Prediction of incident hypertension. Health implications of data mining in the ‘Big Data’ era

Concurrent dietary intake to nitrate, thiocyanate, and perchlorate is negatively associated with hypertension in adults in the USA

We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association of urinary nitrate, thiocyanate, and perchlorate metabolites with hypertension among a nationally representative sample of the US adult population. This cross-sectional study investigated data from 15,717 adults aged more than 20 years obtained from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 2005-2016. In the survey, urinary levels of nitrate, thiocyanate, and perchlorate were measured using ion chromatography combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Blood pressure was calculated as the mean of three measurements. Hypertension was defined as (a) systolic BP ≥130 and/or diastolic BP ≥80 mmHg and/or (b) self-report. Multivariate logistic regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models were applied to estimate the association between exposure to multiple inorganic anions and hypertension. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions were fitted to discern the potential relationship between the anion exposure and hypertension. These innovation methods used to support our results. Overall, 7533 (49.95%) people with and 7638 (50.35%) without hypertension were included in this study. In the multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, urinary nitrate (P < 0.001) and perchlorate (P < 0.001) were independently negatively associated with increased occurrence of hypertension, while urinary thiocyanate was insignificantly associated with hypertension (P = 0.664). The WQS regression index showed that, in combination, the three inorganic anions mixture were negatively correlated with hypertension (adjusted OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.83-0.95, P < 0.001). Urinary nitrate was the most heavily weighted component in the hypertension model (weight = 0.784). RCS regression demonstrated that nitrate (nonlinearity P = 0.205) and perchlorate (nonlinearity P = 0.701) were linearly associated with decreased occurrence of hypertension. Concurrent exposure to nitrate, thiocyanate, and perchlorate is associated with a decreased risk of hypertension, with the greatest influence coming from nitrate probably; urinary specific thiocyanate alone had an insignificant association with hypertension.

Improvement in Hypertension Management with Pharmacological and Non- Pharmacological Approaches: Current Perspectives

PURPOSE

Improving hypertension management is still one of the biggest challenges in public health worldwide. Existing guidelines do not reach a consensus on the optimal Blood Pressure (BP) target. Therefore, how to effectively manage hypertension based on individual characteristics of patients, combined with the pharmacological and non-pharmacological approach, has become a problem to be urgently considered.

METHODS

Reports published in PubMed that covered Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Approaches in subjects taking hypertension management were reviewed by the group independently and collectively. Practical recommendations for hypertension management were established by the panel.

RESULTS

Pharmacological mechanism, action characteristics, and main adverse reactions varied across different pharmacological agents, and patients with hypertension often require a combination of antihypertensive medications to achieve the target BP range. Non-pharmacological treatment provides an additional effective method for improving therapy adherence and long-term BP control, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and slowing down the progression of the disease.

CONCLUSION

This review summarizes the available literature on the most convincing guideline principles, pharmacological treatment, biotechnology interference, interventional surgical treatment, managing hypertension with technical means of big data, Artificial Intelligence and Behavioral Intervention, as well as providing future directions, for facilitating Current and Developing knowledge into clinical implementation.

Influence of anxiety and anesthetic vasoconstrictors upon hemodynamic parameters during dental procedures in controlled hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients

Background

To determine the influence of dental anxiety and the vasoconstrictor used in local anesthesia upon different hemodynamic parameters - systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SatO2) - during dental extraction and oral hygiene. The safety of local anesthesia with vasoconstrictor in patients with medically controlled hypertension was also assessed.

Material and Methods

A total of 159 patients were divided into two groups according to the dental treatment received: tooth extraction (n = 106) and oral hygiene (n = 53). The hemodynamic parameters (SBP, DBP, HR and SatO2) were recorded throughout dental treatment. Patient anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Modified Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and the Hamilton test.

Results

The HR increased after anesthetic infiltration with vasoconstrictor and decreased after the tooth extraction. However, HR remained stable in the oral hygiene group, in both hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients. The SatO2 values decreased after anesthetic infiltration with vasoconstrictor. These slight changes associated with the vasoconstrictor agent were observed in patients without anxiety, but not in patients with mild or moderate anxiety. Both SBP and DBP remained constant after local anesthetic infiltration with vasoconstrictor, regardless of whether the patients presented hypertension or moderate anxiety.

Conclusions

The vasoconstrictor used in local anesthesia may induce a very subtle increase in HR, with no significant increase in patients who experience anxiety.

Key words:Tooth extraction, dental anesthesia, vasoconstrictor agents, dental anxiety, hypertension.

Cryptostrobin and catechin isolated from Eugenia mattosii D. Legrand leaves induce endothelium-dependent and independent relaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rat aorta

BACKGROUND

Considering the therapeutic potential of phenolic compounds, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in the relaxation induced by cryptostrobin and catechin, isolated from Eugenia mattosii D. Legrand leaves, in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

METHODS

The thoracic aorta was isolated from SHR and kept in the organ bath system by recording contractile or relaxant responses.

RESULTS

The addition of cumulative concentrations of cryptostrobin and catechin induced endothelium-dependent and-independent relaxation in aorta rings from SHR, as well as both compounds were effective in reducing phenylephrine-induced contraction. Pretreatment of aortic rings with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methylester (L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) or 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase), resulted in a significant change of relaxant effect induced by catechin, and a slight influence on cryptostrobin-induced relaxation. Muscarinic receptor and potassium channels are involved in catechin-induced relaxation as assessed using atropine (a muscarinic receptor antagonist), tetraethylammonium (a non-selective K+ channel blocker) and glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker). Conversely, cryptostrobin, but not catechin, blunted the contraction induced by the addition of phenylephrine in a calcium-free solution. Besides that, cryptostrobin attenuated the contraction of rat aorta rings induced by internal Ca2+ release and external Ca2+ influx.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings indicated that cryptostrobin and catechin alter vascular smooth muscle reactivity, and this effect may be involved, at least in part, by enhancing the endothelium NO/cGMP pathway and potassium channels activation. In addition, cryptostrobin reduced the phenylephrine, KCl and CaCl2-induced contractions in a calcium-free solution.

A genomic data mining pipeline for 15 species of the genus Olea

In the big data era, conventional bioinformatics seems to fail in managing the full extent of the available genomic information. The current study is focused on olive tree species and the collection and analysis of genetic and genomic data, which are fragmented in various depositories. Extra virgin olive oil is classified as a medical food, due to nutraceutical benefits and its protective properties against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, age-related diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and many other diseases. Extensive studies have reported the benefits of olive oil on human health. However, available data at the nucleotide sequence level are highly unstructured. Towards this aim, we describe an in-silico approach that combines methods from data mining and machine learning pipelines to ontology classification and semantic annotation. Fusing and analysing all available olive tree data is a step of uttermost importance in classifying and characterising the various cultivars, towards a comprehensive approach under the context of food safety and public health.

The novel analogue of hirsutine as an anti-hypertension and vasodilatary agent both in vitro and in vivo

In this paper, an analogue of hirsutine (compound 1) has been synthesized and evaluated as an anti-hypertension agent, which exhibits extraordinary effects on the contractile response of thoracic aorta rings from male SD rats in vitro (IC50 = 1.129×10(-9)±0.5025) and the abilities of reducing the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) of SHR in vivo. The mechanism investigation reveals that the vasodilatation induced by compound 1 is mediated by both endothelium-dependent and -independent manners. The relaxation in endothelium-intact aortic rings induced by compound 1 can be inhibited by L-NAME (1×10(-6) mol•L(-1)) and ODQ (1×10(-6) mol•L(-1)). Moreover, compound 1 can also block Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels and inhibit intracellular Ca2+ release while no effect on K+ channel has been observed. All these data demonstrated that the NO/cyclic GMP pathway can be involved in endothelium-dependent manner induced by compound 1. Meanwhile the mechanism on the vasodilatation of compound 1 probably also related to blockade of Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels and inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ release may have no relationship with K+ channels.

Arterial hypertension and other risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases among adults

OBJECTIVE

to identify the prevalence of arterial hypertension and its association with cardiovascular risk factors among adults.

METHOD

cross-sectional, population-based, descriptive study conducted with 408 adult individuals. Data were collected through a questionnaire and measurements of weight, height and waist circumference. Person's Chi-square and multiple logistic regression were used in the data analysis.

RESULTS

23.03% of the individuals reported hypertension with a higher prevalence among women. Odds Ratio indicated that smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were positively associated with arterial hypertension.

CONCLUSION

high self-reported hypertension and its association with other cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia show the need for specific nursing interventions and the implementation of protocols focused on minimizing complications arising from hypertension, as well as to prevent the emergence of other cardiovascular diseases.