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MenezesdaSilva GM, Veiga ECDA, Simões MJ, Simões RS, Shiroma ME, Baracat MCP, Cavalcanti GS, Junior JMS, Baracat EC. Effects of estrogen and raloxifene on synaptic density in the hippocampal CA1 region of ovariectomized rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100312. [PMID: 38016196 PMCID: PMC10698248 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The CA1 region of the hippocampus has an important role in learning and memory. It has been shown that estrogen deficiency may reduce the synaptic density in the region and that hormone replacement therapy may attenuate the reduction. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of estrogen and raloxifene on the synaptic density profile in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Sixty ovariectomized three-month-old virgin rats were randomized into six groups (n = 10). Treatments started either three days (early treatment) or sixty days (late treatment) after ovariectomy. The groups received propylene glycol vehicle (0.5 mL/animal/day), equine conjugated estrogens (50 μg/animal/day), or raloxifene (3 mg/kg/day) either early or late after ovariectomy. The drugs were administered orally by gavage for 30 days. At the end of the treatments, the animals were anesthetized and transcardially perfused with ether and saline solution. The brains were removed and prepared for analysis under transmission electron microscopy and later fixed. RESULTS Results showed a significant increase in the synaptic density profile of the hippocampal CA1 region in both the early estrogen (0.534 ± 0.026 µ/m2) and the early raloxifene (0.437 ± 0.012 µ/m2) treatment groups compared to the early or late vehicle-treated control groups (0.338 ± 0.038 µ/m2 and 0.277 ± 0.015 µ/m2 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that the raloxifene effect may be lower than that of estrogen, even early or late treatment, on synaptic density in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Mara MenezesdaSilva
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carvalho de Arruda Veiga
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Manuel Jesus Simões
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Celular do Departamento de Morfologia da Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Eiji Shiroma
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cândida Pinheiro Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Givanna Santos Cavalcanti
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Maria Soares Junior
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Swallah MS, Yang X, Li J, Korese JK, Wang S, Fan H, Yu H, Huang Q. The Pros and Cons of Soybean Bioactive Compounds: An Overview. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2062763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Processing, Soybean Research & Development Centre, Chinese Agricultural Research SystemDivision of Soybean, Changchun, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Processing, Soybean Research & Development Centre, Chinese Agricultural Research SystemDivision of Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Processing, Soybean Research & Development Centre, Chinese Agricultural Research SystemDivision of Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Joseph Kudadam Korese
- Agricultural Mechanization and Irrigation Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development StudiesDepartment of, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Sainan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Processing, Soybean Research & Development Centre, Chinese Agricultural Research SystemDivision of Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Hongliang Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Processing, Soybean Research & Development Centre, Chinese Agricultural Research SystemDivision of Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Processing, Soybean Research & Development Centre, Chinese Agricultural Research SystemDivision of Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key, Hefei, China
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Franco PC, Simões RS, Carbonel AAF, Sasso GRDS, Florencio-Silva R, Baracat EC, Girão MBC, Soares Júnior JM, Simões MDJ. The influence of phytoestrogens or estrogens on the proliferation of the rat endocervical mucosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:174-179. [PMID: 32428152 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.2.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although estrogen therapy is widely used against post-menopausal symptoms, it can present adverse effects, including endometrial cancer. Soy isoflavones are considered a possible alternative to estrogen therapy. However, there are still concerns whether isoflavones exert trophic effects on the uterine cervix. To evaluate the histomorphometric and immunohistochemical alterations in the uterine cervix of ovariectomized rats treated with soy isoflavones (Iso). METHODS Fifteen adult Wistar rats were ovariectomized (Ovx) and divided into three groups: Group I (Ovx), administered with vehicle solution; Group II (OVX-Iso), administered with concentrated extract of Iso (150 mg/kg) by gavage; and Group III (OVX-E2), treated with 17β-estradiol (10 µg/kg), subcutaneously. After 30 days of treatments, the uterine cervix was fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for paraffin-embedding. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin for morphological and morphometric studies or subjected to immunohistochemistry for detections of Ki-67 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegf-A). The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS We noted an atrophic uterine cervix in GI, whereas it was more voluminous in GII and even more voluminous in GIII. The thickness of the cervical mucosa was significantly higher in GIII, as compared to GI and GII. The cell proliferation (Ki-67) was significantly elevated in the estradiol and isoflavones treated groups, whereas Vegf-A immunoexpression was significantly higher in GIII, as compared to groups GII and GI. CONCLUSIONS Soy isoflavones cause less trophic and proliferative effects in the uterine cervix of rats as compared to estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Celso Franco
- . Departamento de Morfologia e Genética - Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/Unifesp - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- . Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Adriana Aparecida Ferraz Carbonel
- . Departamento de Morfologia e Genética - Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/Unifesp - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- . Departamento de Ginecologia - Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/Unifesp - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rinaldo Florencio-Silva
- . Departamento de Morfologia e Genética - Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/Unifesp - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- . Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Manoel Batista Castello Girão
- . Departamento de Ginecologia - Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/Unifesp - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - José Maria Soares Júnior
- . Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- . Departamento de Morfologia e Genética - Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM/Unifesp - São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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You S, Liu S, Dong X, Li H, Zhu Y, Hu L. Intravaginal Administration of Human Type III Collagen-Derived Biomaterial with High Cell-Adhesion Activity to Treat Vaginal Atrophy in Rats. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1977-1988. [PMID: 33455320 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road No. 76, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shuaibin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road No. 76, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road No. 76, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road No. 76, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road No. 76, Chongqing 400010, China
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Carbonel AAF, Vieira MC, Simões RS, Lima PDA, Fuchs LFP, Girão ERC, Cicivizzo GP, Sasso GRS, de Moraes LOC, Soares Junior JM, Baracat EC, Simões MJ, Girão MJBC. Isoflavones improve collagen I and glycosaminoglycans and prevent bone loss in type 1 diabetic rats. Climacteric 2019; 23:75-83. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1627314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. F. Carbonel
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. C. Vieira
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. S. Simões
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo – FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P. D. A. Lima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L. F. P. Fuchs
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E. R. C. Girão
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. P. Cicivizzo
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. R. S. Sasso
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L. O. Carvalho de Moraes
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J. M. Soares Junior
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo – FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E. C. Baracat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo – FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. J. Simões
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. J. B. C. Girão
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lopes CMC, Lazzarini JR, Soares Júnior JM, Baracat EC. Phytotherapy: yesterday, today, and forever? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:765-768. [PMID: 30672993 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.09.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ceci Mendes Carvalho Lopes
- . Assistant Professor and Doctor of the Clínica Ginecológica of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brasil
| | | | - José Maria Soares Júnior
- . Associate Professor of Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo USP, São Paulo/SP, Brasil
| | - Edmund C Baracat
- . Full Professor of Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo USP, São Paulo/SP, Brasil
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Khoshvaghti H, Altunkaynak BZ. The effects of bortezomib on the ovariectomy applied rat uterus: A histopathological, stereological, and immunohistochemical study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:1118-1125. [PMID: 30483384 PMCID: PMC6251398 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.24756.6152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): In this study, potential protective effects of Bortezomib (Bort), as a proteasome inhibitor, were investigated on the uterus of ovariectomized rats by histological, morphometric and immunohistochemical methods. Materials and Methods: In this study, 18 Sprague dawley strain female rats (12 weeks old, 250-300 g body weight) were used. Animals in the control group (Cont, n=6) were not exposed to any treatment. Ovariectomy was performed on the experimental groups. They (n=12) were divided into ovariectomy (Ovt, n=6) and Bortezomib (Bort, n=6) subgroups. Twelve weeks later, the rats were perfused. Then, uterine tissues were removed and examined by morphometrical, and light and electron microscopy methods. In addition, immunoreactivity of nuclear factor-kappa (NF-κB) was evaluated. Results: Morphometric and histopathological evaluations showed that Bort was effective in the uterus and protects the layer structures and the cells. Conclusion: In the light of these findings, we suggest that for proteasome inhibitor particularly Bort is thought to be useful through proteasome inhibition and NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Khoshvaghti
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, İstanbul Okan University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Herb Formula ZhenRongDan Balances Sex Hormones, Modulates Organ Atrophy, and Restores ER α and ER β Expressions in Ovariectomized Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5896398. [PMID: 30008786 PMCID: PMC6020479 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5896398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herb mixtures are widely used for treatment of the menopausal syndrome long before the hormonal therapy. However, there is insufficient data for herb remedies in treating menopausal syndromes. Here we aim to investigate the effect of ZhenRongDan (ZRD) in balancing female hormones, regulating expression of estrogen receptors (ERs), and preventing organ atrophy in menopausal rats. Rats that underwent bilateral ovariectomy were used in the experiments; the effects of ZRD on serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and estradiol (E2) levels were observed. Histology of vagina and ERs expression in vagina, uterus, and adrenal gland were also examined. ELISAs were used to analyze the changes of FSH, LH, PRL, and E2 in serum, and the morphological changes of the cervical epithelium cells were observed by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were applied to detect estrogen receptors subtypes alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) expression in vagina, uterus, and adrenal gland. We found that ZRD could significantly reduce the weight of the adrenal gland and increase the weight of the uterus. It could decrease the release of FSH and LH as well as increasing E2 and PRL levels. Furthermore, ZRD could improve the number of cervical vaginal epithelial cells and increase the thickness of the vaginal wall. And the altered expressions of ERα and ERβ are also restored by ZRD. ZRD could obviously relieve the endocrine disorders, modulate organ atrophy, and restore ERα and ERβ expression in the ovariectomized rat model.
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Carbonel AAF, Lima PDA, Lim JJ, Fuchs LFP, Paiotti APR, Sasso GRDS, Simões RS, Soares Junior JM, Baracat EC, Simões MDJ. The effects of soybean isoflavones and 17β-estradiol in uterus and mammary glands of diabetic rat models. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:314-319. [PMID: 29092637 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1393510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of soy isoflavones and 17 beta estradiol on the extracellular matrix in the uterus and mammary gland of diabetic rats. Sixty adult female rats underwent ovariectomy, then randomized into seven groups of ten animals each: Non-diabetic: GI Sham control animals ovariectomized; and GII control ovariectomized that received propylene glycol vehicle. Diabetic: GIII Sham control diabetic animals ovariectomized; GIV ovariectomized diabetic animals receiving propylene glycol vehicle; GV diabetic ovariectomized animals treated with soy isoflavones (150 mg/kg by gavage); GVI ovariectomized diabetic rats treated with estrogen (17b-estradiol, 10 mg/kg, subcutaneously); GVII diabetic ovariectomized animals treated with soy isoflavones (150 mg/kg by gavage), and with estrogen (17b-estradiol, 10 mg/kg combination therapy). Treatments occurred during 30 consecutive days. After animals euthanasia, a portion of the uterus was immersed in liquid nitrogen for molecular biology analysis, the other portion of uterus and mammary glands were removed and processed for paraffin embedding. Soy isoflavones (GV) and 17b estradiol improved the production of compounds of extracellular matrix, such as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs). The combination of both therapies had an additive effect in SLRPs expression. Soy isoflavones contribute to the uterine integrity of SLRPs of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jung Jin Lim
- c Infertility Medical Center, CHA University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Luiz Fernando Portugal Fuchs
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo - FMUSP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro Paiotti
- e Department Pathology , Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo - FMUSP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - José Maria Soares Junior
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo - FMUSP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo - FMUSP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- a Department of Gynecology , Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
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F Carbonel AA, Azevedo Lima PD, Lim JJ, Teixeira Borges F, Rodrigues da Silva Sasso G, Portugal Fuchs LF, S Simões R, Chada Baracat E, Soares JM, J Simões M. Effects of soy isoflavones on the concentration of hyaluronic acid in the vagina of type 1 diabetic rats. Climacteric 2017; 20:564-570. [PMID: 28866964 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1366977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of isoflavones and 17β-estradiol on the vaginal epithelium extracellular matrix and hyaluronic acid (HA) in the diabetic rat model. METHODS Sixty adult, virgin, female rats underwent ovariectomy, then randomization into six groups of ten animals each: GI, sham ovariectomized control animals; GII, sham ovariectomized control diabetic animals; GIII, control ovariectomized rats receiving propylene glycol vehicle; GIV, control ovariectomized diabetic animals receiving propylene glycol vehicle; GV, diabetic ovariectomized animals treated with soy isoflavones (150 mg/kg by gavage); GVI, ovariectomized diabetic rats treated with estrogen (17β-estradiol, 10 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Treatment took place over 30 consecutive days. After euthanasia, a portion of the vagina was immersed in liquid nitrogen for RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Another portion was processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin for histomorphometry and Picro Sirius Red for collagen quantification. RESULTS Vaginal epithelium histomorphometry in GIII (15.3 ± 1.1 µm) and GIV (14.5 ± 1.8 µm) was thinner than in GV (41.3 ± 1.5 µm) and GVI (74.3 ± 1.6 µm). There was an increase in collagen content in GV (84.1 ± 1.2 µm) and GVI (88.2 ± 1.7 µm). HA quantification was higher in GV (0.38 ± 1.1 μg/mg) and GVI (0.49 ± 1.4 μg/mg) when compared with GIII (0.12 ± 1.1 μg/mg) and GIV (0.10 ± 1.2 μg/mg), p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Soy isoflavones increase hyaluronic acid concentration in the vagina of diabetic ovariectomized rats. Such findings might help to attenuate the effects of vulvovaginal atrophy in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A F Carbonel
- a Department of Morphology and Genetics , Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo, EPM/UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - P D Azevedo Lima
- b Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada
| | - J J Lim
- b Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada
| | - F Teixeira Borges
- c Department of Nephrology , Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo, EPM/UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - G Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- a Department of Morphology and Genetics , Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo, EPM/UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - L F Portugal Fuchs
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo, FMUSP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - R S Simões
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo, FMUSP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - E Chada Baracat
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo, FMUSP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - J M Soares
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo, FMUSP , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - M J Simões
- a Department of Morphology and Genetics , Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo, EPM/UNIFESP , São Paulo , Brazil
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Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food supplements containing isolated isoflavones. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Effects of a soy-based dietary supplement compared with low-dose hormone therapy on the urogenital system. Menopause 2015; 22:741-9. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Carbonel AAF, Calió ML, Santos MA, Bertoncini CRA, Sasso GDS, Simões RS, Simões MJ, Soares JM. Soybean isoflavones attenuate the expression of genes related to endometrial cancer risk. Climacteric 2015; 18:389-98. [PMID: 25242508 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.964671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether genistein or estrogen treatment has the same effect when administered immediately or late to rats induced with menopause using ovariectomy. METHODS Sixty adult female rats were divided into six treatment groups: GI = vehicle immediately after ovariectomy; GII = vehicle 30 days after ovariectomy; GIII = genistein immediately after ovariectomy; GIV = genistein 30 days after ovariectomy; GV = estrogen immediately after ovariectomy; and GVI = estrogen 30 days after ovariectomy. All animals were treated for 30 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment, part of the uteri was removed for subsequent histological studies and another part was used to evaluate estrogen receptors 1 and 2, cell proliferation (cyclin A1 and A2, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors 1, 1B and 2, antigen identified by the monoclonal antibody Ki67) and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-A) gene expression. RESULTS Late treatment after castration in rats resulted in more developed endometrium, enhanced cell proliferation and estrogen-signalling pathways, particularly the cyclin-related genes Ki67 and VEGF-A, compared to early treatment. Interestingly, these same effects were less intense with genistein compared to those induced by estrogen, especially when genistein was administered late. CONCLUSION Our data show that isoflavone renders a lower risk of cancer when compared to estrogen in treatments.
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Teixeira CP, Simões RS, Santos MA, Calió ML, Soares JM, Simões MJ, Bertoncini CRA, Higa EMS, Carbonel AF. Soybean concentrated extract counteracts oxidative stress in the uterus of rats. Climacteric 2014; 17:402-9. [PMID: 24156246 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2013.856402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of soy isoflavone extract in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in the uterus of ovariectomized rats. METHODS Twenty 3-month-old adult female Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups: GI: sham-operated (estrous phase); GII: control ovariectomized rats; GIII: ovariectomized rats treated with genistein (50 μg/kg/day) by gavage; GIV: ovariectomized rats subcutaneously treated with estrogen (10 μg/kg/day). After 30 consecutive days of treatment, the rats were euthanized and the uterus removed. The distal thirds of the uterine horns were processed for histomorphometric analyses of endometrial and myometrial thicknesses and glandular area. Other regions of the uteri were kept in liquid nitrogen and subsequently processed for analysis of reactive species quantification (DCF), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid oxidation status (TBARS). Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA, complemented by the Tukey-Kramer test (p < 0.05). RESULTS GII and GIII exhibited lower endometrial thickness, glandular area and myometrial thickness than GI and GIV, while a higher myometrial thickness was observed in GIV compared with the other groups. Moreover, the isoflavone-treated group showed lower DCF and TBARS compared to GII, and also an improvement of TAC compared to GI and GIV. Despite the significant decrease in TBARS, no significant difference in DCF nor a decrease in TAC were observed in GIV when compared to GII. CONCLUSION Our data show that isoflavones improve antioxidant status and counteract oxidative stress, without promoting a trophic effect in the uterus of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Teixeira
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo
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Lombardi LA, Simões RS, Maganhin CC, Baracat MCP, Silva-Sasso GR, Florencio-Silva R, Soares Jr JM, Baracat EC. Immunohistochemical evaluation of proliferation, apoptosis and steroidogenic enzymes in the ovary of rats with polycystic ovary. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2014; 60:349-56. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.60.04.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of proliferative, apoptotic and steroidogenic enzyme markers in the ovaries of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: twenty rats were divided into two groups: GCtrl - estrous phase, and PCOS - with polycystic ovaries. The GCtrl animals were subjected to a lighting period from 7 am to 7 pm, while the animals with PCOS group remained with continuous lighting for 60 days. Subsequently, the animals were anesthetized, the ovaries were removed and fixed in 10% formaldehyde, prior to paraffin embedding. Sections were stained using H.E. or subjected to immunohistochemical methods for the detection of Ki-67, cleaved caspase-3, CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and CYP19A1. The results were analyzed using Student's t-test (p < 0,05). Results: morphological results showed evidence of interstitial cells originating from the inner theca cells of degenerating ovarian cysts in PCOS. Immunoexpression of Ki-67 was higher in the granulosa cells in GCtrl, and the theca interna cells in PCOS, while cleaved caspase-3 was higher in granulosa cells of ovarian cysts from PCOS and in the theca interna cells of GCtrl. Immunoreactivity of CYP11A1 in the theca interna, granulosa and interstitial cells was similar between the two groups, while CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 were higher in the granulosa and interstitial cells in the PCOS group. Conclusion: the results indicate that the interstitial cells are derived from the theca interna and that enzymatic changes occur in the theca interna and interstitial cells in ovaries of rats with PCOS, responsible for the high levels of androgens and estradiol.
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Uyar B, Sivrikoz ON, Ozdemir U, Dasbasi T, Sacar H. Histological investigation of the effect of soybean (Glycine max) extracts on the collagen layer and estrogen receptors in the skin of female rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2014; 69:854-61. [PMID: 25627999 PMCID: PMC4286672 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(12)11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of soybean extracts obtained using different extraction methods on the skin of female rats. METHOD A total of 64 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 equal groups. Various extracts were administered to the female rats by oral gavage for one month. The groups comprised carboxymethyl cellulose-free control, carboxymethyl cellulose-plus control, 100-mg/kg n-hexane extract, 200-mg/kg n-hexane extract, 100-mg/kg ethyl acetate extract, 200-mg/kg ethyl acetate extract, 100-mg/kg ethanol extract and 200-mg/kg ethanol extract groups. The thickness of the collagen layer and the number of estrogen receptor-positive cells were evaluated. RESULTS All the extract-treated groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the number of estrogen receptor-positive cells compared with the control groups. Regarding the thickness of the collagen layer, only the 200-mg/kg ethyl acetate extract-treated group showed a significant increase compared with the control groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that oral intake of three different total soybean extracts might have positive estrogenic effects on the skin and that only a high-dose ethyl acetate extract can increase the expression of collagen, which may prove to be beneficial for postmenopausal facial skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belkiz Uyar
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oya Nermin Sivrikoz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ozdemir
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Teslima Dasbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Handan Sacar
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey
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Francisco AMC, Carbonel AF, Simões RS, Soares JM, Baracat EC, Haidar MA. Do extracts of oral soybean augment the trophic effect of estrogen on the rat uterus? Climacteric 2013; 16:161-8. [PMID: 22762389 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.679168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether soybean extracts and estrogens present additive effects on adult rat uterus. METHODS Fifty ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into five equal groups of ten animals: Control, treated with vehicle; SE46 and SE120, treated with 46 and 120 mg/kg soybean concentrated extract (SE), respectively; EE, treated with conjugated equine estrogens (CE) 50 μg/kg; SE120 + EE, treated with 50 μg/kg (CE) plus 120 mg/kg SE. The substances were administered daily by gavage for 21 consecutive days. Thereafter the animals were weighed and killed by decapitation; trunk blood was collected for hormone determinations. Uteri were removed immediately and fixed in 10% formaldehyde, followed by dehydration, embedding in paraffin and 6-m sections staining with hematoxylin and eosin for histomorphometric analyses of myometrium and endometrium. After ANOVA analysis of the data, the study was complemented with the Tukey-Kramer test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The concentrated extract of soybean at high concentration (SE 120 kg/mg) and estrogens proved to have a trophic effect on the uterus (endometrium and myometrium) of castrated rats. In groups SE120, EE and SE120 + EE, all morphometric parameters examined (number of glands, eosinophils, blood vessels and the glandular area) were increased. No significant addictive effects of soybean extract plus estrogens were detected in the SE120 + EE group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that soy extract has a trophic effect on rat uterine structures. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with a concentrated soy extract in combination with conjugated estrogens had no addictive effect on the uterine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M C Francisco
- University of Vale do Sapucai - UNIVÁS, Gynecology, São Paulo, Brazil
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Simões RS, Oliveira-Filho RM, Nader HB, Baracat EC. Glycosaminoglycan profiles in the uterus of adult ovariectomized rats treated with estrogen and progestagen. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 165:265-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ferraz Carbonel AA, Simões RS, Rabelo Santos RHB, Pinheiro Baracat MC, Jesus Simões MD, Baracat EC, Soares Júnior JM. Efeitos das isoflavonas em altas doses sobre o útero da rata. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2011; 57:534-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302011000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Effects of high-dose isoflavones on rat uterus. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0104-4230(11)70107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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