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Maniaci A, Lavalle S, Parisi FM, Barbanti M, Cocuzza S, Iannella G, Magliulo G, Pace A, Lentini M, Masiello E, La Via L. Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sympathetic Nervous System on Cardiac Health: A Comprehensive Review. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:204. [PMID: 39057624 PMCID: PMC11277108 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11070204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A prevalent condition linked to an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease is sleep apnea. This review examines the connections between cardiac risk, the sympathetic nervous system, and sleep apnea. The increased risk of hypertension, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and heart failure was highlighted in the pathophysiology of sleep apnea and its effect on sympathetic activation. It is also important to consider potential processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and autonomic imbalance that may relate sleep apnea-induced sympathetic activation to cardiac risk. With implications for creating innovative diagnostic and treatment approaches to lessen the cardiovascular effects of sleep apnea, the goal of this investigation is to improve the understanding of the intricate link between sympathetic activity, cardiac risk, and sleep apnea. This study aimed to clarify the complex relationship between cardiovascular health and sleep apnea by synthesizing the available research and highlighting the crucial role played by the sympathetic nervous system in moderating this relationship. Our thorough investigation may have important therapeutic ramifications that will direct the creation of focused therapies to enhance cardiovascular outcomes in sleep apnea sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Maniaci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Salvatore Lavalle
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Federica Maria Parisi
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia” ENT Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Marco Barbanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia” ENT Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Giannicola Iannella
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (G.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Magliulo
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (G.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Annalisa Pace
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (G.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Mario Lentini
- ASP Ragusa-Hospital Giovanni Paolo II, 97100 Ragusa, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Masiello
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi La Via
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico–San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Armario P, Avellaneda-Gómez C, Gómez-Choco M. Early Detection and Treatment of Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Can We Prevent the Progression of Small Vessel Cerebrovascular Disease? Arch Bronconeumol 2024; 60:77-79. [PMID: 38052680 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Armario
- Cardiovascular Risk Area, Complex Hospitalari Universitari Moisès Broggi, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain.
| | - Carla Avellaneda-Gómez
- Cardiovascular Risk Area, Complex Hospitalari Universitari Moisès Broggi, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Neurology Department, Complex Hospitalari Universitari Moisès Broggi, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-Choco
- Cardiovascular Risk Area, Complex Hospitalari Universitari Moisès Broggi, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Neurology Department, Complex Hospitalari Universitari Moisès Broggi, Spain
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