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Patrício D, Santiago J, Mano JF, Fardilha M. Organoids of the male reproductive system: Challenges, opportunities, and their potential use in fertility research. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1590. [PMID: 36442887 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are units of function of a given organ able to reproduce, in culture, a biological structure similar in architecture and function to its counterpart in vivo. Today, it is possible to develop an organoid from a fragment of tissue, a stem cell located in an adult organ, an embryonic stem cell, or an induced pluripotent stem cell. In the past decade, many organoids have been developed which mimic stomach, pancreas, liver and brain tissues, optic cups, among many others. Additionally, different male reproductive system organs have already been developed as organoids, including the prostate and testis. These 3D cultures may be of great importance for urological cancer research and have the potential to be used in fertility research for the study of spermatozoa production and maturation, germ cells-somatic cells interactions, and mechanisms of disease. They also provide an accurate preclinical pipeline for drug testing and discovery, as well as for the study of drug resistance. In this work, we revise the current knowledge on organoid technology and its use in healthcare and research, describe the male reproductive system organoids and other biomaterials already developed, and discuss their current application. Finally, we highlight the research gaps, challenges, and opportunities in the field and propose strategies to improve the use of organoids for the study of male infertility situations. This article is categorized under: Reproductive System Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Reproductive System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Patrício
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Santiago
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Dash BC, Korutla L, Vallabhajosyula P, Hsia HC. Unlocking the Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Wound Healing: The Next Frontier of Regenerative Medicine. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:622-638. [PMID: 34155919 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Nonhealing wounds are a significant burden for the health care system all over the world. Existing treatment options are not enough to promote healing, highlighting the urgent need for improved therapies. In addition, the current advancements in tissue-engineered skin constructs and stem cell-based therapies are facing significant hurdles due to the absence of a renewable source of functional cells. Recent Advances: Induced pluripotent stem cell technology (iPSC) is emerging as a novel tool to develop the next generation of personalized medicine for the treatment of chronic wounds. The iPSC provides unlimited access to various skin cells to generate complex personalized three-dimensional skin constructs for disease modeling and autologous grafts. Furthermore, the iPSC-based therapies can target distinct wound healing phases and have shown accelerating wound closure by enhancing angiogenesis, cell migration, tissue regeneration, and modulating inflammation. Critical Issues: Since the last decade, iPSC has been revolutionizing the field of wound healing and skin tissue engineering. Despite the current progress, safety and heterogeneity among iPSC lines are still major hurdles in addition to the lack of large animal studies. These challenges need to be addressed before translating an iPSC-based therapy to the clinic. Future Directions: Future considerations should be given to performing large animal studies to check the safety and efficiency of iPSC-based therapy in a wound healing setup. Furthermore, strategies should be developed to overcome variation between hiPSC lines, develop an efficient manufacturing process for iPSC-derived products, and generate complex skin constructs with vasculature and skin appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biraja C Dash
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laxminarayana Korutla
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Prashanth Vallabhajosyula
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Henry C Hsia
- Department of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Kim J, Lyu HZ, Jung C, Lee KM, Han SH, Lee JH, Cha M. Osteogenic Response of MC3T3-E1 and Raw264.7 in the 3D-Encapsulated Co-Culture Environment. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:387-397. [PMID: 33415675 PMCID: PMC8169729 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cultures recapitulate the physiological microenvironment and exhibit high concordance with in vivo conditions. Improving co-culture models with different kind of cell types cultured on a 3D scaffold can closely mimic the in vivo environment. In this study, we examined the osteogenic response of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and Raw264.7 mouse monocytes in a 3D-encapsulated co-culture environment composed of the Cellrix® 3D culture system, which provides a physiologically relevant environment. METHODS The Cellrix® 3D Bio-Gel scaffolds were used to individually culture or co-culture two type cells in 3D microenvironment. Under 3D culture conditions, osteoblastic behavior was evaluated with an ALP assay and staining. ACP assay and TRAP staining were used as osteoclastic behavior indicator. RESULTS Treatment with osteoblastic induction factors (+3F) and RANKL had on positively effect on alkaline phosphatase activity but significantly inhibited to acid phosphatase activity during osteoclastic differentiation in 3D co-culture. Interestingly, alkaline phosphatase activity or acid phosphatase activity in 3D co-culture was stimulated with opposite differentiation factors at an early stage of differentiation. We guess that these effects may be related to RANK-RANKL signaling, which is important in osteoblast regulation of osteoclasts. CONCLUSION In this study, the osteogenic response of 3D encapsulated pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and mouse monocyte Raw264.7 cells was successfully demonstrated. Our 3D culture conditions will be able to provide a foundation for developing a high-throughput in vitro bone model to study the effects of various drugs and other agents on molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungju Kim
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Medifab Co, Ltd., 70, Dusan-ro, Doksan-dong, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08584, South Korea
| | - Hao-Zhen Lyu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro 103, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Chisung Jung
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Medifab Co, Ltd., 70, Dusan-ro, Doksan-dong, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08584, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mee Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro 103, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Shi Huan Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro 103, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyup Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro 103, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Boramae-ro 5-gil 20, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
| | - Misun Cha
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Medifab Co, Ltd., 70, Dusan-ro, Doksan-dong, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08584, South Korea.
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Lee H, Son MY. Current Challenges Associated with the Use of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Organoids in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:9-20. [PMID: 33632980 PMCID: PMC7904522 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative advances in stem cell research have resulted in the development of organoids, which are widely used as in vitro models of human organ development and for disease. The long-term goals of scientists include the generation of high-quality organoids with properties like those of native organs, and to expand their use to a variety of applications such as drug discovery and organoid-based cell therapy. In particular, the combination of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived organoids with the recently developed genome engineering, biotechnology serve as an attractive platform in precision medicine. This review briefly summarizes the generation of organoids derived mostly from iPSCs without ethical issues, and describes the applications and technological advances of organoids under their differentiation and culture conditions. We also discuss the approaches to improve the organoid models, and how organoids can recapitulate mature organ systems of the human body for regenerative medicine. Finally, the future perspectives and remaining challenges in the field have been discussed to provide a better understanding of the potential applications of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea.,KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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