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Qi R, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Chung JPW, Yang WJ, Wang CC. Association of angiotensin II and receptors in peri-implantation endometrium with microvessel density and pregnancy outcomes of women with recurrent implantation failure after embryo transfer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1206326. [PMID: 37711897 PMCID: PMC10497869 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1206326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Investigate whether local angiotensin II (AngII) and its AngII type 1 and 2 receptors (AT1R, AT2R) in the endometrium are different and correlate with microvessel density in women with reproductive failure and pregnancy outcomes. Methods Endometrium during the window of implantation from 40 women with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and 40 with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) were compared with 27 fertile women. Peri-implantation endometrium from 54 women prior to euploid embryo transfer were collected and compared in women with successful pregnancy and unsuccessful pregnancy. Results Compared with fertile women, expression of AT2R was significantly lower, while AT1R/AT2R expression ratio was significantly higher in the stroma of the RIF group. Endometrium arteriole MVD was significantly lower and negatively correlated with the AT1R/AT2R expression ratio in the stroma of the RIF group. No significant differences and correlations were found in the RM group. Compared with the pregnancy group, expression of AT1R and AT2R were significantly lower in all compartments, but only AT1R/AT2R ratio was significantly higher in the stroma of the non-pregnancy group. Similarly, endometrium arteriole MVD was also significantly lower and negatively correlated with the AT1R/AT2R ratio in the stroma of the non-pregnancy group. Conclusion Local renin-angiotensin system is dysregulated in peri-implantation endometrium and associated with abnormal angiogenesis in RIF and poor implantation outcome after embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacqueline Pui Wah Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen-Jui Yang
- Department of Infertility and Reproductive Medicine, Taiwan IVF Group Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Reproduction and Development Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong -Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Colin M, Delaitre C, Foulquier S, Dupuis F. The AT 1/AT 2 Receptor Equilibrium Is a Cornerstone of the Regulation of the Renin Angiotensin System beyond the Cardiovascular System. Molecules 2023; 28:5481. [PMID: 37513355 PMCID: PMC10383525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The AT1 receptor has mainly been associated with the pathological effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (e.g., hypertension, heart and kidney diseases), and constitutes a major therapeutic target. In contrast, the AT2 receptor is presented as the protective arm of this RAS, and its targeting via specific agonists is mainly used to counteract the effects of the AT1 receptor. The discovery of a local RAS has highlighted the importance of the balance between AT1/AT2 receptors at the tissue level. Disruption of this balance is suggested to be detrimental. The fine tuning of this balance is not limited to the regulation of the level of expression of these two receptors. Other mechanisms still largely unexplored, such as S-nitrosation of the AT1 receptor, homo- and heterodimerization, and the use of AT1 receptor-biased agonists, may significantly contribute to and/or interfere with the settings of this AT1/AT2 equilibrium. This review will detail, through several examples (the brain, wound healing, and the cellular cycle), the importance of the functional balance between AT1 and AT2 receptors, and how new molecular pharmacological approaches may act on its regulation to open up new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Colin
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MHeNS-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MHeNS-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Santisteban MM, Iadecola C. Hypertension, dietary salt and cognitive impairment. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:2112-2128. [PMID: 30295560 PMCID: PMC6282225 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18803374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is growing at an alarming rate worldwide. Although Alzheimer disease is the leading cause, over 50% of individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer disease have vascular lesions at autopsy. There has been an increasing appreciation of the pathogenic role of vascular risk factors in cognitive impairment caused by neurodegeneration. Midlife hypertension is a leading risk factor for late-life dementia. Hypertension alters cerebrovascular structure, impairs the major factors regulating the cerebral microcirculation, and promotes Alzheimer pathology. Experimental studies have identified brain perivascular macrophages as the major free radical source mediating neurovascular dysfunction of hypertension. Recent evidence indicates that high dietary salt may also induce cognitive impairment. Contrary to previous belief, the effect is not necessarily associated with hypertension and is mediated by a deficit in endothelial nitric oxide. Collectively, the evidence suggests a remarkable cellular diversity of the impact of vascular risk factors on the cerebral vasculature and cognition. Whereas long-term longitudinal epidemiological studies are needed to resolve the temporal relationships between vascular risk factors and cognitive dysfunction, single-cell molecular studies of the vasculature in animal models will provide a fuller mechanistic understanding. This knowledge is critical for developing new preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for these devastating diseases of the mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Santisteban
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Baldo MP, Rodrigues SL, Mill JG. High salt intake as a multifaceted cardiovascular disease: new support from cellular and molecular evidence. Heart Fail Rev 2016; 20:461-74. [PMID: 25725616 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-015-9478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Scientists worldwide have disseminated the idea that increased dietary salt increases blood pressure. Currently, salt intake in the general population is ten times higher than that consumed in the past and at least two times higher than the current recommendation. Indeed, a salt-rich diet increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. For a long time, however, the deleterious effects associated with high salt consumption were only related to the effect of salt on blood pressure. Currently, several other effects have been reported. In some cases, the deleterious effects of high salt consumption are independently associated with other common risk factors. In this article, we gather data on the effects of increased salt intake on the cardiovascular system, from infancy to adulthood, to describe the route by which increased salt intake leads to cardiovascular diseases. We have reviewed the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which a high intake of salt acts on the cardiovascular system to lead to the progressive failure of a healthy heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Perim Baldo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, Vitória, ES, 29042-755, Brazil,
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Imaizumi Y, Eguchi K, Murakami T, Arakawa K, Tsuchihashi T, Kario K. High Salt Intake Is Independently Associated With Hypertensive Target Organ Damage. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2016; 18:315-21. [PMID: 26390989 PMCID: PMC8031903 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The authors tested the hypothesis that high salt intake is associated with hypertensive target organ damage (TOD) independent of blood pressure (BP), and oxidative stress is a modifying factor of this association. A total of 369 community-dwelling Japanese adults (mean age, 67.5 years; 56.6% women) were examined in this observational study. At the patients' annual health check-ups, urinary salt excretion (U-SALT), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured from first morning urine. U-SALT (β=0.14, P=.016) and 8-OHdG (β=0.13, P=.018) were both independently associated with logUACR. U-SALT was associated with TOD independent of BP level, and oxidative stress may be a modifying factor in the association between high salt intake and TOD. The elevation of 8-OHdG may be involved in the pathophysiology of TOD induced by salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imaizumi
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeTochigiJapan
| | - Kazuo Eguchi
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeTochigiJapan
| | | | - Kimika Arakawa
- Division of Clinical Research InstituteNational Kyushu Medical CenterFukuokaJapan
| | | | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeTochigiJapan
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Houston M. The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:38-66. [PMID: 24575172 PMCID: PMC3935060 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular biology, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle and cardiac dysfunction play a primary role in the initiation and perpetuation of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and target organ damage. Nutrient-gene interactions and epigenetics are predominant factors in promoting beneficial or detrimental effects in cardiovascular health and hypertension. Macronutrients and micronutrients can prevent, control and treat hypertension through numerous mechanisms related to vascular biology. Oxidative stress, inflammation and autoimmune dysfunction initiate and propagate hypertension and cardiovascular disease. There is a role for the selected use of single and component nutraceutical supplements, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the treatment of hypertension based on scientifically controlled studies which complement optimal nutrition, coupled with other lifestyle modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Houston
- Mark Houston, Hypertension Institute, Saint Thomas Medical Plaza, Nashville, TN 37205, United States
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Houston M. Nutrition and nutraceutical supplements for the treatment of hypertension: part II. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2013; 15:845-51. [PMID: 24119236 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular biology, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle, and cardiac dysfunction play a primary role in the initiation and perpetuation of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and target organ damage. Nutrient-gene interactions and epigenetics are predominant factors in promoting beneficial or detrimental effects in cardiovascular health and hypertension. Macronutrients and micronutrients can prevent, control, and treat hypertension through numerous mechanisms related to vascular biology. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and autoimmune dysfunction initiate and propagate hypertension and cardiovascular disease. There is a role for the select use of single and component nutraceutical supplements, vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals in the treatment of hypertension based on scientifically controlled studies, which complement optimal nutrition, coupled with other lifestyle modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Houston
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Hypertension Institute of Nashville, Saint Thomas Medical Group and Health Services, Saint Thomas Hospital, Nashville, TN
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Houston MC. The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/cpr.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Foulquier S, Steckelings UM, Unger T. Impact of the AT(2) receptor agonist C21 on blood pressure and beyond. Curr Hypertens Rep 2013; 14:403-9. [PMID: 22836386 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-012-0291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that the angiotensin AT(2) receptor (AT(2)R) plays an important protective role during pathophysiologic conditions, acting as a repair system. The development of the first selective nonpeptide AT(2)R agonist C21 accelerated our understanding of AT(2)R-mediated protective signaling and actions. This article reviews the impact of C21 on blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive animal models. Although C21 does not act as a classical antihypertensive drug, it could be useful in preventing hypertension-induced vascular and other end organ damages via anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory actions. In particular, a strong body of evidence started to emerge around its anti-inflammatory feature. This property should be further investigated for potential clinical indications in cardiovascular diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Foulquier
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Differential effects of short-term treatment with two AT1 receptor blockers on diameter of pial arterioles in SHR. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42469. [PMID: 22957022 PMCID: PMC3434186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers is largely accepted for protecting cerebral circulation during hypertension, but beneficial effects of short-term treatments are questionable, as highlighted by the recent SCAST trial. We compared the impact of 10 days treatment with candesartan (as SCAST) versus telmisartan (previously described to reverse arteriolar remodeling, chronic treatment) on pial arterioles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We explored whether PPAR-gamma agonist activity or AT(1) receptor blockade are involved in their differential effects. In the first study, 4-month-old male SHR were treated with telmisartan (TELMI, 2 mg/kg per day) or candesartan cilexetil (CANDE, 10 mg/kg per day) and compared to vehicle treated SHR and normotensive WKY. In a second study, SHR were treated with CANDE, pioglitazone (a PPAR-gamma agonist, PIO 2.5 mg/kg per day) or CANDE+PIO, compared to TELMI. Internal diameter of pial arterioles (ID, cranial window) was measured at baseline, during hemorrhage-induced hypotension, or following suffusion of Ang II (10(-6) mol/L) or EDTA inactivation of smooth muscle cells (passive ID). PPAR-gamma and eNOS (target gene of PPAR-gamma) mRNA were evaluated in brain microvessels. For similar antihypertensive effects, TELMI (+44% versus SHR), but not CANDE, increased baseline ID. During hemorrhage, ID in TELMI group was similar to WKY, while ID in SHR and CANDE remained lower. In the second study, TELMI (+36%, versus SHR) and CANDE+PIO (+43%) increased baseline ID, but not CANDE or PIO alone. TELMI (-66%) and CANDE+PIO (-69%), but neither CANDE nor PIO alone, decreased Ang II-induced vasoconstriction. CANDE+PIO, but not CANDE, increased passive ID. In both studies, PPAR-gamma and eNOS expressions were higher in TELMI than CANDE. Short-term treatment with TELMI, but not with CANDE, reverses narrowing of pial arteriolar ID in SHR. This may involve PPAR-gamma related mechanisms, since CANDE+PIO treatment induced similar effects, and a better blockade of AT(1) receptors.
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