Classification of Mouth Corners in Asian Women

Prevalence and Correlation of Lip Shapes and Arch Forms in Primary Dentition of Children between 3-6 Years of Age: A Cross-sectional Study

Aims and background

The study of the morphology of soft tissues as well as hard tissues of the orofacial region holds prime importance. A very less information is known about the lips (soft tissues) and maxillo-mandibular arches (hard tissue structures) in primary dentition. Henceforth, there is a need to classify, find the prevalence and correlation of various lip shapes, and arch forms in primary dentition.

Materials and methods

A total of 135 children aged 3-6 years were assessed over a period of 6 months. Lip shapes were classified into three major types: type I (arched upper lip), type II (flat upper lip), and type III (atypical cases). The arch forms were classified into ovoid, square-shaped, and tapered. The data was analyzed using Chi-squared test.

Results

The prevalence of lip shapes includes: type Ib (43.70%), type IIb (34.07%), type IIa (14.07%), type Ia (7.41%), and type III (0.74%). Arch form prevalence for maxilla, ovoid (79.26%), tapered (16.30%), and square (4.44%) shaped arch form while for mandible, ovoid (57.04%), square (36.30%), and tapered (6.67%) arch form.

Conclusion

The most prevalent lip shapes were type Ib followed by type IIb and the most common arch form was ovoid followed by tapered for maxilla and square for mandible. There was no significant correlation found between lip shapes and arch forms in primary dentition.

Clinical significance

The knowledge of lip shapes in primary dentition would aid in rehabilitation of the abnormalities like cleft lip, electrical burns, etc., while the information on arch forms will support the fabrication of prefabricated appliances, correction of alveolar defects, etc.

How to cite this article

Anadeo P, Saxena A, Chauhan SP, et al. Prevalence and Correlation of Lip Shapes and Arch Forms in Primary Dentition of Children between 3-6 Years of Age: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(12):1418-1422.

CUPID Lip Lift: Advanced Lip Design Using the Deep Plane Upper Lip Lift and Simplified Corner Lift

BACKGROUND

Upper lip lift is achieved with a variety of techniques but many questions remain about the benefits and drawbacks of each technique. The CUPID deep plane or modified upper lip lift procedure has recently been introduced to help mitigate risk and optimize outcomes.

OBJECTIVES

The aims of this study were: (1) to better characterize and simplify the complex and artistic decision-making process involved in upper lip lift and corner lip lift; (2) to present a mathematical guide to maintain the natural balance of the upper lip, optimizing muscle function, and to indicate when to add a corner lift; and (3) to elucidate design elements, aging, and future treatment considerations.

METHODS

A PubMed (United States National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) search was performed in October 2021 for all journal articles published on upper lip lift and corner lip lifts. The search covered from 1950 to the present day in all languages and without exclusion criteria. Outcomes and the evolution of deep plane upper lip lift design over the last 6 years were analyzed.

RESULTS

By following the patterns demonstrated in over 2440 consecutive lip lifts, the authors have been better able to understand the nuances involved in proper design that will avoid acceleration of aging and exaggeration of appearance, and reduce the need for revision while maximizing results.

CONCLUSIONS

Upper lip lift design is more complex than most practitioners realize. The mathematical concept described herein makes it possible to obtain more aesthetically pleasing and consistent outcomes. This novel approach to lip lift design enables the practitioner to improve lip balance, facial harmony, and tooth show, and obtain adequate exposure of the lateral vermillion.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4

Lip enhancement and mouth corner lift with fillers and botulinum toxin A

Beautiful lips are responsible for facial attractiveness and a youthful appearance. During aging process, lips become thinner and the red lips borders get poor defined. Downturn of the corners of the mouth suggests negative emotions. Lip surgery and underlying pathology may result in asymmetries and lip incontinence. Minor invasive procedures with hyaluronic acid fillers and botulinum toxin A are versatile tools to improve appearance of the lips, restore function and improve psycho-social well-being. In this review, we discuss anatomy, safety concerns, injections techniques as well as esthetic and medical indications.