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Alrefaie Z, Awad H, Alsolami K, Hamed EA. Uncoupling proteins: are they involved in vitamin D3 protective effect against high-fat diet-induced cardiac apoptosis in rats? Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:438-446. [PMID: 31794287 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1690526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) and vitamin D3 supplementation on cardiac apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac uncoupling proteins (UCPs) 2&3 expression. Forty rats were fed either (45%) or (10%) fat diet with or without vitamin D3 (500 U/kg/day) for 6 months, then cardiac tissue expression of Bax, Bcl2, Fas, Fas-L (markers for apoptotic pathways), TNF-α, MDA7, GPX1 (inflammatory and oxidative markers) and UCP 2&3 were assessed. Results revealed the enhancement of intrinsic and extrinsic cardiomyocyte apoptosis cascades and increased inflammatory and oxidative burdens on the heart in HFD rats. Downregulation of UCP2 and upregulation of UCP3 gene expression at 6 months. After vitamin D3 supplementation with HFD, cardiac apoptotic, inflammatory and oxidative markers were mitigated and expression of UCP3 was downregulated and UCP2 was upregulated. This work highlights the novel cardioprotective effect of vitamin D3 in the experimental model of HFD feeding through the downregulation of UCP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zienab Alrefaie
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam Awad
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadeejah Alsolami
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas A Hamed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Sági B, Peti A, Lakatos O, Gyimesi T, Sulyok E, Wittmann I, Csiky B. Pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, vascular stiffness and outcomes in chronic hemodialysis patients. Physiol Int 2020; 107:256-266. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveIn this observational study we addressed accelerated arteriosclerosis (AS) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on hemodialysis (HD) by measuring vascular stiffness (VS) parameters and attempted to relate them to pro-inflammatory and protective factors.Patients96 consecutive patients receiving regular HD were included. 20 adult patients without major renal, cardiovascular or metabolic morbidities served as controls.MethodsAS parameters (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity – PWV, aortic augmentation index – Aix) were measured by using applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor, AtCor Medical, Sidney). In addition to routine laboratory tests 25(OH) vitamin D3 (vitamin D3) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were quantified by immunometric assay; whereas fetuin-A, α-Klotho, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were determined by ELISA.ResultsPro-inflammatory biomarkers (hsCRP, TNF-α and TGF-β1) were markedly elevated (P < 0.01), while anti-inflammatory factors (fetuin-A: P < 0.05, α-Klotho: P < 0.01, vitamin D3: P < 0.01) significantly depressed in HD patients when compared to controls. PWV was significantly affected only by total cholesterol, fetuin-A and dialysis time. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that several clinical and laboratory parameters were associated with pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers rather than VS. The impact of baseline clinical and biochemical variables on outcome measures were also analyzed after three-year follow-up, and it was demonstrated that low levels of vitamin D, α-Klotho protein and fetuin-A were related to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, whereas all-cause mortality was associated with elevated hsCRP and depressed vitamin D.ConclusionsOur results provide additional information on the pathomechanism of accelerated AS in patients with CRF, and documented direct influence of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers on major outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Sági
- 1FMC Dialysis Center Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- 22nd Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - A. Peti
- 3Department of Laboratory Medicine, Siófok Hospital, Siófok, Hungary
| | - O. Lakatos
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - T. Gyimesi
- 22nd Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - E. Sulyok
- 5Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - I. Wittmann
- 22nd Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Botond Csiky
- 1FMC Dialysis Center Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- 22nd Department of Medicine and Nephrology-Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Guney G, Sener-Simsek B, Tokmak A, Yucel A, Buyukkagnici U, Yilmaz N, Engin-Ustun Y, Ozgu-Erdinc AS. Assessment of the Relationship between Serum Vitamin D and Osteocalcin Levels with Metabolic Syndrome in Non-Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Women. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019; 79:293-299. [PMID: 30880828 PMCID: PMC6414302 DOI: 10.1055/a-0767-6572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to compare serum vitamin D and osteocalcin levels in non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women with and without metabolic syndrome and to analyze the relationship between serum vitamin D and osteocalcin levels and the relationships between these two factors and other clinical/biochemical parameters.
Material and Method
This cross-sectional study was carried out in 191 postmenopausal non-osteoporotic (T-score > − 2.5) women. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. Blood samples were obtained and evaluated for 25-hydroxyvitamin D, osteocalcin, insulin resistance (using a homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA
1c
), calcium, phosphorus, deoxypyridinoline, thyroid-stimulating hormone, lipid profile, fasting insulin, fasting glucose and HbA
1c
levels. Demographic and laboratory parameters were recorded for each woman.
Results
Vitamin D was found to be lower in women with metabolic syndrome compared to controls (16.1 ± 11.2 vs. 20.4 ± 13.1 mg/dL; p = 0.013). Similarly, osteocalcin was found to be significantly lower in the metabolic syndrome group compared to the control group (4.2 ± 2.1 vs. 5.5 ± 3.0; p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between vitamin D and osteocalcin levels (r = 0.198; p = 0.008). There was an inverse correlation between vitamin D and some of the lipid parameters. However, osteocalcin levels were negatively correlated with C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, and HbA
1c
in both groups (p = 0.003, p = 0.001 and p = 0.048, respectively).
Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency is common in postmenopausal women, even in women who are non-osteoporotic. Serum levels of vitamin D are significantly decreased in cases with metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D may directly improve serum lipid profiles and may indirectly decrease insulin resistance and subclinical systemic inflammation through the impact on the metabolic functions of osteocalcin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurhan Guney
- Sakarya University Education and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Bilge Sener-Simsek
- University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Tokmak
- University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykan Yucel
- University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umran Buyukkagnici
- University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nafiye Yilmaz
- University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaprak Engin-Ustun
- University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Seval Ozgu-Erdinc
- University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
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Rejnmark L, Bislev LS, Cashman KD, Eiríksdottir G, Gaksch M, Grübler M, Grimnes G, Gudnason V, Lips P, Pilz S, van Schoor NM, Kiely M, Jorde R. Non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: A systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial data. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180512. [PMID: 28686645 PMCID: PMC5501555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of observational studies have reported harmful effects of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels on non-skeletal outcomes. We performed a systematic quantitative review on characteristics of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) included in meta-analyses (MAs) on non-skeletal effects of vitamin D supplementation. METHODS AND FINDINGS We identified systematic reviews (SR) reporting summary data in terms of MAs of RCTs on selected non-skeletal outcomes. For each outcome, we summarized the results from available SRs and scrutinized included RCTs for a number of predefined characteristics. We identified 54 SRs including data from 210 RCTs. Most MAs as well as the individual RCTs reported null-findings on risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, weight-loss, and malignant diseases. Beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation was reported in 1 of 4 MAs on depression, 2 of 9 MAs on blood pressure, 3 of 7 MAs on respiratory tract infections, and 8 of 12 MAs on mortality. Most RCTs have primarily been performed to determine skeletal outcomes, whereas non-skeletal effects have been assessed as secondary outcomes. Only one-third of the RCTs had low level of 25OHD as a criterion for inclusion and a mean baseline 25OHD level below 50 nmol/L was only present in less than half of the analyses. CONCLUSIONS Published RCTs have mostly been performed in populations without low 25OHD levels. The fact that most MAs on results from RCTs did not show a beneficial effect does not disprove the hypothesis suggested by observational findings on adverse health outcomes of low 25OHD levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rejnmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise Sofie Bislev
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kevin D. Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Martin Gaksch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Grübler
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Swiss Cardiovascular Centre Bern, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Natasja M. van Schoor
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rolf Jorde
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementation with vitamin D has received attention as a potential cardioprotective strategy. Biologically plausible mechanisms have been proposed to link vitamin D to coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention, and observational studies suggest an inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations and CHD. Few randomized clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation and CHD have been conducted, however, and no trial with CHD as the primary prespecified outcome has been completed. CONTENT A search was conducted in PubMed to find prospective studies of the use of vitamin D supplementation and its relationship to cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD). The exact search query was: ((vitamin D supplement*[Title/Abstract]) AND cardiovascular [Title/Abstract]) AND prospective [Title/Abstract]. This query yielded 42 results. "Randomized Controlled Trial" (article type) was used as a filter in a subsequent query with the same search terms. We review the evidence that vitamin D supplementation modifies coronary RFs, such as blood pressure, lipids, glucose tolerance, and/or affects the development of clinical CHD events. We address potential sources of confounding in observational epidemiologic studies of the relationship between serum 25OHD and CHD. We also address laboratory assay issues relevant to the reliable measurement of 25OHD. SUMMARY Most vitamin D supplementation trials have not demonstrated improvement in CVD, but they have tested relatively low vitamin D doses. Thus, the evidence remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for rigorous randomized trials of higher vitamin D doses with cardiovascular events as prespecified outcomes. While we await the results of ongoing trials, the recommended dietary allowances from the Institute of Medicine remain the best guidepost for nutritional requirements.
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Kositsawat J, Barry LC, Kuchel GA. C-reactive protein, vitamin D deficiency, and slow gait speed. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61:1574-9. [PMID: 23927858 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the independent and joint effects of C-reactive protein (CRP) and 25-OH vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels on mobility disability in older persons. DESIGN U.S. population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2001-2002). PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 50 and older (N = 1,826). MEASUREMENTS C-reactive protein (mg/dL), with high CRP defined as ≥ 0.2 mg/dL, and 25(OH)D levels (ng/mL) operationalized as severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL), deficiency (10-19.9 ng/mL), insufficiency (20-29.9 ng/mL), and normal (≥ 30 ng/mL). Mobility disability was operationalized as gait speed of <0.8 m/s while completing a 20-foot walk (6.1 m). RESULTS High CRP and low 25(OH)D levels were associated with slow gait speed. Individuals with high CRP levels and severe vitamin D deficiency were more likely to have slow gait speed than were those with neither risk factor (odds ratio = 3.54, 95% confidence interval = 1.42-8.84, P = .007). A significant positive association between vitamin D level and gait speed was found only in those with high CRP in stratified analyses. Whites and blacks showed similar findings as the overall population. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence of a potential joint effect of vitamin D and CRP on gait speed, suggesting that evaluation and correction of vitamin D levels may be especially important in individuals with high CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatupol Kositsawat
- University of Connecticut Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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