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Newhauser WD, Williams JP, Noska MA, Bluth EI, Townsend LW, Tolmachev SY, Dewji SA. In support of ICRP's call to action to strengthen expertise in radiological protection worldwide. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023:10.1007/s00411-023-01038-z. [PMID: 37436488 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne D Newhauser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University and Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, 439-B Nicholson Hall, Tower Dr., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-4001, USA.
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | | | - Edward I Bluth
- Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA, 70121, USA
| | - Lawrence W Townsend
- University of Tennessee, 244 Zeanah Engineering Complex, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sergey Y Tolmachev
- United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, 1845 Terminal Drive, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Shaheen A Dewji
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Programs, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Armao D, Hartman TS, Katz L, Shea CM, Koschnitzky J, Yang R, Smith JK, Quinsey C. Radiation safety education and diagnostic imaging in pediatric patients with surgically treated hydrocephalus: the patient and family perspective. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:491-497. [PMID: 32710252 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgically treated hydrocephalus patients are frequently imaged with head computed tomography (CT), and risk/benefit communication with families is inconsistent and unknown. We aimed to educate patients and caregivers about radiation safety in CT and explore their communication preferences. METHODS We conducted a pediatric CT radiation safety and diagnostic imaging educational workshop for patients and caregivers at a national conference on hydrocephalus to characterize current practice and desired communication about CT imaging. Our workshop consisted of an interactive educational intervention with pre-/post-session surveys followed by feedback from participants. RESULTS Our session included 34 participants (100% response rate for surveys) with 28 being parents of individuals with hydrocephalus. A total of 76% (n = 26) participants showed an increase in knowledge after the session (p < 0.01). All participants (N = 34) uniformly desired risk/benefit discussions before CT scans. However, 71% stated that they were not informed of risks/benefits of CT scans by a medical professional. Following the session, the number of participants indicating that informed consent should be obtained before CT scans increased from 30 to 33. Respondents also revealed that 14% of children and young adults had received > 100 CT scans for shunt evaluation with the median being 25 scans (IQR 20). CONCLUSIONS Caregivers desire and deserve to be empowered through education and social support, and continuously engaged through sharing decisions and co-designing care plans. The neurosurgical community is in an ideal position to collaborate with radiologists, primary care providers, and parents in the development and testing of credible, high-quality online and social media resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Armao
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7510, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7510, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7510, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7510, USA.
| | - Terry S Hartman
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7510, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7510, USA.,Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Professionals, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Laurence Katz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher M Shea
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Richard Yang
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - J Keith Smith
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7510, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7510, USA
| | - Carolyn Quinsey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Hayar M, Durankuş NK, Altun GD, Koçak Z, Uzal MC, Saynak M. Investigation of differences of sacral and vertebral bone mineral densities before and after radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Cancer Radiother 2019; 23:408-415. [PMID: 31331841 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is a treatment method performed using ionizing radiation on cancer patients either alone or with surgery and/or chemotherapy. Although modern radiotherapy techniques provide a significant advantage in protecting healthy tissues, it is inevitable that normal tissues are also located in the areas targeted by radiations. In this study, we aimed to examine the bone mineral density changes in bone structures commonly included in the irradiated area such as, L5 vertebra, sacrum, and femur heads, in patients who have received pelvic radiotherapy; and the relationship between these changes with radiation dose. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients included in the study had been previously diagnosed with rectal cancer, which were operated or not. Preoperative or postoperative pelvic radiotherapy was planned for all patients. In terms of convenience when comparing with future scans, all densitometry and CT scans were performed with the same devices. Fifteen patients were included in the study. In order to determine the dose of radiation each identified area had taken after radiotherapy, the sacrum, L5 vertebra, bilateral femoral heads, and L1 regions were contoured in the CT scans in which treatment planning was done. Sagittal cross-sectional images were taken advantage of while these regions were being contoured. RESULTS Bone mineral density was evaluated with CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after the treatment. The regions that have theoretically been exposed to irradiation, such as L5, sacrum, left to right femur were found to have significant difference in terms of bone density. According to CT evaluation, there was a significant decrease in bone intensity of L5, sacrum, left and right femurs. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessment revealed that the whole of the left femoral head, left femur neck and Ward's region were significantly affected by radiotherapy. However, there was no significant difference in the sacrum and L5 vertebra before and after radiotherapy. CONCLUSION More accurate results could be achieved if the same study was conducted on a larger patient population, with a longer follow-up period. When the reduction in bone density is at maximum or a cure is likely in a long-term period, bone mineral density could be determined by measurements performed at regular intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hayar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Balıkesir State Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - N K Durankuş
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koc University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - G D Altun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Z Koçak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - M C Uzal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - M Saynak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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Armao D, Hartman TS, Shea CM, Katz L, Thurnes T, Smith JK. Maximizing Benefit and Minimizing Risk in Medical Imaging Use: An Educational Primer for Health Care Professions Students. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2018; 5:2382120518798812. [PMID: 30211315 PMCID: PMC6131289 DOI: 10.1177/2382120518798812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
"I am not young enough to know everything."Oscar Wilde. BACKGROUND There is insufficient knowledge among providers and patients/caregivers of ionizing radiation exposure from medical imaging examinations. This study used a brief, interactive educational intervention targeting the topics of best imaging practices and radiation safety early in health professions students' training. The authors hypothesized that public health, medical, and physician assistant students who receive early education for imaging appropriateness and radiation safety will undergo a change in attitude and have increased awareness and knowledge of these topics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors conducted a 1.5-hour interactive educational intervention focusing on medical imaging utilization and radiation safety. Students were presented with a pre/postquestionnaire and data were analyzed using t tests and multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS A total of 301 students were enrolled in the study. There was 58% (P < .01) and 85% (P < .01) improvement in attitude and knowledge regarding appropriateness of imaging, respectively. The authors also found an 8% increase (P < .01) in students who thought informed consent should be obtained prior to pediatric computed tomographic imaging. Physical assistant students were more likely than medical students to prefer obtaining informed consent at baseline (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS A brief educational session provided to health professions students early in their education showed an increased awareness and knowledge of the utility, limitations, and risks associated with medical imaging. Incorporation of a best imagining practice educational session early during medical education may promote more thoughtful imaging decisions for future medical providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Armao
- Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Physician Assistant
Studies, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | - Terry S Hartman
- Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
| | - Christopher M Shea
- Department of Health Policy and
Management, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laurence Katz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School
of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
| | - Tracey Thurnes
- Department of Physician Assistant
Studies, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | - J Keith Smith
- Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,
USA
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