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Baruah J, Begum T, Lal M. Estimation of environment stability for fruit yield and capsaicin content by using two models in Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Ghost Pepper) with multi-year evaluation. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17511. [PMID: 39006019 PMCID: PMC11246027 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Ghost Pepper) is well-known for its high pungency and pleasant aroma. The recent years witnessed a significant decline in popularity of this important crop due to the use of inferior planting material and lack of elite lines. To maintain constant performance across a variety of settings, it is crucial to choose stable lines with high yield and capsaicin content, as these are the most promising traits of Ghost Pepper. Method In this study, 120 high-capsaicin genotypes were subjected to a 3-year (kharif 2017, 2018 and 2019) stability investigation utilizing two well-known stability methods: Eberhart-Russell (ER) and additive main effects and multiple interaction (AMMI). Three replications were used following Randomized Complete Block Design for 11 traits. The experiment soil was sandy loam with pH 4.9. Minimum and maximum temperature of 18.5 °C, 17.5 °C, 17.4 °C and 32.2 °C, 31.3 °C, 32.7 °C and rainfall of 1,781, 2,099, 1,972 mm respectively was recorded for the study period. Result The genotype-environment linear interaction (G×E Lin.) was highly significant for days to 50% flowering, capsaicin content, fruit length and girth, fruit yield per plant and number of fruits per plant at p < 0.005. G×E interaction for fruit yield and capsaicin content in AMMI-analysis of variance reported 67.07% and 71.51% contribution by IPCA-1 (interactive principal component axis) and 32.76% and 28.49% by IPCA-2, respectively. Eight genotypes were identified to be stable with high yield and capsaicin content. The identified stable lines can be opted for cultivation to reduce the impact of crop failure when grown in different macro-environments. Moreover, the pharmaceutical and spice sectors will also be benefitted from the lines with high capsaicin content. Further research assessing the lines' performance across various regions of India can provide a solid foundation for the crop's evaluation at national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyashree Baruah
- Department of Botany, Eastern Karbi Anglong College, Assam, India
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Assam, India
| | - Twahira Begum
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Assam, India
| | - Mohan Lal
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Assam, India
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2
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Afsar B, Afsar RE. Hypertension and cellular senescence. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10031-4. [PMID: 37010665 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Essential or primary hypertension is a wordwide health problem. Elevated blood pressure (BP) is closely associated not only with increased chronological aging but also with biological aging. There are various common pathways that play a role in cellular aging and BP regulation. These include but not limited to inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, air pollution, decreased klotho activity increased renin angiotensin system activation, gut dysbiosis etc. It has already been shown that some anti-hypertensive drugs have anti-senescent actions and some senolytic drugs have BP lowering effects. In this review, we have summarized the common mechanisms underlying cellular senescence and HT and their relationships. We further reviewed the effect of various antihypertensive medications on cellular senescence and suggest further issues to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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3
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Huang Y, Song C, He J, Li M. Research progress in endothelial cell injury and repair. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997272. [PMID: 36176426 PMCID: PMC9513221 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells, which are important metabolic and endocrine cells, play an important role in regulating vascular function. The occurrence and development of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are associated with endothelial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism of vascular endothelial injury is not fully understood. It has been reported that the mechanism of endothelial injury mainly involves inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, endothelial progenitor cells are regarded as important contributors in repairing damaged endothelium. Multiple interventions (including chemical drugs and traditional Chinese medicines) exert endothelial protection by decreasing the release of inducing factors, suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress, and preventing endothelial cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpan Huang
- Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chong Song
- Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbin He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Huaihua, Affiliated to University of South China, Huaihua, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbin He, ; Min Li,
| | - Min Li
- Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbin He, ; Min Li,
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4
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Xiong Y, Wang HX, Yan H, Zhu SL, Guo SW, Peng WJ, Luo D. Rutaecarpine Prevents High Glucose-Induced Endothelial Cell Senescence Through Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subtype 1/ SIRT1 Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:e129-e137. [PMID: 34740213 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT SIRT1 functions as a longevity factor to counteract vascular aging induced by high glucose. Our previous study revealed that rutaecarpine, the natural agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), prevented high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of rutaecarpine on endothelial cell senescence induced by high glucose, and focus on the regulatory effect on SIRT1 expression. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), exposure to 33 mM high glucose for 72 hours induced cellular senescence, demonstrated as cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, decreased cell viability, and increased number of senescence-associated β-galactosidase positive senescence cells and ROS production, which were effectively attenuated by treatment with rutaecarpine (0.3, 1, and 3 μM). Furthermore, rutaecarpine upregulated longevity protein SIRT1 expression in HUVECs, accompanied by decreased level of senescence marker p21. In addition, rutaecarpine increased intracellular calcium level in HUVECs, and pretreatment with TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine, intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM or CaM antagonist W-7 abolished the effects of rutaecarpine on SIRT1 expression. In summary, this study shows that rutaecarpine upregulates SIRT1 expression and prevents high glucose-induced endothelial cell senescence, which is related to activation of TRPV1/[Ca2+]i/CaM signal pathway. Our findings provide evidence that rutaecarpine may be a promising candidate with a novel mechanism in prevention vascular aging in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Department of Endocrine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Han-Xia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Hang Yan
- School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Si-Lu Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China ; and
| | - Shu-Wen Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China ; and
| | - Wei-Jie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, PR China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China ; and
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5
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Coelho NR, Pimpão AB, Correia MJ, Rodrigues TC, Monteiro EC, Morello J, Pereira SA. Pharmacological blockage of the AHR-CYP1A1 axis: a call for in vivo evidence. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:215-243. [PMID: 34800164 PMCID: PMC8605459 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that can be activated by structurally diverse compounds arising from the environment and the microbiota and host metabolism. Expanding evidence has been shown that the modulation of the canonical pathway of AHR occurs during several chronic diseases and that its abrogation might be of clinical interest for metabolic and inflammatory pathological processes. However, most of the evidence on the pharmacological abrogation of the AHR-CYP1A1 axis has been reported in vitro, and therefore, guidance for in vivo studies is needed. In this review, we cover the state-of-the-art of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of AHR antagonists and CYP1A1 inhibitors in different in vivo rodent (mouse or rat) models of disease. This review will serve as a road map for those researchers embracing this emerging therapeutic area targeting the AHR. Moreover, it is a timely opportunity as the first AHR antagonists have recently entered the clinical stage of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Coelho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A B Pimpão
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Correia
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T C Rodrigues
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E C Monteiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Morello
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S A Pereira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Mi J, Xu J, Yao H, Li X, Tong W, Li Y, Dai B, He X, Chow DHK, Li G, Lui KO, Zhao J, Qin L. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Enhances Distraction Osteogenesis by Increasing Angiogenesis. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:87-102. [PMID: 32375579 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a well-established surgical technique for treating bone defect and limb lengthening. The major drawback of DO is the long treatment period as the external fixator has to be kept in place until consolidation is completed. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been reported to promote angiogenesis by affecting endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in limb ischemia and wound healing. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the angiogenic effect of exogenous CGRP on bone regeneration in a rat DO model. Exogenous CGRP was directly injected into the bone defect after each cycle of distraction in vivo. Microcomputed tomography, biomechanical test, and histological analysis were performed to assess the new bone formation. Angiography and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the formation of blood vessels. CD31+CD144+ EPCs in the bone defect were quantified with flow cytometry. In in vitro study, bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were used to investigate the effect of CGRP on EPCs production during endothelial differentiation. Our results showed that CGRP significantly promoted bone regeneration and vessel formation after consolidation. CGRP significantly increased the fraction of CD31+CD144+EPCs and the capillary density in the bone defect at the end of distraction phase. CGRP increased EPC population in the endothelial differentiation of BMSCs in vitro by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, differentiated EPCs rapidly assembled into tube-like structures and promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In conclusion, CGRP increased EPC population and promoted blood vessel formation and bone regeneration at the defect region in a DO model. Impact statement Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a well-established surgical technique for limb lengthening and bone defect. The disadvantage of this technique is that external fixator is needed to be kept in place for about 12 months. This may result in increased risk of infection, financial burden, and negative psychological impacts. In this study, we have injected calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) into the defect region after distraction and found that CGRP enhanced vessel formation and bone regeneration in a rat DO model. This suggests that a controlled delivery system for CGRP could be developed and applied clinically for accelerating bone regeneration in patients with DO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mi
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xisheng Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenxue Tong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bingyang Dai
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuan He
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dick Ho Kiu Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Sohn I, Sheykhzade M, Edvinsson L, Sams A. The effects of CGRP in vascular tissue - Classical vasodilation, shadowed effects and systemic dilemmas. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173205. [PMID: 32442540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tissue consists of endothelial cells, vasoactive smooth muscle cells and perivascular nerves. The perivascular sensory neuropeptide CGRP has demonstrated potent vasodilatory effects in any arterial vasculature examined so far, and a local protective CGRP-circuit of sensory nerve terminal CGRP release and smooth muscle cell CGRP action is evident. The significant vasodilatory effect has shadowed multiple other effects of CGRP in the vascular tissue and we therefore thoroughly review vascular actions of CGRP on endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and perivascular nerve terminals. The actions beyond vasodilation includes neuronal re-uptake and neuromodulation, angiogenic, proliferative and antiproliferative, pro- and anti-inflammatory actions which vary depending on the target cell and anatomical location. In addition to the classical perivascular nerve-smooth muscle CGRP circuit, we review existing evidence for a shadowed endothelial autocrine pathway for CGRP. Finally, we discuss the impact of local and systemic actions of CGRP in vascular regulation and protection from hypertensive and ischemic heart conditions with special focus on therapeutic CGRP agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iben Sohn
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anette Sams
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
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McCarthy CG, Wenceslau CF, Webb RC, Joe B. Novel Contributors and Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence in Hypertension-Associated Premature Vascular Aging. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:709-719. [PMID: 30982879 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension has been described as a condition of premature vascular aging, relative to actual chronological age. In fact, many factors that contribute to the deterioration of vascular function as we age are accelerated in hypertension. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms that underlie the aged phenotype of arteries from hypertensive patients and animals remain elusive. Cellular senescence is an age-related physiologic process in which cells undergo irreversible growth arrest. Although controlled senescence negatively regulates cell proliferation and promotes tissue regeneration, uncontrolled senescence can contribute to disease pathogenesis by presenting the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, in which molecules such as proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteases, and reactive oxygen species are released into tissue microenvironments. This review will address and critically evaluate the current literature on the role of cellular senescence in hypertension, with particular emphasis on cells types that mediate and modulate vascular function and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G McCarthy
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Camilla F Wenceslau
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Dai L, Qureshi AR, Witasp A, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P. Early Vascular Ageing and Cellular Senescence in Chronic Kidney Disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:721-729. [PMID: 31303976 PMCID: PMC6603301 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinical model of premature ageing characterized by progressive vascular disease, systemic inflammation, muscle wasting and frailty. The predominant early vascular ageing (EVA) process mediated by medial vascular calcification (VC) results in a marked discrepancy between chronological and biological vascular age in CKD. Though the exact underlying mechanisms of VC and EVA are not fully elucidated, accumulating evidence indicates that cellular senescence - and subsequent chronic inflammation through the senescence-associated secretary phenotype (SASP) - plays a fundamental role in its initiation and progression. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological links between senescence and the EVA process in CKD, with focus on cellular senescence and media VC, and potential anti-ageing therapeutic strategies of senolytic drugs targeting cellular senescence and EVA in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rutaecarpine: A promising cardiovascular protective alkaloid from Evodia rutaecarpa (Wu Zhu Yu). Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:541-550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wu J, Liu S, Wang Z, Ma S, Meng H, Hu J. Calcitonin gene-related peptide promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells via inhibiting MAPK signaling. Proteome Sci 2018; 16:18. [PMID: 30473635 PMCID: PMC6236989 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-018-0146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) contributes to bone formation by stimulating bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) proliferation and differentiation. However, the proliferative and apoptotic effects of CGRP on bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have not been investigated. Methods We tested the effects of CGRP on EPC proliferation and apoptosis by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and studied the effects of CGRP on the expression of proliferation- and apoptosis-related markers in EPCs and the underlying mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results We detected EPC markers (CD34, CD133 and VEGFR-2) in 7-day cultures and found that CGRP (10− 10–10− 12 M) promoted the proliferation of cultured EPCs, with a peak increase of 30% at 10− 10 M CGRP. CGRP also upregulated the expression of proliferation-associated genes, including cyclin D1 and cyclin E, and increased the percentages of G2/M-phase and S-phase cells after incubation 72 h. CGRP inhibited serum deprivation (SD)-induced apoptosis in EPCs after 24 and 48 h and downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes, including caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and Bax. Phosphorylated (p-)ERK1/2, p-p38 and p-JNK protein levels in EPCs treated with CGRP were significantly lower than those in untreated EPCs. Pre-treatment with the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) antagonist CGRP8–37 or a MAPK pathway inhibitor (PD98059, SB203580 or SP600125) completely or partially reversed the pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects and the reduced p-ERK1/2, p-p38 and p-JNK expression induced by CGRP. Conclusion Our results show that CGRP exerts pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects on EPCs and may act by inhibiting MAPK pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12953-018-0146-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqun Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Huadu District People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510800 Guangdong Province China
| | - Song Liu
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510150 Guangdong Province China.,3Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Zhao Wang
- 2Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510150 Guangdong Province China
| | - Shenghui Ma
- 3Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Huan Meng
- 3Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Jijie Hu
- 3Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515 Guangdong Province China
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Abstract
Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological pain syndrome, and its management is limited due to side effects posed by current preventive therapies. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of migraine. In recent years, research has been dedicated to the development of monoclonal antibodies against CGRP and CGRP receptors for the treatment of migraine. This review will focus on the first US FDA-approved CGRP-receptor monoclonal antibody developed for the prevention of migraine: erenumab. Two Phase II trials (one for episodic migraine and one for chronic migraine) and two Phase III trials for episodic migraine have been published demonstrating the efficacy and safety of erenumab in the prevention of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Jain
- Department of Pain Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Hsiangkuo Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nicole Spare
- Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Stephen D Silberstein
- Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Sturmlechner I, Durik M, Sieben CJ, Baker DJ, van Deursen JM. Cellular senescence in renal ageing and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 13:77-89. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Li TB, Zhang JJ, Liu B, Luo XJ, Ma QL, Peng J. Dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells in hyperlipidemic rats involves the increase of NADPH oxidase derived reactive oxygen species production. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:474-480. [PMID: 28177697 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body and it plays a key role in mediation of oxidative injury in the cardiovascular system. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the status of NOX in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) of hyperlipidemic rats and to determine whether NOX-derived ROS promotes the dysfunction of EPCs. The rats were fed on a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to establish a hyperlipidemic rat model, which showed the increased plasma lipids and the impaired functions of circulating EPCs (including the reduced abilities in migration and adhesion) accompanied by an increase in NOX activity and ROS production. Next, EPCs were isolated from normal rats and they were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (100 μg/mL) for 24 h to induce a dysfunctional model in vitro. In agreement with our findings in vivo, ox-LDL treatment increased the dysfunctions of EPCs concomitant with an increase in NOX activity and ROS production; these phenomena were reversed by the NOX inhibitor. Based on these observations, we conclude that NOX-derived ROS involved in the dysfunctions of circulating EPCs in hyperlipidemic rats and inhibition of NOX might provide a novel strategy to improve EPC functions in hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Bo Li
- a Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jie-Jie Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Bin Liu
- a Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qi-Lin Ma
- c Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jun Peng
- a Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,d Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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Li TB, Zhang JJ, Liu B, Liu WQ, Wu Y, Xiong XM, Luo XJ, Ma QL, Peng J. Involvement of NADPH oxidases and non-muscle myosin light chain in senescence of endothelial progenitor cells in hyperlipidemia. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 389:289-302. [PMID: 26685858 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in endothelial dysfunction of hyperlipidemia, and non-muscle myosin regulatory light chain (nmMLC20) is reported to have a transcriptional function in regulation of gene expression. The purposes of this study are to determine whether NOX-derived ROS can promote endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) senescence and whether nmMLC20 can regulate NOX expression through a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The rats were subjected to 8 weeks of high-fat diet feeding to establish a hyperlipidemic model, which showed an increase in plasma lipids and the accelerated senescence and reduced number of circulating EPCs, accompanied by an increase in myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and NOX activities, p-nmMLC20 level, NOX (NOX2, NOX4) expression, and H2O2 content. Next, EPCs isolated from normal rats were incubated with ox-LDL (100 μg/mL) for 24 h to establish a senescent model in vitro. Consistent with our in vivo findings, ox-LDL treatment increased the senescence of EPCs concomitant with an increase in MLCK and NOX activities, p-nmMLC20 level (in total or nuclear proteins), NOX expression, and H2O2 content; these phenomena were reversed by MLCK inhibitor. NOX inhibitor achieved similar results to that of MLCK inhibitor except that there is no effect on MLCK activity and p-nmMLC20 level. Furthermore, knockdown of nmMLC20, NOX2, or NOX4 led to a down-regulation in NOX and a reduction in ox-LDL-induced EPC senescence. These results suggest that NOX-derived ROS promotes the senescence of circulating EPCs in hyperlipidemia and nmMLC20 may play a transcriptional role in the upregulation of NOX through a phosphorylation-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No.110 Xiang-Ya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jie-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No.110 Xiang-Ya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No.110 Xiang-Ya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Wei-Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No.110 Xiang-Ya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No.110 Xiang-Ya Road, Changsha, 410078, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qi-Lin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No.110 Xiang-Ya Road, Changsha, 410078, China. .,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Liu SY, Yuan Q, Li XH, Hu CP, Hu R, Zhang GG, Li D, Li YJ. Role of vascular peroxidase 1 in senescence of endothelial cells in diabetes rats. Int J Cardiol 2015; 197:182-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ravarotto V, Pagnin E, Maiolino G, Fragasso A, Carraro G, Rossi B, Calò LA. The blocking of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and RhoA/Rho kinase activity in hypertensive patients: Effect of olmesartan medoxomil and implication with cardiovascular-renal remodeling. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:1245-50. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320315594324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Ravarotto
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
- Hypertension Clinic, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maiolino
- Hypertension Clinic, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Fragasso
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University of Padova-Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Italy
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Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in maintenance of the endothelial integrity and vascular homeostasis, as well as in neovascularization. Dysfunctional EPCs are believed to contribute to the endothelial dysfunction and are closely related to the development of various cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms of EPC dysfunction are complicated and remain largely elusive. Recent studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key factors that involve in modulation of stem and progenitor cell function under various physiologic and pathologic conditions. It has been shown that NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived ROS are the major sources of ROS in cardiovascular system. Accumulating evidence suggests that NOX-mediated oxidative stress can modulate EPC bioactivities, such as mobilization, migration, and neovascularization, and that inhibition of NOX has been shown to improve EPC functions. This review summarized recent progress in the studies on the correlation between NOX-mediated EPC dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases.
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Yuan Q, Hu CP, Gong ZC, Bai YP, Liu SY, Li YJ, Jiang JL. Accelerated onset of senescence of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 and asymmetric dimethylarginine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:869-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Effect of olmesartan medoxomil on number and survival of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and calcitonin gene related peptide in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2014; 32:193-9. [PMID: 24309489 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32836522c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Injury of vascular endothelium, crucial in vascular disease, is repaired via circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs). In hypertension, cEPCs number is reduced and function impaired adding further risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced oxidative stress (OxSt), accelerates cEPCs senescence. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), able to prevent and reverse Ang II-induced cEPCs senescence, is reduced in hypertension and stimulated by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory heme oxygenase (HO)-1. In essential hypertensive patients olmesartan reduced OxSt and markers of CV remodeling and increased HO-1. This study reports in essential hypertensive patients the effect of 6 months treatment with olmesartan on plasma level of CGRP and number and survival of cEPCs. METHODS AND RESULTS In 20 essential hypertensive patients treated with olmesartan medoxomil (20 mg per day for 6 months), cEPCs (CD34(+)KDR(+), CD133(+)KDR(+) and CD34(+)CD133(+)KDR(+)) (direct 3-color flow cytometry analysis), apoptosis of cEPCs (CD133(+)KDR(+) cells with Annexin V expression), CGRP determination (ELISA) and HO-1 protein level (western blot) were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatments. Olmesartan normalized blood pressure (P < 0.001), increased cEPCs from baseline (CD34(+)KDR(+): P < 0.003; CD133(+)KDR(+): P < 0.0002; CD34(+)CD133(+)KDR(+): P = 0.0008), reduced cEPCs apoptosis (P < 0.001) and increased CGRP (P < 0.013) and HO-1 (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION These results provide a mechanistic rationale for the olmesartan's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential translation toward antiatherosclerotic and antiremodeling effects reported on clinical ground.
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de Cavanagh EMV, González SA, Inserra F, Forcada P, Castellaro C, Chiabaut-Svane J, Obregón S, Casarini MJ, Kempny P, Kotliar C. Sympathetic predominance is associated with impaired endothelial progenitor cells and tunneling nanotubes in controlled-hypertensive patients. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H207-15. [PMID: 24858852 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00955.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Early endothelial progenitor cells (early EPC) and late EPC are involved in endothelial repair and can rescue damaged endothelial cells by transferring organelles through tunneling nanotubes (TNT). In rodents, EPC mobilization from the bone marrow depends on sympathetic nervous system activity. Indirect evidence suggests a relation between autonomic derangements and human EPC mobilization. We aimed at testing whether hypertension-related autonomic imbalances are associated with EPC impairment. Thirty controlled-essential hypertensive patients [systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure = 130(120-137)/85(61-88) mmHg; 81.8% male] and 20 healthy normotensive subjects [114(107-119)/75(64-79) mmHg; 80% male] were studied. Mononuclear cells were cultured on fibronectin- and collagen-coated dishes for early EPC and late EPC, respectively. Low (LF)- and high (HF)-frequency components of short-term heart rate variability were analyzed during a 5-min rest, an expiration/inspiration maneuver, and a Stroop color-word test. Modulations of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activities were evaluated by LF/HF (%) and HF power (ms(2)), respectively. In controlled-hypertensive patients, the numbers of early EPC, early EPC that emitted TNT, late EPC, and late EPC that emitted TNT were 41, 77, 50, and 88% lower than in normotensive subjects (P < 0.008), respectively. In controlled-hypertensive patients, late EPC number was positively associated with cardiac parasympathetic reserve during the expiration/inspiration maneuver (rho = 0.45, P = 0.031) and early EPC with brachial flow-mediated dilation (rho = 0.655; P = 0.049); also, late TNT number was inversely related to cardiac sympathetic response during the stress test (rho = -0.426, P = 0.045). EPC exposure to epinephrine or norepinephrine showed negative dose-response relationships on cell adhesion to fibronectin and collagen; both catecholamines stimulated early EPC growth, but epinephrine inhibited late EPC growth. In controlled-hypertensive patients, sympathetic overactivity/parasympathetic underactivity were negatively associated with EPC, suggesting that reducing sympathetic/increasing parasympathetic activation might favor endothelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M V de Cavanagh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Arterial Hypertension Center, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio A González
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Arterial Hypertension Center, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Felipe Inserra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Pedro Forcada
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Arterial Hypertension Center, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Castellaro
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Arterial Hypertension Center, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Chiabaut-Svane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Arterial Hypertension Center, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Obregón
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Arterial Hypertension Center, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jesús Casarini
- Arterial Hypertension Center, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Kempny
- Arterial Hypertension Center, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carol Kotliar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Arterial Hypertension Center, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
The use of medicinal plants or other naturally derived products to relieve illness can be traced back over several millennia, and these natural products are still extensively used nowadays. Studies on natural products have, over the years, enormously contributed to the development of therapeutic drugs used in modern medicine. By means of the use of these substances as selective agonists, antagonists, enzyme inhibitors or activators, it has been possible to understand the complex function of many relevant targets. For instance, in an attempt to understand how pepper species evoke hot and painful actions, the pungent and active constituent capsaicin (from Capsicum sp.) was isolated in 1846 and the receptor for the biological actions of capsaicin was cloned in 1997, which is now known as TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1). Thus, TRPV1 agonists and antagonists have currently been tested in order to find new drug classes to treat different disorders. Indeed, the transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are targets for several natural compounds, and antagonists of TRPs have been synthesised based on the knowledge of naturally derived products. In this context, this chapter focuses on naturally derived compounds (from plants and animals) that are reported to be able to modulate TRP channels. To clarify and make the understanding of the modulatory effects of natural compounds on TRPs easier, this chapter is divided into groups according to TRP subfamilies: TRPV (TRP vanilloid), TRPA (TRP ankyrin), TRPM (TRP melastatin), TRPC (TRP canonical) and TRPP (TRP polycystin). A general overview on the naturally derived compounds that modulate TRPs is depicted in Table 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Carla Meotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rodrigo R, Libuy M, Feliú F, Hasson D. Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in essential hypertension and ischemia-reperfusion myocardial damage. DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:773-90. [PMID: 24347798 PMCID: PMC3856219 DOI: 10.1155/2013/974358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with hypertension being a major risk factor. Numerous studies support the contribution of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the pathogenesis of hypertension, as well as other pathologies associated with ischemia/reperfusion. However, the validation of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in these settings is still lacking and novel association of these biomarkers and other biomarkers such as endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial microparticles, and ischemia modified albumin, is just emerging. Oxidative stress has been suggested as a pathogenic factor and therapeutic target in early stages of essential hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated positively with plasma F2-isoprostane levels and negatively with total antioxidant capacity of plasma in hypertensive and normotensive patients. Cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation causes an ischemia/reperfusion event associated with increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, two biomarkers associated with oxidative damage of cardiac tissue. An enhancement of the antioxidant defense system should contribute to ameliorating functional and structural abnormalities derived from this metabolic impairment. However, data have to be validated with the analysis of the appropriate oxidative stress and/or nitrosative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Matías Libuy
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Felipe Feliú
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Daniel Hasson
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile
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Luo XJ, Liu B, Dai Z, Yang ZC, Peng J. Stimulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide release through targeting capsaicin receptor: a potential strategy for gastric mucosal protection. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:320-5. [PMID: 22918689 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a predominant neurotransmitter from capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, which are widely distributed in the gastrointestinal system. These sensory nerves are reported to be involved in the protection of gastric mucosa against damage by various stimuli, and CGRP is a potential mediator in this process. In addition to increase in gastric mucosal blood flow, the beneficial effects of CGRP on gastric mucosa include inhibition of gastric acid secretion, prevention of cellular apoptosis and oxidative injury. The synthesis and release of CGRP is regulated by the capsaicin receptor which is known as transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) and the agonists of TRPV1 have the potential for gastric mucosal protection. So far, multiple TRPV1 agonists, including capsaicin, capsiate, anandamide and rutaecarpine are reported to exert beneficial effects on gastric mucosal injury induced by various stimuli. Therefore, the TRPV1/CGRP pathway represents a novel target for therapeutic intervention in human gastric mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiang-Ya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
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Calò LA, Davis PA, Pagnin E, Dal Maso L, Caielli P, Rossi GP. Calcitonin gene-related peptide, heme oxygenase-1, endothelial progenitor cells and nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation relationships in a human model of angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonism. J Hypertens 2012; 30:1406-13. [PMID: 22573121 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835414f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An increased number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which correlated with heme oxygenase-1 gene expression and nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)], has been recently reported by us in Bartter/Gitelman syndromes, rare diseases that represent a human model of endogenous angiotensin (Ang) II type-1 receptor antagonism and depicting an opposite picture of hypertension. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which prevents circulating EPCs senescence and reverses Ang II-induced EPCs senescence is reduced in hypertensive patients, its level is stimulated by heme oxygenase-1 and is related with stimulation of nitric oxide. This study reports on CGRP concentration and heme oxygenase-1 protein level in Bartter/Gitelman syndrome's patients compared with healthy individuals and analyzes their relationships with EPCs [CD34⁺kinase insert domain receptor (KDR⁺), CD133⁺KDR⁺, CD34⁺CD133⁺KDR⁺) as well as FMD. METHODS AND RESULTS CGRP concentration (ELISA) and heme oxygenase-1 protein level (sandwich immunoassay) were higher in Bartter/Gitelman syndrome : 38.20 ± 8.23 pg/ml vs. 25.07 ± 3.51, P < 0.002 and 9.44 ± 3.1 ng/ml vs. 5.52 ± 1.1, P < 0.007, respectively. CD133⁺KDR⁺ and CD34⁺CD133⁺KDR⁺ (direct three-color flow cytometry analysis) and FMD (B-mode echo scan of brachial artery) were confirmed higher in Bartter/Gitelman syndrome. CGRP and heme oxygenase-1 strongly correlated (P < 0.0001) and did not differ by group. In Bartter/Gitelman syndrome, both CGRP and heme oxygenase-1 were strongly correlated with both EPCs and FMD. CONCLUSIONS Using a human model opposite to hypertension, this study provides information on the relationships between CGRP, heme oxygenase-1, FMD, major clinical and biochemical factors involved in cardiovascular disease, and EPC-specific populations and may also serve to confirm the utility of Bartter/Gitelman syndrome patients in delineating EPCs and related factors roles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular remodeling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo A Calò
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 4, University of Padova, Padova, Veneto, Italy
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Kasacka I, Arciszewska E. Dynamics of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like cells changes in the lungs of two-kidney, one-clip rats. Eur J Histochem 2012; 56:e10. [PMID: 22472888 PMCID: PMC3352129 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking into consideration renal hypertension-induced homeostatic disorders and the key role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in many, systemic functions regulating systems, a question arises as to what an extent arterial hypertension affects the morphology and dynamics of pulmonary CGRP-immunopositive cell changes. The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution, morphology and dynamics of changes of CGRP-containing cells in the lungs of rats in the two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension model. The studies were carried out on the lungs of rats after 3, 14, 28, 42, and 91 days long period from the renal artery clipping procedure. In order to identify neuroendocrine cells, immunohistochemical reaction was performed with the use of a specific antibody against CGRP. It was revealed that renovascular hypertension caused changes in the neuroendocrine, CGRP-containing cells in the lungs of rats. The changes, observed in the neuroendocrine cells, depended on time periods from experimentally induced hypertension. The highest intensity of changes in the neuroendocrine cells was observed in the lungs of rats after 14 days from the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University, Kilinski 1 str., 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
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Cellular biomarkers of endothelial health: microparticles, endothelial progenitor cells, and circulating endothelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 6:85-99. [PMID: 22321962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, the shift from a healthy endothelium to a damaged pro-coagulative, pro-inflammatory, and pro-vasoconstrictive phenotype, is an early event in many chronic diseases that frequently precedes cardiovascular complications. Functional assessment of the endothelium can identify endothelial damage and predict cardiovascular risk; however, this assessment provides little information as to the mechanisms underlying development of endothelial dysfunction. Changes in plasma asymmetric dimethyl arginine levels, markers of lipid peroxidation, circulating levels of inflammatory mediators, indices of coagulation and cellular surrogates such as microparticles, circulating endothelial cells, and endothelial progenitor cells may reflect alterations in endothelial status and as such have been defined as "biomarkers" of endothelial function. Biomarkers may be chemical or cellular. This review examines some markers of endothelial dysfunction, with a particular focus on cellular biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and their diagnostic potential.
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New and old mechanisms associated with hypertension in the elderly. Int J Hypertens 2011; 2012:150107. [PMID: 22046504 PMCID: PMC3199182 DOI: 10.1155/2012/150107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a widely prevalent and important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that increase with aging. The hallmark of hypertension in the elderly is increased vascular dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms by which increased blood pressure leads to vascular injury and impaired endothelial function are not well defined. In the present paper, we will analyze several mechanisms described in the scientific literature involved in hypertension in the elderly as endothelial dysfunction, increased oxygen delivery to tissues, inflammation, cellular apoptosis, and increased concentration of active metabolites. Also, we will focus on new molecular mechanisms involved in hypertension such as telomeres shortening, progenitor cells, circulating microparticles, and epigenetic factors that have appeared as possible causes of hypertension in the elderly. These molecular mechanisms may elucidate different origin for hypertension in the elderly and provide us with new targets for hypertension treatment.
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Fleissner F, Thum T. Critical role of the nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species balance in endothelial progenitor dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:933-48. [PMID: 20712407 PMCID: PMC3135185 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial injury and dysfunction are critical events in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. During these processes, an impaired balance of nitric oxide bioavailability and oxidative stress is mechanistically involved. Circulating angiogenic cells (including early and late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPC)) contribute to formation of new blood vessels, neovascularization, and homeostasis of the vasculature, and are highly sensitive for misbalance between NO and oxidative stress. We here review the role of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase and oxidative stress producing enzyme systems in EPC during cardiovascular disease. We also focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential emerging drug- and gene-based therapeutic strategies to improve EPC function in cardiovascular diseased patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fleissner
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Decreased circulating endothelial progenitor cell levels and function in essential hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:999-1003. [PMID: 21654753 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the role of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial apoptotic microparticles in hypertensive patients with and without electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Flow cytometry was used to assess endothelial cell apoptosis and circulating EPC level by quantification of circulating EPC markers (defined as CD34(+)CD133(+), CD34(+)KDR(+)) and endothelial apoptotic microparticles (defined as CD31(+)/annexin V(+)) in peripheral blood samples. The LVH was defined by ECG with the Cornell voltage criteria. In total, 128 hypertensive patients (83 men and 45 women, aged 59±14 years) were enrolled in this study, in which 107 patients (84%) showed no electrocardiographic evidence of LVH, and 21 patients (16%) fulfilled the LVH criteria by ECG. There were no significant differences in basic characteristics between the two groups, but hypertensive patients with LVH had a higher urine albumin excretion rate than those without LVH (P=0.027). Furthermore, hypertensive patients with LVH were shown to have decreased circulating EPC numbers (all P<0.05) and adhesive function compared with those without LVH (LVH vs. no LVH: 14±6 vs. 30±6 cells per high-power field, P<0.001). Increased numbers of endothelial apoptotic microparticles were noted in hypertensive patients with LVH (4.2±4.9 vs. 2.4±3.4%, P=0.115), although the difference was not significant. This study showed that essential hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic LVH evidence have decreased circulating EPC numbers and adhesive function compared with those without LVH. These findings may explain the pathogenetic processes that link hypertensive LVH and endothelial injury in cardiovascular disease.
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Endothelial progenitor cells relationships with clinical and biochemical factors in a human model of blunted angiotensin II signaling. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:1017-22. [PMID: 21654754 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is essential for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) function as Ang-II-induced oxidative stress causes senescence of EPCs and endothelial dysfunction and Ang II type 1 receptor blockers increase EPCs. Moreover, EPCs activity is dependent on nitric oxide (NO) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 as these correlate with EPCs senescence and are reduced in hypertensives. Bartter's/Gitelman's syndrome patients (BS/GS), have increased Ang II yet normo/hypotension along with blunted Ang II signaling, reduced oxidative stress, increased NO and HO-1, thus presenting a unique system to explore EPC biology and its relationship with vascular clinical and biochemical correlates. Circulating EPCs, NO-dependent vasodilation (flow-mediated dilation (FMD)) and HO-1 gene expression were characterized in 10 BS/GS patients and in 10 normotensive subjects. EPCs defined by cell surface antigens CD34+kinase-insert domain receptor (KDR+), CD133+KDR+ and CD133+CD34+KDR+ cells were quantitiated via direct three-color flow-cytometry analysis, HO-1 gene expression by reverse transcription-PCR and FMD by B-mode echo scan of the right brachial artery. Correlation analysis was carried out regarding FMD and EPCs, FMD and HO-1 and EPCs and HO-1. In BS/GS, CD34+KDR+ cell numbers did not differ from controls while CD133+KDR+ and CD133+CD34+KDR+ cell numbers were higher. HO-1 gene expression, as well as FMD, was higher in BS/GS compared with controls. Both CD133+KDR+ and CD133+CD34+KDR+ strongly correlated with both FMD and HO-1. FMD and HO-1 were also strongly correlated. These results document in a human system that EPC numbers and specific populations are related to important clinical and biochemical factors involved in cardiovascular (CV) status and reaffirm the utility of BS/GS patients as a useful system to investigate EPC's role(s) in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular remodeling in humans.
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Endothelial progenitor cells: novel biomarker and promising cell therapy for cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011; 120:263-83. [PMID: 21143202 DOI: 10.1042/cs20100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived EPCs (endothelial progenitor cells) play an integral role in the regulation and protection of the endothelium, as well as new vessel formation. Peripheral circulating EPC number and function are robust biomarkers of vascular risk for a multitude of diseases, particularly CVD (cardiovascular disease). Importantly, using EPCs as a biomarker is independent of both traditional and non-traditional risk factors (e.g. hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and C-reactive protein), with infused ex vivo-expanded EPCs showing potential for improved endothelial function and either reducing the risk of events or enhancing recovery from ischaemia. However, as the number of existing cardiovascular risk factors is variable between patients, simple EPC counts do not adequately describe vascular disease risk in all clinical conditions and, as such, the risk of CVD remains. It is likely that this limitation is attributable to variation in the definition of EPCs, as well as a difference in the interaction between EPCs and other cells involved in vascular control such as pericytes, smooth muscle cells and macrophages. For EPCs to be used regularly in clinical practice, agreement on definitions of EPC subtypes is needed, and recognition that function of EPCs (rather than number) may be a better marker of vascular risk in certain CVD risk states. The present review focuses on the identification of measures to improve individual risk stratification and, further, to potentially individualize patient care to address specific EPC functional abnormalities. Herein, we describe that future therapeutic use of EPCs will probably rely on a combination of strategies, including optimization of the function of adjunct cell types to prime tissues for the effect of EPCs.
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Liao JF, Chiou WF, Shen YC, Wang GJ, Chen CF. Anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious effects of Evodia rutaecarpa (Wuzhuyu) and its major bioactive components. Chin Med 2011; 6:6. [PMID: 21320305 PMCID: PMC3046897 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the anti-inflammatory relative and anti-infectious effects of Evodia rutaecarpa and its major bioactive components and the involvement of the nitric oxide synthases, cyclooxygenase, NADPH oxidase, nuclear factor kappa B, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, reactive oxygen species, prostaglandins, tumor necrosis factor, LIGHT, amyloid protein and orexigenic neuropeptides. Their potential applications for the treatment of endotoxaemia, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and their uses as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal protective agents, analgesics, anti-oxidant, anti-atherosclerosis agents, dermatological agents and anti-infectious agents are highlighted. Stimulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide release may partially explain the analgesic, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal protective, anti-obese activities of Evodia rutaecarpa and its major bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Fei Liao
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, No 155, Sec 2, Linong Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fei Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, No 155-1, Sec 2, Linong Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, No 155-1, Sec 2, Linong Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Guei-Jane Wang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, No 155-1, Sec 2, Linong Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Fu Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, No 155, Sec 2, Linong Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, No 155-1, Sec 2, Linong Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Roks AJM, Rodgers K, Walther T. Effects of the renin angiotensin system on vasculogenesis-related progenitor cells. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:162-74. [PMID: 21296616 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current concept is that there are both cells that integrate into the vasculature, true endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), and cells with hematopoietic markers that support neovascularisation. As identification of the EPC is controversial and studies refer cells that might fall into either pools, we will use the term, vasculogenesis-related progenitor cells (VRPC), for this review. VRPC are considered to be an important target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Angiotensin II is known to be an important player in neovascularisation and the modulation of renin angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the major pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of CVD. We will review the effects of different components of the RAS on such VRPC under physiological conditions and in CVD. The reviewed research strongly supports a critical role of the RAS in vasculogenesis and vascular regeneration. Therefore, pharmacological intervention on the components of the RAS does not only target directly end-organ remodelling and blood pressure but also influence tissue healing and/or regeneration by influencing specific progenitor cells. Thus, the interrogation of RAS effects on VRPC will be important in the optimisation of RAS intervention or regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Disease, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Recent advances in the study on capsaicinoids and capsinoids. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 650:1-7. [PMID: 20946891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chili peppers are the major source of nature capsaicinoids, which consist of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, and homocapsaicin, etc. Capsaicinoids are found to exert multiple pharmacological and physiological effects including the activities of analgesia, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antioxidant and anti-obesity. Therefore, capsaicinoids may have the potential value in clinic for pain relief, cancer prevention and weight loss. In addition, capsaicinoids also display the benefits on cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system. It has been shown that capsaicinoids are potential agonists of capsaicin receptor or transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1). They could exert the effects not only through the receptor-dependent pathway but also through the receptor-independent one. CH-19 Sweet peppers are the source of nature capsinoids, which share similar structure with capsaicinoids and consist of capsiate, dihydrocapsiate, and nordihydrocapsiate, etc, Comparing with capsaicinoids, capsinoids are less pungent and easily broken down in the normal aqueous conditions. So far, it has been found that capsinoids possess the biological properties of antitumor, antioxidant and anti-obesity. Since capsinoids are less toxic than capsaicinoids, therefore, capsinoids may have the advantages over capsaicinoids in clinical applications such as cancer prevention and weight loss.
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Number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and calcitonin gene-related peptide in hypertension: support from and opportunities in Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes patients. J Hypertens 2010; 28:2169-70; author reply 2171. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833d136c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Reply to ‘Number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and calcitonin gene-related peptide in hypertension: support from and opportunities in Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes patients’. J Hypertens 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833d137f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Does Bartter's syndrome/Gitelman's syndrome provide a clinical model for investigating the association between calcitonin gene-related peptide and angiotensin II-mediated senescence of endothelial progenitor cells? J Hypertens 2010; 28:2170-1; author reply 2171. [PMID: 20844373 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833ee99a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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