-two studies (representing 38 intervention groups) involving 1510 postmenopausal women were retrieved from the databases for analyses. Overall, exercise training significantly reduced IL-6 [-0.75 (95% CI: -1.07 to -0.42), p < 0.001; 20 interventions], TNF-α [-0.64 (95% CI: -0.91 to -0.37), p < 0.001; 24 interventions] and CRP [-0.64 (95%CI: -0.91 to -0.38), p < 0.001; 21 interventions] and increase adiponectin [0.98 (95% CI: 0.10 to 1.86), p = 0.02; 6 interventions], when compared with control. Furthermore, subgroup analyses suggested that aerobic, resistance, and combined training significantly reduced IL-6, TNF-α and CRP (p < 0.05). Exercise training improved IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in both younger (age < 64 years) and older (age ≥ 64 years) participants (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise training may be an effective intervention for reducing pro-inflammatory markers and increasing adiponectin in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Malandish
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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Stojanović MDM, Mikić MJ, Milošević Z, Vuković J, Jezdimirović T, Vučetić V. Effects of Chair-Based, Low-Load Elastic Band Resistance Training on Functional Fitness and Metabolic Biomarkers in Older Women. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2021; 20:133-141. [PMID: 33707996 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Strength training can improve myriad health parameters in elderly cohorts. Although potentially more appropriate for the elderly, low-load resistance training protocols have been less investigated. We aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of chair-based, low-load resistance training with elastic band (EBT) on functional fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women. One hundred sixty-eight women were allocated randomly to an elastic band resistance training (EBT, n = 86, 75.7 ± 8.9 years, 71.3 ± 12.2 kg) or a control group (CON, n = 82, 74.5 ± 8.2years, 70.6 ± 12.0 kg). RT protocol consisted of periodized chair-based, low-load whole-body resistance exercises (2 sets, 12-15 repetitions, 40-60% of one repetition maximum-1RM) using an elastic band, twice weekly for 12 weeks. The resistance training program was generally designed to maintain internal load over time, provided with increasing intensity using various elastic bands (Thera-Band). Functional fitness (30-s Chair Stand,30-s Arm Curl, 2-min Step Test, Chair Sit-and-Reach, Back Scratch, 8-Foot Up-and-Go, Handgrip Strength) and metabolic markers (Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein) were measured before and after the training period. To detect pre/post intervention changes and between group- differences 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA was applied. Significant improvements over time for all fitness variables for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 12.78, p < 0.05 for 30-s Chair Stand; F = 14.04, p < 0.05 for 30-s Arm Curl; F = 5.18, p < 0.05 for 2-min Step Test; F = 10.90, p < 0.05 for Chair Sit-and-Reach; F = 16.57, p < 0.05 for Back Scratch; F = 11.79, p < 0.05 for 8-foot Up-and-Go; and F = 29.25, p < 0.05 for Handgrip Strength). In addition, significant improvements over time for all but one (triglycerides) biomarkers for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 7.30, p < 0.05 for blood sugar levels; F = 13.36, p < 0.05 for total cholesterol; F = 8.61, p < 0.05 for HDL; and F = 11.53, p < 0.05 for LDL). Furthermore, the participants' adherence to training sessions of over 90% was reported. In conclusion, 12 weeks of EBT is safe and beneficial for improving health-related fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women and seems to be viable model to ensure a high training adherence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko D M Stojanović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Advanced Rehab & Conditioning Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mladen J Mikić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Advanced Rehab & Conditioning Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milošević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovan Vuković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Jezdimirović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Alonso-Domínguez R, Sánchez-Aguadero N, Llamas-Ramos I, Lugones-Sánchez C, González-Sánchez S, Gómez-Marcos MA, García-Ortiz L. Effect of an intensive intervention on the increase of physical activity and the decrease of sedentary lifestyle in inactive postmenopausal. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:2064-2072. [PMID: 33481300 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the transition to menopause, women experience different psychological, hormonal, and physical alterations that can affect their health. Physical activity is considered an important strategy in the prevention and control of such changes. AIM To evaluate the short-term effect of an intensive intervention, based on a combined exercise programme using a Smartband, on the increase of physical activity and the decrease of sedentary lifestyle in postmenopausal and inactive women. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups. METHODS In total, 100 postmenopausal and inactive women aged 45-70 years will be randomized to a control group or an intervention group. Both groups will be given a standardized advice about physical activity. The intervention group will carry out a supervised 12-week programme of aerobic and muscle strengthening exercise; moreover, the women in this group will receive a Smartband to assist them in the intervention. The main result will be the increase of physical activity and the decrease of sedentary lifestyle, measured with an accelerometer for 1 week. This programme will be conducted by a nurse and a physiotherapist of the health centre. The study was approved by the Drug Research Ethics Committee of the Salamanca Health Service on 15 February 2019. The project was funded by the Autonomous Government of Castile and Leon and by the Carlos III Health Institute. DISCUSSION Physical activity is an important strategy to consider when addressing the changes caused by menopause, although the current evidence shows that further studies should be carried out with longer intervention periods and new technologies. IMPACT This study will allow determining the effectiveness of the intensive intervention based on a combined programme of physical activity using a Smartband in postmenopausal and inactive women. TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov with identifying code NCT03872258.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Alonso-Domínguez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Castile and Leon Health Service (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Natalia Sánchez-Aguadero
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Castile and Leon Health Service (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inés Llamas-Ramos
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Castile and Leon Health Service (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Lugones-Sánchez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Castile and Leon Health Service (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana González-Sánchez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Castile and Leon Health Service (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel A Gómez-Marcos
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Castile and Leon Health Service (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain.,Iberian Network on Arterial Structure, Central Hemodynamics and Neurocognition, Portugal, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Castile and Leon Health Service (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain.,Iberian Network on Arterial Structure, Central Hemodynamics and Neurocognition, Portugal, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Resistance Training as a Countermeasure for Key Non-communicable Diseases in Low-Resource Settings: A Review. Asian J Sports Med 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for 60% of global deaths. Of these NCD-attributable deaths, about 80% are in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). The role of exercise in major NCDs is evident; however, popular and cost-effective aerobic modes of exercise, such as walking, consistently do not meet minimum intensity guidelines for health improvement. Interestingly, low-cost resistance training (using callisthenics, Pilates, elastic tubing, etc.) has proven equally effective to conventional resistance training using weight machines in improving several health parameters related to NCDs, although their effectiveness in LMICs is not as well documented as in high-income countries (HICs). Objectives: This review aimed to examine low-cost approaches of resistance training to health promotion, NCD risk reduction, and NCD rehabilitation/management to mitigate the epidemic of NCDs in lower-resource settings. Methods: An electronic search was performed on the following databases from inception until December 2019: PubMed/Medline, Sport Discuss, Embase, Science Direct, Current Contents, CISTI Source, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL EBM Reviews, and international e-catalogues. Results: Data on resistance training provision cost in low-resource settings indicates that it is not reasonable to use this mode of training in low-resource settings in the same way as it is used in high-resource ones. This review summarized some strategies which can be employed to ensure the delivery of all core resistance training components in low-resource settings. The data suggests that resistance training be adapted for delivery in non-clinical settings in LMICs. Conclusions: Program design variables of resistance training are similar in low- and well-resourced settings. However, only individuals with low-risk will be able to perform exercise without adverse consequences in home-based settings. Health care practitioners in LMICs should take an active role in promoting resistance training when promoting health, reducing NCD risk, and NCD rehabilitation.
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Roh HT, Cho SY, So WY. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Effects of Resistance Exercise on Inflammation and Neurotrophic Factors in Elderly Women with Obesity. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030842. [PMID: 32244926 PMCID: PMC7141497 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Aging lowers brain functionality, and obesity accelerates this process. Resistance exercise can help reverse aging; however, studies examining how it affects brain function and body mass are limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance exercise on inflammation and neurotrophic factors in elderly women with obesity. METHODS Twenty-six elderly women with obesity were selected for this study and randomly assigned into a control group (CG, n = 13) and an experimental group (EG, n = 13). The EG performed resistance training thrice weekly for 12 weeks using elastic bands, while the CG did not exercise. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)) and nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and eotaxin-1 levels were analyzed before and after the intervention. Body composition (soft lean mass (SLM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat mass (BFM), percent body fat (PBF), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), basal metabolic rates (BMR)) measurements and blood tests were performed. RESULTS Among the body composition variables, SLM, SMM, and BMR in the EG were significantly increased after intervention (p < 0.05). Serum lipid profile was not significantly different after intervention (p > 0.05). After intervention, the levels of NF-κB, IFN-γ, and eotaxin-1 were significantly lower and BDNF and VEGF were significantly higher in the EG than in the CG (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS These results imply that regular resistance training in elderly women with obesity can increase muscle mass, reduce inflammation, and stimulate neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Tae Roh
- Department of Physical Education, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
| | - Su-Youn Cho
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (W.-Y.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2123-3199 (S.-Y.C.); +82-43-841-5993 (W.-Y.S.); Fax: +82-2-2123-3165 (S.-Y.C.); +82-43-841-5990 (W.-Y.S.)
| | - Wi-Young So
- Sports and Health Care Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27469, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (W.-Y.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2123-3199 (S.-Y.C.); +82-43-841-5993 (W.-Y.S.); Fax: +82-2-2123-3165 (S.-Y.C.); +82-43-841-5990 (W.-Y.S.)
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ROTARIU M, TURNEA M, IONITE C. A different approach to the use of elastic bands in the recovery of lower lumbar discopathy. BALNEO RESEARCH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2019.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Lower lumbar discopathies are in continuous growth among both young people and elderly. Causes that have led to an increase in the incidence of this pathology include: lack of exercise, nutrition, excessive use of computers and mobile phones, etc. The increased incidence of pathology led us to identify an attractive kinetotherapeutic treatment protocol that initially reduced the symptoms of this condition, and subsequently allowed the patients’ complete recovery.
The present study was conducted on 33 patients diagnosed with lower lumbar discopathy. They received two evaluations, and between these, the patients performed a kinetic program consisting of elastic band exercises along with general neuroproprioceptive muscle relaxation techniques.
The data obtained were inventoried and processed using statistical programs. The comparison of the initial and final results, as well as the data obtained from statistical processing showed an improvement of the symptomatology and the orientation of patients towards a complete recovery.
Key words: lower lumbar discopathy, elastic bands, treatment protocol, statistical analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana ROTARIU
- “Grigore T Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Marius TURNEA
- “Grigore T Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Catalin IONITE
- “Grigore T Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
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