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Dogra S, Sharma K, Singh N. Water quality and health risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater of Ranbir Singh Pura tehsil of Jammu and Kashmir, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1026. [PMID: 37552319 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is one of the important sources available for drinking, agricultural, domestic, and various other purposes in the study area. Study area is having agricultural importance and is famous for Basmati rice production in the world. In order to assess water suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes, 25 sampling sites were selected and water samples were collected from handpumps, borewells and motors from May 2022 to June 2022. Fifteen physico-chemical parameters and water quality index (WQI) was calculated to assess the drinking water suitability. The results obtained then compared with the BIS (2012) and WHO drinking water guidelines. For irrigation water suitability, irrigation water quality index (IWQI) and other indices were calculated. Heavy metal health risk assessment was also evaluated using target hazard quotient (THQ), carcinogenic risks (CR), non-carcinogenic risks, heavy metal pollution index (HPI), etc. Study found 60% of water samples under poor category of WQI. All water samples were found suitable for irrigation purposes according to different indices except for permeability index for which only 32% samples were found suitable. IWQI classifies 52%, 32%, and 12% of water samples under moderate, low, and no restriction category respectively. Groundwater of the study area found to be contaminated with copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) while low contamination of zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As) was found according to heavy metal evaluation index (HEI). High contamination of chromium (HPI= 9740.8) and lead (HPI=188) was recorded as per HPI. HQ value for men, women, and children in case of zinc were found safe while HQ values for copper and lead in all population groups were found at risk. Overall, the study area was found highly contaminated with the lead, copper, and chromium concentrations. Thus, study recommends regular monitoring of the groundwater of study area as well as treatment before using this water for drinking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somalya Dogra
- Dept. of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Komal Sharma
- Dept. of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Singh
- Dept. of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
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Kaur M, Kumar A, Mehra R, Mishra R. Assessment of radon, thoron, and their progeny concentrations in the dwellings of Shivalik hills of Jammu and Kashmir, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5685-5701. [PMID: 33161512 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work determines the contents of active and passive indoor 222Rn, 220Rn, and their daughter in the 32 houses of the Reasi district of J&K, India. The passive 222Rn and 220Rn concentration was measured by dosimeters, whereas the active content was measured by active radon monitor. Progeny sensors and integrated samplers were operated for the evaluation of passive and active daughter contents of 222Rn and 220Rn. The measured averaged values of indoor 220Rn and 222Rn were 73 ± 40 and 22 ± 8 Bqm-3, respectively. The radon and thoron equilibrium factor has varied from 0.3 to 1.7 and from 0.006 to 0.6. The fine fraction of the above-mentioned gases was also calculated. The results of Mann-Whitney test statistically demonstrated significant differences between the content of indoor 222Rn, 220Rn, and their daughter for different seasons. The values of 222Rn, 220Rn, and their daughter content were appeared to be elevated in set of mud houses among all sets of houses. The values of all daughter concentration and indoor 222Rn were appeared to lie within the limit proposed by various agencies. The total doses were detected less than range commended by ICRP that suggested the district is safe as a health hazard point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Physics, DAV College, Katra Sher Singh, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
- Department of Physics, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Physics, DAV College, Katra Sher Singh, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India.
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Physics, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Rosaline Mishra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India
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Thakur N, Bhadwal R, Kumar J, Kaur M, Mehra R, Kumar A. Effect of natural radionuclide's in the environment along the Jwalamukhi thrust of Himachal Pradesh, North West Himalayas, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:1783-1793. [PMID: 34676512 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This research paper is devoted to measure the activity contents of natural radionuclide, like, radium (226Ra), thorium (232Th) and potassium (40K) in the soil gathered along the Jwalamukhi thrust of Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalayas, India. NaI(Tl) Scintillator detector was utilized for the estimation of activity content. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for some of the soil samples have been observed to be above the global normal mean values. The outcomes acquired for indoor and outdoor effective dosage are well below the normal international and national proposed results. The determined values of external hazard (Hex) for studied locations are less than unity, therefore; samples assembled from these regions are safe from a health hazard point of view and can be utilized as a construction purposes without producing any radio-logical hazard to human beings. The average estimations of radium equivalent activity were found to be within the limits suggested by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) exhalation rates have also been calculated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Thakur
- Department of Physics, Career point university, Hamirpur, HP, India
| | - Reetika Bhadwal
- Department of Physics, Career point university, Hamirpur, HP, India
| | | | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Physics, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
- Department of Physics, DAV College Amritsar, Amritsar, India
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Physics, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Physics, DAV College Amritsar, Amritsar, India.
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Kumar M, Kumar P, Agrawal A, Sahoo BK. Radon concentration measurement and effective dose assessment in drinking groundwater for the adult population in the surrounding area of a thermal power plant. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:551-559. [PMID: 35350007 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radon in the household water collected from hand pumps is measured using a continuous radon monitor. Water samples are collected from 25 villages from the surrounding regions of the National Capital Power Cooperation (NTPC), Dadri. The radon concentration ranges from 17±1 to 68±3 Bql-1 with a mean value of 33±13 Bql-1. The measured radon concentration in all collected samples lies well within the limit of 100 Bql-1as set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The mean values of the annual effective dose due to ingestion of radon and due to the inhalation of radon released from water are 84±33 and 167±65 μSvy-1, respectively. In addition, the mean values of estimated total annual effective doses are found to be 167±65 μSvy-1. The mean value of total annual effective doses is found to be higher than the reference dose level of 100 μSvy-1 recommended by the WHO and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The mean values of effective doses per annum to the lungs and stomach are 9.9±3.9 and 10.1±3.9 μSv, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, S.V. College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India E-mail:
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Physics, S.V. College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India E-mail:
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Department of Chemistry, D.S. College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202001, India
| | - B K Sahoo
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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222Rn measurements in drinking water and annual effective dose for the adult population around a coal-based and atomic power plant in Uttar Pradesh, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kaur M, Kumar A, Mehra R, Kaur I. Quantitative assessment of exposure of heavy metals in groundwater and soil on human health in Reasi district, Jammu and Kashmir. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:77-94. [PMID: 31011940 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of heavy metal contents in environmental sectors is important to estimate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic doses and risks for the mankind associated with it. The present work deals with the assessment of the risk exposure related to heavy metal contents in groundwater and soil samples to two different age groups via three different transits, i.e., ingestion, inhalation and dermal. The concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb and Cr) were measured in the villages of lower Himalayas of Reasi district by using microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer. The calculated mean contamination factors of heavy metals in soil samples were as: Zn, 0.73; Cu, 0.70; Pb, 0.74; and Cr, 0.33; which led to pollution load index less than unity. The overall carcinogenic risks have been varied from 6.4E-08 to 5.1E-07 in soil samples and from 7.3E-06 to 1.1E-04 in ground water samples and were found to be well within the range prescribed by USEPA (Screening level ecological risk assessment protocol for hazardous waste combustion facilities, appendix E: toxicity reference values, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1999). The mean values of heavy metal contents except lead and chromium in water samples were found to be less than the values prescribed by various agencies. Geo-accumulation Index showed that Pb contribute to the highest contamination (0 < Igeo < 1) among the other heavy metals. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis identified that Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr had a relationship and the presence of these heavy metals could be related to vehicle emissions, traffic sources and industrial sources. The overall mean values of the non-carcinogenic doses and associated hazard risks in soil and water samples calculated for children were found to be higher than the adults which may be due to hand to mouth activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Physics, DAV College, Katra Sher Singh, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
- Department of Physics, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Physics, DAV College, Katra Sher Singh, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India.
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Physics, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Inderpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
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Kaur M, Kumar A, Mehra R, Mishra R. Age-dependent ingestion and inhalation doses due to intake of uranium and radon in water samples of Shiwalik Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:224. [PMID: 30879151 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The research work involved the ingestion and inhalation doses due to the intake of radon and uranium through water samples used by the inhabitants, measured in the villages of the Shiwalik Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The uranium concentration in collected water samples was assessed by LED fluorimetric technique. All values of doses were found to be below the proposed limit of 100 μSv year-1 for all age categories except for infants due to the high-dose conversion factor. The annual effective doses for the various body organs due to the intake of radon was also calculated and found the maximum dose for lungs than other organs. The concentration of radon in water samples was assessed by Smart Rn Duo portable monitor and compared with RAD7. Statistical analysis was carried out and the Shapiro and Wilk (Biometrika, 52(3/4), 591-611, 1965) test has been also used for the distribution of the data. The physicochemical parameters were also measured in the collected water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Physics, DAV College, Katra Sher Singh, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
- Department of Physics, National institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Physics, DAV College, Katra Sher Singh, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India.
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Physics, National institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Rosaline Mishra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
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Kumar A, Sharma S, Mehra R, Kanwar P, Mishra R, Kaur I. Assessment of radon concentration and heavy metal contamination in groundwater of Udhampur district, Jammu & Kashmir, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:815-831. [PMID: 29039044 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Radon concentration was measured in water samples of 41 different locations from Udhampur district of Jammu & Kashmir, India, by using RAD7 and Smart RnDuo monitor. The variation of radon concentration in water ranged from 1.44 ± 0.31 to 63.64 ± 2.88 Bq L-1, with a mean value of 28.73 Bq L-1 using RAD7 and 0.64 ± 0.28 to 52.65 ± 2.50 Bq L-1, with a mean value of 20.30 Bq L-1 using Smart RnDuo monitor, respectively. About 17.07% of the studied water samples recorded to display elevated radon concentration above the reference range suggested by United Nation Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiations (UNSCEAR). The mean annual effective dose of these samples was determined, and 78.95% samples were found to be within the safe limits set by World Health Organisation (WHO) and European Council (EU). The study revealed good agreement between the values obtained with two methods. Heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Ni, As, Hg, Co, Pb and Cr) were determined in water samples by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer, and their correlation with radon content was also analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Physics, DAV College, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India.
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Physics, DAV College, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
- Department of Physics, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Physics, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Priya Kanwar
- Central Ground Water Board, North Western Himalayan Region, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Rosaline Mishra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Inderpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
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