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Schafer RE, Fodor R, Marlar R, Jensen KK, Meyers A, Isakov R, Ferrando C, Rampazzo A, Gharb BB. Nonbinary and Transgender Male Patient Preferences for Gender-Affirming Top Surgery. Ann Plast Surg 2024:00000637-990000000-00506. [PMID: 38984723 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000004052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify patient preferences and outcomes of chest masculinization surgery in patients identifying as nonbinary versus transgender (trans-) males. METHODS Patients who underwent chest masculinization (2003-2022) were included. Demographics, medical comorbidities, surgical approaches, complications, secondary procedures, and BODY-Q chest module survey responses were compared between cohorts. RESULTS Three hundred two patients were included. Thirteen percent identified as nonbinary and 87% as trans-male. The most common surgical approach in both groups was double incision with free nipple-areola graft (63% vs 71%, P = 0.33). Nonbinary patients more frequently opted for double incision without free nipple areola graft compared to trans-male patients (18% vs 2.7%, P < 0.001). Other unique surgical requests of nonbinary patients included nipple areola preservation and small breast mound preservation (5.2%) and balance between losing bulk and achieving a more androgynous appearance (5.3%). The survey response rate was 31% (93/302). Both groups reported improved quality of life postoperatively (P = 0.16). Three nonbinary patients elected not to keep their nipple-areola complexes (P = 0.005). Trans-male patients were more likely to report having a male chest as very important for their gender identity (82% vs 95%, P = 0.043). Nonbinary patients were less likely to prefer small nipples (82% vs 95%, P = 0.033) and 18% stated that they preferred no nipples (vs 2.7% trans-male patients, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Nonbinary patients have distinct surgical preferences regarding nipple-areola complexes. Chest masculinization planning can differ for this group of patients compared to their trans-male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Schafer
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - R'ay Fodor
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Riley Marlar
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kate K Jensen
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Abigail Meyers
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Raymond Isakov
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Cecile Ferrando
- Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Antonio Rampazzo
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Falck FAOK, Dhejne CMU, Frisén LMM, Armuand GM. Subjective Experiences of Pregnancy, Delivery, and Nursing in Transgender Men and Non-Binary Individuals: A Qualitative Analysis of Gender and Mental Health Concerns. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1981-2002. [PMID: 38228983 PMCID: PMC11106200 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Studies of how gender-diverse individuals experience pregnancy, childbirth, and nursing remain few, mainly focus on the US and contain scarce information about mental health concerns peri-partum. This hinders informed reproductive health decisions and counseling. We used in-depth interviews to examine how gestational gender-diverse individuals in Sweden experience the process of planning and undergoing pregnancy, delivery, and nursing. In total, 12 participants, identifying on the masculine side of the gender spectrum or as non-binary, who had attended Swedish antenatal care and delivered a live birth, were included in the study. Data were analyzed using qualitative thematic content analysis. The analysis resulted in one overarching theme: sustaining gender congruence during pregnancy and three main categories: (1) considering pregnancy; (2) undergoing pregnancy and childbirth; and (3) postnatal reflections. The association between childbearing and being regarded as female permeated narratives. Participants renegotiated the feminine connotations of pregnancy, accessed gender-affirming treatment, and concealed their pregnancy to safeguard their gender congruence. Mis-gendering and breast enlargement triggered gender dysphoria. Social judgment, loneliness, information shortages, hormonal influence and cessation of testosterone increased gender dysphoria and strained their mental health. Depression exacerbated gender dysphoria and made it harder to claim one's gender identity. Dissociation was used to handle a feminized body, vaginal delivery, and nursing. Pregnancy was easier to envision and handle after masculinizing gender-affirming treatments. The results deepen the understanding of gender dysphoria and may be used to inform reproductive counseling and healthcare development. Research outcomes on mental health concerns provide a basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas A O K Falck
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Psychiatry Southwest, Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia M U Dhejne
- ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louise M M Frisén
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriela M Armuand
- School of Health and Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences 1, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
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Chen A, Garvey SR, Nanda AD, Friedman R, Jia E, Morgenstern M, Barron S, Tobias A, Cauley RP. Patient-Reported Outcomes on Subjective Nipple Sensation After Double-Incision and Periareolar Mastectomy for Chest Masculinization: Subjective Nipple Sensation After Chest Masculinization. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 92:383-388. [PMID: 38527342 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We evaluated patient-reported outcomes to assess for patient and procedural factors associated with postchest masculinization subjective nipple sensation. Patients who underwent double-incision or periareolar mastectomies for chest masculinization by a single senior surgeon (2015-2019) were surveyed at 2 time points regarding postoperative nipple sensation and satisfaction, including patient-reported outcomes using BODY-Q modules (Q-Portfolio.org). Demographic, operative, and postoperative variables were obtained from medical records. Patients were stratified according to survey responses. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.Response rate was 42% for survey 1 and 22% for survey 2. Of the 151 survey 1 responders, 138 (91.4%) received double-incision mastectomies and 13 (8.6%) received periareolar mastectomies. Among Survey 1 responders, 84.6% periareolar patients and 69.6% double-incision patients reported "completely" or "a little" nipple sensation preservation, and the difference trended toward significance (P = 0.0719). There was a stepwise increase in proportion of patients reporting sensation with greater recovery time until response to survey 1. Obesity (P = 0.0080) and greater tissue removed (P = 0.0247) were significantly associated with decreased nipple sensation. Nipple satisfaction scores were significantly higher for patients reporting improved nipple sensation (P = 0.0235). Responders to survey 2 who reported greater satisfaction with nipple sensation were significantly more likely to report preserved sensitivity to light touch (P = 0.0277), pressure (P = 0.0046), and temperature (P = 0.0031). Preserved erogenous sensation was also significantly associated with greater satisfaction (P = 0.0018).In conclusion, we found that nipple sensation may be associated with postoperative nipple satisfaction. Operative techniques to optimize nipple sensation preservation may improve this population's postoperative satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chen
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Shannon R Garvey
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Asha D Nanda
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Rosie Friedman
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Emmeline Jia
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Monica Morgenstern
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Sivana Barron
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA
| | - Adam Tobias
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ryan P Cauley
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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4
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Huber PD, Bittencourt RDC, Jeziorowski A. Masculinizing Mammoplasty for Female-to-Male Transgenders: 10 Years' Experience. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-03931-4. [PMID: 38472348 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-03931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Masculinizing mammoplasty is a surgical procedure frequently performed in transmale individuals. Despite providing a positive impact for the patient, this surgery has high rates of complications and revisions. In cases requiring a double incision, there are advantages in using an inferior pedicle when possible. METHODS This was an observational study. Outcomes and complications were analyzed in 104 patients operated on by the author using three techniques: concentric periareolar surgery, double incision with an areola graft, and double incision with an inferior areolar pedicle. The Breast-Q questionnaire adapted for transgender males was applied. RESULTS The responses of the adapted Breast-Q questionnaires demonstrated high scores regarding quality of life and satisfaction. The rates of complications and surgical revisions were 24.3 and 25.6%, respectively, with no significant difference between the techniques. The most common complication was hematoma (13.6%), which was positively associated with the use of testosterone. Ischemia of the nipple-areola complex was present in 8.7% of the operated breasts. When using the inferior pedicle, areola ischemia occurred more often when the nipple-fold distance was greater than 8 cm. CONCLUSIONS Quality of life, satisfaction, complications, and revisions were comparable to those observed in the literature. Hematoma was the most frequent complication, and an association with the use of testosterone was observed. When a double incision is indicated, the inferior pedicle is more advantageous than the areola graft; however, it should be used when the distance between the nipple and the inframammary fold is 8 cm or less. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Daniel Huber
- Private Practice at Hospital Union, Curitiba Paraná Brazil, Avenida Silva Jardim, 3888, Seminário, Curitiba, PR, 80.240-021, Brazil.
| | - Rogério de Castro Bittencourt
- Plastic Surgery Division, Hospital Santa Cruz, Curitiba Paraná Brazil, Avenida do Batel, 1230, Curitiba, PR, 80.420-090, Brazil
- Private Practice at Hospital Vita, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Private Practice at Hospital Marcelino Champagnat, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alan Jeziorowski
- Private Practice at Clínica St. Paul, Curitiba Paraná Brazil, Rua Desembargador Motta, 1275, Água Verde, Curitiba, PR, 80.420-190, Brazil
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Miszewska C, Van Boeckel V, Kittel L, Martin F, Nizet C, Nizet JL. Female-to-Male Chest Surgery in Transgender Patients: A Comparison Between 2 Different Techniques and a Satisfaction Study in a Single Center. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2024; 6:ojae009. [PMID: 38450024 PMCID: PMC10917456 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gender dysphoria is a distress caused by a mismatch between gender identity and the sex assigned at birth. About 0.5% of the population suffer from gender dysphoria, which represents 25 million people worldwide. Gender-affirming mastectomy is the most common procedure for female-to-male patients. Objectives The aim of this single-center retrospective study is to present the outcomes after mastectomy and to evaluate patient satisfaction using the BODY-Q questionnaire. Methods Several data regarding patient characteristics and surgery have been collected. A satisfaction survey has been sent to patients. Two groups, "NAC grafts" and "semicircular," have been compared for complications and satisfaction. Results A total of 103 patients have had a transgender mastectomy performed by 3 surgeons, representing 206 mastectomies. There were 5 wound infections (4.8%), 8 seromas (6.8%), 10 hematomas (6.8%), and 23 partial/total nipple areolar complex (NAC) necrosis (20.4%). The complication rates in this study are similar to others in the literature. Few studies express interest in patient satisfaction after this type of surgery and even fewer use a suitable questionnaire. Conclusions Transgender mastectomy is a safe and often necessary procedure to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from gender dysphoria. Nevertheless, there is currently no validated tool to assess postoperative satisfaction within this specific population group. Level of Evidence 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Miszewska
- Corresponding Author: Dr Claudia Miszewska, Zonienwoudlaan 251, Rhode Saint Genèse, Belgium. E-mail:
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Kim EJ, Stearns SA, Bustos VP, Engmann T, Dowlatshahi AS, Lee BT, Cauley R. Geographic Variability of Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery Centers and Costs of Hospitalization. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 92:92-96. [PMID: 38117049 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cost of gender-affirming surgery (GAS) is an important component of healthcare accessibility for transgender patients. However, GAS is often prohibitively expensive, particularly as there are inconsistencies in insurance coverages. Variability in hospital costs has been documented for other types of nonplastic surgery procedures; however, this analysis has not been done for GAS. To better understand the financial barriers impairing access to equitable transgender care, this study analyzes the distribution of hospitals that perform genital GAS and the associated costs of inpatient genital GAS. METHODS This is a study of the 2016-2019 National Inpatient Sample database. Transgender patients undergoing genital GAS were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, diagnosis and procedure codes, and patients undergoing concurrent chest wall GAS were excluded. Descriptive statistics were done on patient sociodemographic variables, hospital characteristics, and hospitalization costs. χ2 test was used to assess for differences between categorical variables and Mood's median test was used to assess for differences between continuous variable medians. RESULTS A total of 3590 weighted genital GAS encounters were identified. The Western region (50.8%) and Northeast (32.3%) performed the greatest proportion of GAS, compared with the Midwest (9.1%) and the South (8.0%) (P < 0.0001). The most common payment source was private insurance (62.8%), followed by public insurance (27.3%). There were significant differences in the variability of median hospital costs across regions (P < 0.0001). The South and Midwest had the greatest median cost for vaginoplasty ($19,935; interquartile range [IQR], $16,162-$23,561; P = 0.0009), while the West had the greatest median cost for phalloplasty ($26,799; IQR, $19,667-$30,826; P = 0.0152). Across both procedures, the Northeast had the lowest median cost ($11,421; IQR, $9155-$13,165 and $10,055; IQR, $9,013-$10,377, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There is significant regional variability in the number of GAS procedures performed and their associated hospitalization costs. The identified disparities in insurance coverage present an area of possible future improvement to alleviate the financial burden GAS presents to gender-discordant individuals. The variability in cost suggests a need to evaluate variations in care, leading to cost standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Kim
- From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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7
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Boskey ER, Jolly D, Kant JD, Ganor O. Prospective Evaluation of Psychosocial Changes After Chest Reconstruction in Transmasculine and Non-Binary Youth. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:503-509. [PMID: 37278674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to prospectively examine the effects of gender-affirming chest reconstruction on gender congruence and chest dysphoria in transmasculine and nonbinary adolescents and young adults. METHODS Individuals between the ages of 15-35 who were seeking gender-affirming chest surgery were enrolled as part of a broader, longitudinal study of transgender surgical experiences. Their chest dysphoria and gender congruence were measured at baseline, six months, and one year, using the Transgender Congruence and Chest Dysphoria scales. Repeated measures analysis of variance were used to detect differences in scores across assessment points. Where there were significant differences indicated, Tukey's honestly significant difference test was used to determine which differences in mean scores were significant between assessment points, as well as how results differed by demographic factors. RESULTS The analytical sample consisted of 153 individuals who had completed both the baseline and at least one follow-up assessment - 36 (24%) endorsing a nonbinary gender and 59 (38%) under the age of 18. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated significant differences in gender congruence, appearance congruence, and chest dysphoria between at least two assessment points for the total sample and each subgroup (binary/non-binary and adult/minor). Honestly significant difference tests indicated no significant differences between the postoperative assessments by age or binary gender. DISCUSSON Gender-affirming chest reconstruction improves gender and appearance congruence and reduces chest dysphoria in both non-binary and binary populations of adolescents and young adults. These data support the need to improve access to gender-affirming chest reconstruction for adolescents and young adults and to remove legislative and other barriers to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Boskey
- Center for Gender Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Divya Jolly
- Center for Gender Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica D Kant
- Center for Gender Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Oren Ganor
- Center for Gender Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Sundhagen HP, Opheim AB, Wæhre A, Oliver NK, Tønseth KA. Chest Wall Contouring in Transgender Men: A 20-Year Experience from a National Center. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e4952. [PMID: 37124388 PMCID: PMC10146532 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Several western countries have experienced a drastic increase of referrals to specialist gender services of transgender and gender-diverse people. Chest wall contouring is an important element in treatment of gender dysphoria. National data concerning this group have yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate the techniques and surgical outcome of chest wall contouring from the last 20 years from a single center in Norway. Methods This study is a retrospective review of all female-to-male patients who underwent chest wall contouring surgery at Oslo University Hospital between 2000 and 2020. Statistical analysis with comparison of techniques and evaluation of development over time was examined. Results In total, 333 patients underwent bilateral chest wall contouring, 209 (62.8%) with inframammary incision with free nipple graft (IM), and 124 (37.2%) with periareolar technique (PA). In 20 years, the average age decreased from 31 (19-68) to 24.9 years (17-61). Average body mass index was significantly lower in the PA-group than in the IM-group. Complication rate was 20.7%, with postoperative bleeding being the most frequent (9.6%). Revision surgery was required in 24.9% of the cases; periareolar technique required significantly more procedures. Conclusions The number of patients referred and operated on has increased drastically over a 20-year period. When comparing the techniques, the outcome concerning complications and revisions is at an acceptable level. Postoperative bleeding and revision surgery occur more often with the periareolar technique. There remains a knowledge gap concerning quality of life and satisfaction after surgery within this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Pisani Sundhagen
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Bøyum Opheim
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Wæhre
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Kristine Oliver
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim Alexander Tønseth
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Keuroghlian AS, Keatley J, Shaikh S, Radix AE. The context, science and practice of gender-affirming care. Nat Med 2022; 28:2464-2467. [PMID: 36522607 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Keuroghlian
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - JoAnne Keatley
- Innovative Response Globally for Transgender Women and HIV, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Simran Shaikh
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Asa E Radix
- Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, New York, NY, USA
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Medalie DA. Invited Discussion of "Evaluation of Life Improvement in Trans Men After Mastectomy: A Prospective Study Using the TRANS-Q". Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:2562-2563. [PMID: 35732980 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-02950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Medalie
- Cleveland Plastic Surgery, 25700 Science Park Drive, Suite #190, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA.
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11
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Kamolz L, Laback C. Leserbrief zur Arbeit: Patientenzufriedenheit nach geschlechtsangleichender Mastektomie in Frau-zu-Mann transidenten Patienten – eine Analyse unter Verwendung eines modifizierten Breast Q Fragebogens. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2021; 53:572-573. [PMID: 34875707 DOI: 10.1055/a-1628-2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kamolz
- Klinische Abteilung für Plastische, Ästhetische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, Universitätsklinik für Chirurgie, Medizinische Universität Graz
| | - Christian Laback
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz
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Kühn S, Wehle A, Kiehlmann M, Rieger UM. „Die geschlechtsangleichende Mastektomie birgt herausfordernde Ansprüche hinsichtlich der patientenindividuellen Zufriedenheit“. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2021; 53:574-575. [PMID: 34875708 DOI: 10.1055/a-1656-0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shafreena Kühn
- Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus Plastische und Ästhetische, Wiederherstellungs- und Handchirurgie
| | - Andrej Wehle
- Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus Plastische und Ästhetische, Wiederherstellungs- und Handchirurgie
| | - Marcus Kiehlmann
- Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus Plastische und Ästhetische, Wiederherstellungs- und Handchirurgie
| | - Ulrich Michael Rieger
- Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus Plastische und Ästhetische, Wiederherstellungs- und Handchirurgie
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