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Haider SA, Pressman SM, Borna S, Gomez-Cabello CA, Sehgal A, Leibovich BC, Forte AJ. Evaluating Large Language Model (LLM) Performance on Established Breast Classification Systems. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1491. [PMID: 39061628 PMCID: PMC11275570 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Medical researchers are increasingly utilizing advanced LLMs like ChatGPT-4 and Gemini to enhance diagnostic processes in the medical field. This research focuses on their ability to comprehend and apply complex medical classification systems for breast conditions, which can significantly aid plastic surgeons in making informed decisions for diagnosis and treatment, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. Fifty clinical scenarios were created to evaluate the classification accuracy of each LLM across five established breast-related classification systems. Scores from 0 to 2 were assigned to LLM responses to denote incorrect, partially correct, or completely correct classifications. Descriptive statistics were employed to compare the performances of ChatGPT-4 and Gemini. Gemini exhibited superior overall performance, achieving 98% accuracy compared to ChatGPT-4's 71%. While both models performed well in the Baker classification for capsular contracture and UTSW classification for gynecomastia, Gemini consistently outperformed ChatGPT-4 in other systems, such as the Fischer Grade Classification for gender-affirming mastectomy, Kajava Classification for ectopic breast tissue, and Regnault Classification for breast ptosis. With further development, integrating LLMs into plastic surgery practice will likely enhance diagnostic support and decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Haider
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Sahar Borna
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Ajai Sehgal
- Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bradley C. Leibovich
- Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Antonio Jorge Forte
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Kim DS, Moon YJ, Lee HC, Chung JH, Jung SP, Yoon ES. Risk factor analysis and clinical experience of treating capsular contracture after prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction. Gland Surg 2024; 13:987-998. [PMID: 39015709 PMCID: PMC11247579 DOI: 10.21037/gs-24-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Capsular contracture is one of the most common and severe complications after implant-based breast reconstruction. Recently, prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction using acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has become an alternative to subpectoral implant-based reconstruction. However, risk factors for capsular contracture associated with recent prepectoral reconstruction trends are not well refined yet. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine risk factors for capsular contracture, and share our experience of treating capsular contracture in prepectoral reconstruction. Methods This retrospective comparative study focused on 110 patients who underwent prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction with ADM. Risk factors of capsular contracture were analyzed by comparing a capsular contracture group (27 cases) and a non-capsular contracture group (83 cases). Secondary treatment after capsular contracture development was analyzed in capsular contracture group. Results According to univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for capsular contracture, single staged implant-based reconstruction (direct-to-implant), infection, and postoperative radiotherapy were significantly related to the development of capsular contracture. Also, surgical intervention including capsulectomy and capsulotomy with implant change showed a significant higher remission rate than other groups. Conclusions Our study provides insights into risk factors and treatment choices for capsular contracture after prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction with ADM. These findings can aid selection of patients, postoperative care and preventative treatment before reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Som Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Jun Moon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Chul Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pil Jung
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eul-Sik Yoon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Susini P, Marcaccini G, Giardino FR, Pozzi M, Volanti F, Nisi G, Cuomo R, Grimaldi L. Selective Capsulotomies and Partial Capsulectomy in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction Revision Surgery. Breast J 2024; 2024:9097040. [PMID: 38444549 PMCID: PMC10914432 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9097040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer with about 2.3 million diagnoses and 685,000 deaths globally is the most frequent malignancy in the female population. Continuous research has led to oncological and reconstructive advances in the management of breast cancer, thus improving outcomes and decreasing patient morbidity. Nowadays, the submuscular expander and prosthesis (E/P) implant-based breast reconstruction (IBR) accounts for 73% of all reconstructions. Despite its widely accepted efficacy, the technique is not free from complications and up to 28% of cases require revision surgery for mechanical complications such as capsular contracture, implant displacement/rotation, and implant rupture. With this study, the authors report their experience in the management of E/P IBR revision surgery through the technique of Selective Capsulotomies (SCs) and Partial Capsulectomy (PC). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients who had previously undergone E/P IBR and presented for revision reconstruction between January 2013 and May 2023 at the Department of Plastic Surgery of the University of Siena, Italy. Reasons for revision included capsular contracture, implant displacement/rotation, and implant rupture. Revision reconstructions involved SC and PC with implant replacement. Fat grafting was also considered. The complication rate was evaluated by analysis of patients' medical records. Patients' satisfaction with the treatment was assessed through a specific questionnaire. Results 32 patients underwent revision surgeries. No early complication occurred. Recurrence rate was assessed at 19% with average follow-up of 59 months (range: 13-114 months). The average time between revision surgery and recurrence was 3 years (range: 1-6 years). 23 patients answered the questionnaire and were overall satisfied with the treatments (8.29/10). Conclusions SC possibly associated to PC is a valuable option for E/P IBR revision surgery with minimal complications, reduced surgical trauma, short operating time, and relatively low recurrence risk. In addition, treated patients are overall satisfied with the results over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Susini
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico le Scotte, Via Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Gianluca Marcaccini
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico le Scotte, Via Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Francesco Ruben Giardino
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico le Scotte, Via Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Mirco Pozzi
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico le Scotte, Via Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Francesco Volanti
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico le Scotte, Via Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nisi
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico le Scotte, Via Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Roberto Cuomo
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico le Scotte, Via Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Luca Grimaldi
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Policlinico le Scotte, Via Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy
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Ciccarelli F, Pieretti G, Han J. Letter on: "Aesthetic, Quality-of-Life, and Clinical Outcomes after Inferior Pedicle Oncoplastic Reduction Mammoplasty". Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023:10.1007/s00266-023-03646-y. [PMID: 37710054 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Authors comment on the paper "Aesthetic, Quality of Life, and Clinical Outcomes after Inferior Pedicle Oncoplastic Reduction Mammoplasty" written by Thomas Y Xia et al. Although the authors present excellent results on Inferior Pedicle Oncoplastic Reduction Mammoplasty, we express some considerations about the proposed follow-up and hope in new research on this topic by Xia et al using his interesting data.Level of Evidence III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary, Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Jingjian Han
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, China
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