Abstract
AIM
To study effects of gender differences in clinical and epidemiological factors on long-term prognosis for patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective, observational analysis of a sample of patients (n=718) hospitalized with signs of ADHF with subsequent collecting information about the endpoint (all-cause death) at four years.
RESULTS
Age was a predictor of unfavorable outcome for both men and women (RR, 1.04, 95% CI, 1.02-1.06, p<0.001 and RR, 1.04, 95% CI, 1.03-1.06, p<0.001). Presence of lower extremity edema increased the risk of fatal outcome for men (RR, 2.03, 95% CI, 1.21-3.39, р=0.007) whereas for women, presence of ascites (RR, 3.43, 95% CI, 2.09-5.64, р<0.001) or orthopneic position on admission (RR, 1.51, 95% CI, 1.03-2.23, p=0.04) resulted in the increased risk. For both sexes, the prediction improved with every 10% increase in systolic BP on admission (RR, 0.87, 95% CI, 0.78-0.97, p=0.01 for men and RR, 0.84, 95% CI, 0.76-0.91, p<0.001 for women). Presence of diabetes mellitus affected the prediction only for women (RR, 1.80, 95% CI, 1.34-2.42, p<0.001). A history of myocardial infarction (RR, 1.40, 95% CI, 1.01-1.95, p=0.04 and RR, 1.44, 95% CI, 1.04-1.98, р=0.03), presence of communityacquired pneumonia (RR, 1.90, 95% CI, 1.32-2.74, p<0.001 and RR, 2.38, 95% CI, 1.55-3.68, p<0.001) adversely affected the prediction for men and women, respectively. At the end of study (4 years), the endpoint (all-cause death) was observed in 65.5% of men and 48.1% of women, median survival was 720 и 1168 days, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Te long-term prognosis was worse for men hospitalized for ADHF. Presence of congestion signs impaired the prediction for both men and women. Patients with higher systolic BP on admission were characterized with beter survival. A history of diabetes mellitus for women and myocardial infarction or community acquired pneumonia for both sexes worsened the long-term prediction.
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