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Alshehri AA, Al Hadi AM, Alyami LHA, Al Sulaiman IN, Al Hadi EM, Al Hareth SY. The Prevalence and Awareness of Congenital External Ear Deformity among the School-Age Group: A Cross-Sectional Study. Facial Plast Surg 2024. [PMID: 39293484 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1790569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE Congenital outer ear deformities stem from a sequence of disturbances during fetal auricular cartilage embryonic development. A significant gap exists in understanding their prevalence among the school-age group in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study aims to address this knowledge gap to raise awareness about the impact of such disorders. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study targeted parents of children in the school-age group. A multistage cluster sampling technique was employed to ensure the representation of schools. A self-administered Google form survey was used. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). RESULTS Our study revealed that the majority were males (56.2%), aged 6 to 10 years (49.3%), and attended primary school (69.5%). Chronic illnesses were present in 7.1% of children, with hearing impairment most prevalent (25.9%). Congenital ear deformities affected 2.7% of children, primarily Stahl's ear (35.4%). Limited knowledge about these deformities was observed among respondents (30.3%), yet a significant majority (73.9%) expressed belief in the potential of community awareness to decrease deformity prevalence. The awareness levels were impacted by parental education but showed no significant association with the child's age, gender, or presence of chronic diseases. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the noteworthy occurrence of congenital ear deformities among the school-age group, coupled with a notable lack of awareness. Parental education emerges as a key factor influencing awareness levels. It is imperative to prioritize initiatives to bolster awareness and early detection to promote child health.
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Sulibhavi A, Reddy SP, Butts SC, Schmalbach CE. Ear Molding in Children-Timing, Technique, and Follow-up: A Systematic Review. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2024. [PMID: 38963392 DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2023.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonsurgical management of congenital ear anomalies using molding devices shows efficacy but lacks standardization of treatment protocols and outcome measures. Learning Objective: To compare ear molding techniques and identify factors related to treatment outcomes. Design Type: Systematic review of the literature (1990-2021). Methods: Studies reporting molding for congenital ear anomalies were assessed. PRISMA guidelines were used. Data extracted included: age at treatment initiation, treatment duration, correction rates, and complications. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and outcomes were compared using the Student t-test. Results: In total, 37 studies with 3,341 patients (mean patients per study, 95; range, 5-488) were included. Infants in whom treatment was initiated at 4.8 weeks (median, 3.7; range, 0.9-8.8 weeks) were treated for 5.1 weeks (median 4.7, range 2.6-7.6 weeks) with 11.0 months follow-up (median 11.4, range 1.4-21.0 months). Individualized devices (physician-customized) were used more (62.2% of studies) than commercial devices. No difference in correction (p = 0.44) or complication rates (p = 0.19) was identified between devices. Totally, 70.3% of studies reported complications and 40.5% of studies included long-term follow-up data. Conclusions: The available evidence supports initiating ear molding in the first weeks of life to be most effective, yet outcome data should be standardized in future studies to improve evidence quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Sulibhavi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sai P Reddy
- Lewiz Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sydney C Butts
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Cecelia E Schmalbach
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Nam HJ, Wee SY. Correction of Mild-to-Moderate Constricted Ear Abnormality Using Mustardé Suture, Cartilage Onlay Graft, and Transposition Flap: A Case Report. Arch Plast Surg 2023; 50:393-397. [PMID: 37564723 PMCID: PMC10411072 DOI: 10.1055/a-2073-4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Constricted ear has a prevalence of 5.2 to 10% among ear abnormalities, and various surgical methods are suggested for treatment. We introduce a case of a constricted ear treated with a simple method using a novel concept cartilage graft and transposition flap, along with the well-known Mustardé suture, which is used for pediatric patients with mild to moderate constricted ears of Tanzer classification type IIA. A 10-year-old female patient visited the hospital complaining of an abnormality in the congenital right ear. Surgical approach was planned under the diagnosis of Tanzer classification type IIA constricted right ear. Posterior helix onlay graft and perichondrocutaneous transposition flap using excessive helical cartilage were performed along with the Mustardé suture. In the immediate postoperative period, ear contour was improved, and it was well-maintained without recurrence until 6 months' follow-up. In conclusion, the combination of Mustardé suture, and cartilage onlay graft and perichondrocutaneous transposition flap in the mild to moderate constricted ear would be a useful surgical option, producing aesthetically good results in a simple and effective method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Jong Nam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Syeo Young Wee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi, Republic of Korea
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Dinis J, Junn A, Long A, Phillips S, Reategui A, Kaplan A, Alperovich M. Non-Surgical Correction of Congenital Ear Anomalies: A Critical Assessment of Caretaker Burdens and Aesthetic Outcomes. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:898-906. [PMID: 34608514 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital ear anomalies result from cartilage and skin compression in utero. They can be corrected in infancy before the cartilage hardens and loses its malleability. Caretaker burden of ear molding and its impact on esthetic outcomes has not been studied. METHODS Demographic and procedural variables were retrospectively collected for infants who underwent ear molding. Parents were surveyed regarding their experience, caretaker burden, and esthetic outcome. Outside physicians were provided with pre- and post-treatment photographs and asked to rate outcomes. A Likert scale was developed for responses and converted to a numeric score from 1 to 5 with 5 as the most desirable. RESULTS Seventy-four patients comprising 121 ears were included. Mean age at treatment was 20.1 ± 21.4 days with treatment duration of 21.1 ± 7.7 days. Parental participation in the survey was 70.1%. Questions that queried parents' experiences revealed a "very positive" experience with minor burden related to bathing and cleaning (Mean Likert Score 4.1, Range 1-5). Favorable parent-reported outcomes were obtained regarding anticipated social distress (4.28, 1-5), satisfaction with results (4.27, 1-5), and perception of final appearance (4.18, 1-5). Physician assessments of esthetic outcomes were slightly lower, but favorable between "somewhat effective" and "very effective" (3.46, 1-5). Earlier treatment trended favorably, but did not reach significance. Ear malformations had higher parent-reported satisfaction than ear deformations (4.75 ± 0.46 vs 4.21 ± 1.25, p = 0.025). CONCLUSION Despite the additional obligation for new parents, infant ear molding is rated low in terms of caretaker burden. Esthetic outcomes are excellent as assessed by parents and physicians. However, caretakers reported higher esthetic outcomes than physician evaluations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Dinis
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, 3rd Floor, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Alexandra Junn
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, 3rd Floor, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Aaron Long
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, 3rd Floor, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Sarah Phillips
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, 3rd Floor, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Alvaro Reategui
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, 3rd Floor, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Anna Kaplan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, 3rd Floor, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Michael Alperovich
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, Boardman Building, 3rd Floor, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
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How Do You Like Me Now? The Influence of "Likes" and Followers on Social Media in Plastic Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 149:1012-1022. [PMID: 35196270 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of "likes" and followers on social media is a surrogate marker for peer acceptance and popularity, but the influence of likes and followers on prospective plastic surgery patients has not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the number of followers or likes on social media has an impact on perceived surgeon competence or likelihood of recruiting new patients. METHODS A fictitious Instagram page was created with different permutations displaying different numbers of followers on the page. Similarly, fictitious Instagram posts were created displaying before-and-after results of ideal and suboptimal breast augmentation and gynecomastia surgery results, with the number of likes being the only variable. Using a crowdsourcing platform, survey responders rated surgeon competence and likelihood of patient recruitment based on the Instagram post. RESULTS A total of 4284 responses were collected. The number of followers or likes did not impact perceived surgeon competence or patient recruitment scores. Optimal surgical results consistently scored higher than suboptimal results, regardless of the number of likes. Almost half the responders were unable to identify the American Board of Plastic Surgery as the appropriate board certification for performing aesthetic breast or body surgery. CONCLUSIONS A high number of followers or likes, by itself, is unlikely to translate into higher likelihood of recruiting new patients. Overall, aesthetic results seem to be the most important driving force in receiving high competence scores and recruiting new patients, rather than social media presence or board certification.
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Saadi RA, Ziai K, Lighthall JG. A Novel Technique for Reconstruction of a Congenitally Absent Earlobe. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020; 101:NP358-NP361. [PMID: 33155853 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320971930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital anomalies of the external ear may present a reconstructive challenge, particularly when normal chondrocutaneous components of the auricle fail to develop. Our goal was to develop a novel technique for lobule reconstruction of a congenitally absent earlobe with photographic documentation of the technique. METHODS Informed consent for perioperative photography and publication of case details was obtained. A postauricular, turnover flap with ipsilateral conchal cartilage grafting was performed to reconstruct the lobule, and a superiorly based, postauricular, rotation advancement flap was used to close the donor site defect. RESULTS Perioperative photographs are included demonstrating technique and cosmetic results. CONCLUSIONS Malformations rarely involve the lobule or lower third of the ear primarily. Literature regarding lobule reconstruction for congenital malformations is scarce. We present a novel technique for lobule reconstruction of a congenitally absent earlobe performed in a single stage that avoids a visible neck scar and allows for simultaneous conchal cartilage harvest. The technique demonstrated satisfactory cosmesis regarding contour and overall appearance and these results remained stable at 1-year follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Saadi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 12310The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kasra Ziai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 12310The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jessyka G Lighthall
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 12310The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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