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Moloudi K, Azariasl S, Abrahamse H, George BP, Yasuda H. Expected role of photodynamic therapy to relieve skin damage in nuclear or radiological emergency: Review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 110:104517. [PMID: 39032581 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear and radiological accidents can occur due to poor management, in transportation, radiation therapy and nuclear wards in hospitals, leading to extreme radiation exposure and serious consequences for human health. Additionally, in many of previous radiological accidents, skin damage was observed in patients and survivors due to the high radiation exposure. However, as part of a medical countermeasures in a nuclear/radiological emergency, it is critical to plan for the treatment of radiation-induced skin damage. Hence, the new, non-invasive technology of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is projected to be more effectively used for treating skin damage caused by high-dose radiation. PDT plays an important role in treating, repairing skin damage and promoting wound healing as evidenced by research. This review, highlighted and recommended potential impacts of PDT to repair and decrease radiation-induced skin tissue damage. Moreover, we have suggested some photosensitizer (PS) agent as radio-mitigator drugs to decrease radiobiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kave Moloudi
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Samayeh Azariasl
- Department of Radiation Biophysics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku 734-8553, Japan
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Blassan P George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hiroshi Yasuda
- Department of Radiation Biophysics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Minami-ku 734-8553, Japan
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2
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Lv X, Zhao N, Long S, Wang G, Ran X, Gao J, Wang J, Wang T. 3D skin bioprinting as promising therapeutic strategy for radiation-associated skin injuries. Wound Repair Regen 2024; 32:217-228. [PMID: 38602068 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Both cutaneous radiation injury and radiation combined injury (RCI) could have serious skin traumas, which are collectively referred to as radiation-associated skin injuries in this paper. These two types of skin injuries require special managements of wounds, and the therapeutic effects still need to be further improved. Cutaneous radiation injuries are common in both radiotherapy patients and victims of radioactive source accidents, which could lead to skin necrosis and ulcers in serious conditions. At present, there are still many challenges in management of cutaneous radiation injuries including early diagnosis, lesion assessment, and treatment prognosis. Radiation combined injuries are special and important issues in severe nuclear accidents, which often accompanied by serious skin traumas. Mass victims of RCI would be the focus of public health concern. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, as a versatile and favourable technique, offers effective approaches to fabricate biomimetic architectures with bioactivity, which provides potentials for resolve the challenges in treating radiation-associated skin injuries. Combining with the cutting-edge advances in 3D skin bioprinting, the authors analyse the damage characteristics of skin wounds in both cutaneous radiation injury and RCI and look forward to the potential value of 3D skin bioprinting for the treatments of radiation-associated skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Long
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xinze Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jining Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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3
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Yang P, Zhang S, Yan T, Li F, Zhang S. The Therapeutic Application of Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes in the Treatment of Radiation-Induced Skin Injury. Radiat Res 2023; 199:182-201. [PMID: 36630584 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00023.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced skin injury (RISI) is a serious concern for nuclear accidents and cancer radiotherapy, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. This injury differs from traditional wounds due to impaired healing and the propensity to recurrence and is divided into acute and chronic phases on the basis of the injury time. Unfortunately, there are few effective therapies for preventing or mitigating this injury. Over the last few decades, various studies have focused on the effects of stem cell-based therapies to address the tissue repair and regeneration of irradiated skin. These stem cells modulate inflammation and instigate tissue repair by differentiating into specific kinds of cells or releasing paracrine factors. Stem cell-based therapies, including bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF), have been reported to facilitate wound healing after radiation exposure. Moreover, stem cell-derived exosomes have recently been suggested as an effective and cell-free approach to support skin regeneration, circumventing the concerns respecting direct application of stem cells. Based on the literature on stem cell-based therapies for radiation-induced skin injury, we summarize the characteristics of different stem cells and describe their latest animal and clinical applications, as well as potential mechanisms. The promise of stem-cell based therapies against radiation-induced skin injury contribute to our response to nuclear events and smooth progress of cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuaijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- PLA Rocket Rorce Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang 621099, China
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4
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Li C, Qi L, Zhang Y, Gao F, Jin X, Zhang L, Tang H, Li M. Image quality and clinical usefulness of automatic tube current modulation technology in female chest computed tomography screening. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21719. [PMID: 32872052 PMCID: PMC7437791 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed to evaluate the image quality and radiation dose during female chest computed tomography (CT) screening using organ-based tube current modulation technology X-ray combined applications to reduce exposure (XCARE).Five hundred sixty female individuals undergoing chest CT scan were prospectively enrolled and divided into 4 groups based on body mass index (BMI). Then they were randomly and equally divided into control and experimental subgroup and respectively accepted conventional low-dose and XCARE technology spiral CT scan with same parameters. Signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were calculated. The quality of the images was evaluated by 2 radiologists using a 5-point scale.Among experimental subgroups of the 4 BMI groups, Signal-to-noise ratios, CT dose index of volume, dose-length product, effective dose, and contrast-to-noise ratio all displayed significant differences, as well as in control subgroups (P < .001). Both the experimental and control subgroups showed an increasing trend in radiation dose with the increasing of BMI. Parameters of image quality and radiation dose displayed no significant differences between control and experimental subgroups in the 4 groups. In multiple linear regression analysis, age and scanning protocol were not associated with radiation dose (P > .05), while BMI was significantly associated with increased CT dose index of volume (P < .05). The display of the lesions for the patients in the control and experimental subgroups of the 4 groups with different BMIs exhibited no statistically significant difference.The same image quality and radiation dose can be obtained using XCARE technology compared to conventional chest CT scans, which can be used regularly in female patients.Advances in knowledge: Using automatic tube current modulation technology to reduce exposure in breast. In this study, we sought a radiation protection method for sensitive tissue in chest CT screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
| | - Xiu Jin
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
| | - Lukai Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
| | | | - Ming Li
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
- Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway suppresses radiation-induced dermal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13594. [PMID: 32788612 PMCID: PMC7423922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive fibrosis of the dermal tissues is a challenging complication of radiotherapy whose underlying mechanism is not fully understood, and there are few available treatments. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in fibrosis as well as in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We investigated whether inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with sLRP6E1E2, a molecule that binds to extracellular Wnt ligands, ameliorated radiation-induced fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. Radiation with a single dose of 2 Gy not only facilitated fibrosis in cultured human dermal fibroblasts via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway but also initiated EMT in cultured keratinocytes, developing collagen-producing mesenchymal cells. sLRP6E1E2-expressing adenovirus treatment exerted anti-fibrotic activity in irradiated cultured dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. In a mouse model, a single fraction of 15 Gy was delivered to the dorsal skins of 36 mice randomized into three groups: those receiving PBS, those receiving control adenovirus, and those receiving decoy Wnt receptor-expressing adenovirus (dE1-k35/sLRP6E1E2). The mice were observed for 16 weeks, and excessive deposition of type I collagen was suppressed by sLRP6E1E2-expressing adenovirus treatment. These results demonstrate that the modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has the potential to decrease the severity of radiation-induced dermal fibrosis.
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Burnett LR, Gabard AR, Robinson M, Bourland JD, Dorand JE, Dozier S, Xiao R, Roy DC, Tytell M. Biomolecular Analysis of Beta Dose-Dependent Cutaneous Radiation Injury in a Porcine Model. Radiat Res 2019; 192:145-158. [PMID: 31166846 DOI: 10.1667/rr14283.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
While cutaneous radiation injury (CRI) is generally referenced as a consequence of a nuclear attack, it can also be caused by less dangerous events such as the use of dirty bombs, industrial radiological accidents, or accidental overexposure of beta (β) particle or gamma (γ) radiation sources in medical procedures. Although the gross clinical consequences of these injuries have been well documented, relatively little is known about the molecular changes underlying the progression of pathology. Here we describe a porcine model of cutaneous radiation injury after skin was exposed to strontium-90 b particle at doses of 16-42 Gy and characterize the anatomical and molecular changes over 70 days. The results show that irradiated sites displayed dosedependent increases in erythema and moist desquamation that peaked between days 35 and 42. Dose-dependent histopathological changes were observed, with higher doses exhibiting increased inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia beyond day 35. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed that exposure to 37 Gy β-particle radiation decreased epidermal cell proliferation and desmosomal junction proteins at day 70, suggesting compromised epidermal integrity. Metabolomic analysis of biopsies revealed dose- and time-dependent changes as high as 252-fold in several metabolites not previously linked to CRI. These alterations were seen in pathways reflecting protein degradation, oxidative stress, eicosanoid production, collagen matrix remodeling, mitochondrial stress, cell membrane composition and vascular disruption. Taken together, these data show that exposure to high doses of β particle damaged the molecular processes underlying skin integrity to a greater extent and for a longer period of time than has been shown previously. These findings further understanding of radiation-induced skin injury and serve as a foundation for the development and testing of potential therapeutics to treat CRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mac Robinson
- Department of b Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Graduate School, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - J Daniel Bourland
- c Department of Radiation Oncology and Physics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Graduate School, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer E Dorand
- c Department of Radiation Oncology and Physics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Graduate School, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Stephen Dozier
- Department of b Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Graduate School, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Roy Xiao
- Department of b Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Graduate School, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Daniel C Roy
- a KeraNetics, LLC, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael Tytell
- Department of b Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Graduate School, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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7
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Miller ED, Song F, Smith JD, Ayan AS, Mo X, Weldon M, Lu L, Campbell PG, Bhatt AD, Chakravarti A, Jacob NK. Plasma-based biomaterials for the treatment of cutaneous radiation injury. Wound Repair Regen 2018; 27:139-149. [PMID: 30576033 PMCID: PMC7261420 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wounds caused by an exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation remain a therapeutic challenge. While new experimental strategies for treatment are being developed, there are currently no off‐the‐shelf therapies for the treatment of cutaneous radiation injury that have been proven to promote repair of the damaged tissues. Plasma‐based biomaterials are biologically active biomaterials made from platelet enriched plasma, which can be made into both solid and semi‐solid forms, are inexpensive, and are available as off‐the‐shelf, nonrefrigerated products. In this study, the use of plasma‐based biomaterials for the mitigation of acute and late toxicity for cutaneous radiation injury was investigated using a mouse model. A 2‐cm diameter circle of the dorsal skin was irradiated with a single dose of 35 Gy followed by topical treatment with plasma‐based biomaterial or vehicle once daily for 5 weeks postirradiation. Weekly imaging demonstrated more complete wound resolution in the plasma‐based biomaterial vs. vehicle group which became statistically significant (p < 0.05) at weeks 12, 13, and 14 postmaximum wound area. Despite more complete wound healing, at 9 and 17 weeks postirradiation, there was no statistically significant difference in collagen deposition or skin thickness between the plasma‐based biomaterial and vehicle groups based on Masson trichrome staining nor was there a statistically significant difference in inflammatory or fibrosis‐related gene expression between the groups. Although significant improvement was not observed for late toxicity, plasma‐based biomaterials were effective at promoting wound closure, thus helping to mitigate acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Feifei Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jason D Smith
- Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Carmell Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ahmet S Ayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael Weldon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lanchun Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Phil G Campbell
- Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aashish D Bhatt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Naduparambil K Jacob
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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8
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Jung HM, Lee JE, Lee SJ, Lee JT, Kwon TY, Kwon TG. Development of an experimental model for radiation-induced inhibition of cranial bone regeneration. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2018; 40:34. [PMID: 30525010 PMCID: PMC6249347 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-018-0173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation therapy is widely employed in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Adverse effects of therapeutic irradiation include delayed bone healing after dental extraction or impaired bone regeneration at the irradiated bony defect. Development of a reliable experimental model may be beneficial to study tissue regeneration in the irradiated field. The current study aimed to develop a relevant animal model of post-radiation cranial bone defect. Methods A lead shielding block was designed for selective external irradiation of the mouse calvaria. Critical-size calvarial defect was created 2 weeks after the irradiation. The defect was filled with a collagen scaffold, with or without incorporation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) (1 μg/ml). The non-irradiated mice treated with or without BMP-2-included scaffold served as control. Four weeks after the surgery, the specimens were harvested and the degree of bone formation was evaluated by histological and radiographical examinations. Results BMP-2-treated scaffold yielded significant bone regeneration in the mice calvarial defects. However, a single fraction of external irradiation was observed to eliminate the bone regeneration capacity of the BMP-2-incorporated scaffold without influencing the survival of the animals. Conclusion The current study established an efficient model for post-radiation cranial bone regeneration and can be applied for evaluating the robust bone formation system using various chemokines or agents in unfavorable, demanding radiation-related bone defect models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Moon Jung
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940 Republic of Korea.,2Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, Taejeon-Dong 15, Youngsong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Lee
- 3Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Jun Lee
- 4Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Tae Lee
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yub Kwon
- 5Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Geon Kwon
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940 Republic of Korea
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Diagnostic Criteria for Assessment by General Practitioners of Patients Injured in Radiation Incidents and Cases of Radiological Terrorism. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe general practitioner is an important figure in the provision of medical care during radiation incidents and cases of radiological terrorism. Knowing the nature of the radiation injury is essential for correct diagnosis and treatment. Insufficient knowledge of most physicians, and of general practitioners in particular, on the clinical manifestation of radiation injuries is the reason such conditions remain unrecognized and improperly treated. We suggest some simple diagnostic criteria for assessment of the injured by general practitioners, based on the results of our own studies and on the recommendations of prominent international organizations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:507–512)
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Swain C, Khan M. Surgical management of focal ionising radiation burns. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2018; 165:449-450. [PMID: 29858400 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2018-000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The management of focal radiation burns after prolonged exposure to ionising radiation remains a relatively rare but significant therapeutic challenge. This narrative aims to highlight certain aspects of management that can be overlooked and mitigation strategies in the management of these potentially fatal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Khan
- St Mary's Hospital, Major Trauma Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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11
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Xin Y, Huang Q, Zhang P, Guo WW, Zhang LZ, Jiang G. Demethoxycurcumin in combination with ultraviolet radiation B induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway and caspase activation in A431 and HaCaT cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317706216. [PMID: 28618944 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317706216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wen Wen Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Long Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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12
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Liao W, Hei TK, Cheng SK. Radiation-Induced Dermatitis is Mediated by IL17-Expressing γδ T Cells. Radiat Res 2017; 187:454-464. [PMID: 28406748 PMCID: PMC5524538 DOI: 10.1667/rr007cc.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radiation dermatitis is a serious cutaneous injury caused by radiation therapy or upon accidental nuclear exposure. However, the pathogenic immune mechanisms underlying this injury are still poorly understood. We seek to discover how the dysregulated immune response after irradiation orchestrates skin inflammation. The skin on the left flank of C57BL/6J wild-type and C57BL/6J Tcrd-/- mice, which are deficit in γδ T cells, was exposed to a single X-ray dose of 25 Gy, and the right-flank skin was used as a sham-irradiated control. At 4 weeks postirradiation, the wild-type skin exhibited signs of depilation, erythema and desquamation. Histological analysis showed hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and acanthosis. Dramatic elevation of IL17-expressing T cells was identified from the irradiated skin, which was mainly contributed by γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells, rather than Th17 cells. Furthermore, protein levels of critical cytokines for IL17-expressing γδ T cell activation, IL1β and IL23 were found markedly upregulated. Lastly, radiation-induced dermatitis was significantly attenuated in γδ T cell knockout mice. In vitro, normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) could be initiator cells of inflammation by providing a great number of pro-inflammatory mediators upon radiation, and as well as effector cells of epidermal hyperplasia in response to exogenous IL17 and/or IL22 treatment. Our findings implicate a novel role of IL17-expressing γδ T cells in mediating radiation-induced skin inflammation. This study reveals the innate immune response pathway as a potential therapeutic target for radiation skin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wupeng Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Tom K. Hei
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Simon K. Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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13
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Borab Z, Mirmanesh MD, Gantz M, Cusano A, Pu LL. Systematic review of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of radiation-induced skin necrosis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017; 70:529-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Constanzo J, Masson-Côté L, Tremblay L, Fouquet JP, Sarret P, Geha S, Whittingstall K, Paquette B, Lepage M. Understanding the continuum of radionecrosis and vascular disorders in the brain following gamma knife irradiation: An MRI study. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1420-1431. [PMID: 27851877 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The radiation dose delivered to brain tumors is limited by the possibility to induce vascular damage and necrosis in surrounding healthy tissue. In the present study, we assessed the ability of MRI to monitor the cascade of events occurring in the healthy rat brain after stereotactic radiosurgery, which could be used to optimize the radiation treatment planning. METHODS The primary somatosensory forelimb area (S1FL) and the primary motor cortex in the right hemisphere of Fischer rats (n = 6) were irradiated with a single dose of Gamma Knife radiation (Leksell Perfexion, Elekta AG, Stockholm, Sweden). Rats were scanned with a small-animal 7 Tesla MRI scanner before treatment and 16, 21, 54, 82, and 110 days following irradiation. At every imaging session, T2 -weighted (T2 w), Gd-DTPA dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), and T2*-weighted ( T2* w) images were acquired to measure changes in fluid content, blood vessel permeability, and structure, respectively. At days 10, 110, and 140, histopathology was performed on brain sections. Locomotion and spatial memory ability were assessed longitudinally by behavioral tests. RESULTS No vascular changes were initially observed. After 54 days, a small necrotic volume in the white matter below the S1FL, surrounded by an area presenting significant vascular permeability, was revealed. Between 54 and 110 days, the necrotic volume increased and was accompanied by the formation of a ring-like region, where a mixture of necrosis and permeable blood vessels were observed, as confirmed by histology. Behavioral changes were only observed after day 82. CONCLUSION Together, DCE-MRI and T2* w images supported by histology provided a coherent picture of the phenomena involved in the formation of new, leaky blood vessels, which was followed by the detection of radionecrosis in a preclinical model of brain irradiation. Magn Reson Med 78:1420-1431, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Constanzo
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurence Masson-Côté
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Service of Radiation Oncology, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérémie P Fouquet
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sameh Geha
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Kevin Whittingstall
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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15
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Iddins CJ, Christensen DM, Parrillo SJ, Glassman ES, Goans RE. Management of Ionizing Radiation Injuries and Illnesses, Part 5: Local Radiation Injury. J Osteopath Med 2014; 114:840-8. [DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2014.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This final article in the series on the medical management of ionizing radiation injuries and illnesses focuses on the effects of acute ionizing radiation exposure to one of the largest organ systems of the body—the skin. These injuries may extend beyond the skin into deeper tissues and cause local radiation injury. There are numerous causes of these injuries, ranging from industrial incidents to medical procedures. In the present article, the authors characterize the clinical course, pathophysiologic process, sources of injury, diagnosis, and management of local radiation injury and describe a clinical scenario. This information is important for primary care physicians, to whom patients are likely to initially present with such injuries. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2014;114(11):840-848 doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2014.170
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol J. Iddins
- From the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Tennessee (Drs Iddins, Christensen, and Goans); the Division of Emergency Medicine at Einstein Medical Center in Elkins Park and Philadelphia University in Pennsylvania (Dr Parrillo); National Security and Emergency Management Programs at the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Tennessee (Mr Glassman); and the Division of Radiological Engineering at MJW Corporation in Oak Rid
| | - Doran M. Christensen
- From the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Tennessee (Drs Iddins, Christensen, and Goans); the Division of Emergency Medicine at Einstein Medical Center in Elkins Park and Philadelphia University in Pennsylvania (Dr Parrillo); National Security and Emergency Management Programs at the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Tennessee (Mr Glassman); and the Division of Radiological Engineering at MJW Corporation in Oak Rid
| | - Steven J. Parrillo
- From the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Tennessee (Drs Iddins, Christensen, and Goans); the Division of Emergency Medicine at Einstein Medical Center in Elkins Park and Philadelphia University in Pennsylvania (Dr Parrillo); National Security and Emergency Management Programs at the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Tennessee (Mr Glassman); and the Division of Radiological Engineering at MJW Corporation in Oak Rid
| | - Erik S. Glassman
- From the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Tennessee (Drs Iddins, Christensen, and Goans); the Division of Emergency Medicine at Einstein Medical Center in Elkins Park and Philadelphia University in Pennsylvania (Dr Parrillo); National Security and Emergency Management Programs at the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Tennessee (Mr Glassman); and the Division of Radiological Engineering at MJW Corporation in Oak Rid
| | - Ronald E. Goans
- From the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Tennessee (Drs Iddins, Christensen, and Goans); the Division of Emergency Medicine at Einstein Medical Center in Elkins Park and Philadelphia University in Pennsylvania (Dr Parrillo); National Security and Emergency Management Programs at the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education in Tennessee (Mr Glassman); and the Division of Radiological Engineering at MJW Corporation in Oak Rid
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16
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Abstract
Radiation injury to skin results in a variety of deterministic effects including inflammatory reactions and cell depletion leading to distinct clinical symptoms following a defined time pattern. Therapeutic approaches are still limited, a complete restitution of affected areas is so far impossible. In the last few years increasing experimental knowledge about acquisition and administration of autologous stem cells also in the field of radiation injuries has been obtained. Evidence reviewed in this article shows that the beneficial effects of stem cell transplantation are not necessarily due to the replacement of damaged cells by transplanted cells but most probably due in the most part to a paracrine effect. Transplanted cells secrete bioactive factors that initiate the stimulation of the host stem cells to regenerate the damaged tissues. Transplanted stem cells produce trophic factors which aid the systemic healing of the victims. Furthermore, administration of stem cell secretomes in the form of conditioned media containing microvesicles or exosomes can be as effective as administering the stem cells. This hypothesis is supported by findings that cell-free derivatives from hMSCs were useful for wound healing purposes and could circumvent the need for intact cells. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of MSC injection on reperfusion and tissue damage in a mouse model of hind limb ischemia could be attributed to paracrine mechanisms with local release of arteriogenic cytokines. Further evaluation of the paracrine potential of autologous stem cells may open new means for treatment of acute as well as chronic sequelae of cutaneous radiation injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rezvani
- Natural Biosciences SA, Lake Garden Medical Center, Kilchberg, Zurich, Switzerland,
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17
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Tan KBK, Lee JMH, Ng YY, Ponampalam R. Radiation Injury Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Case Report. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/201010581402300113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation injuries are closer to home than expected as radioactive sources are common in daily life. Our case study illustrates a case of radiation burns to the hand which presented about two weeks later to the emergency department after accidental exposure to an industrial radiation source. A 45-year old Chinese man presented 17 days later after being exposed accidentally to iridium-192 source at 43 curies. He subsequently suffered burns that required multiple operations to treat. The diagnosis of patients who present early after exposure with no clinical signs will likely pose a challenge for the emergency medicine clinician as radiation burns take time to manifest and may present days to weeks after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Mui Hua Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yih Ying Ng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - R Ponampalam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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18
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Kutanes Strahlensyndrom nach akzidenteller Exposition des Hautorgans mit ionisierenden Strahlen. Hautarzt 2013; 64:894-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-013-2625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Chaze T, Hornez L, Chambon C, Haddad I, Vinh J, Peyrat JP, Benderitter M, Guipaud O. Serum Proteome Analysis for Profiling Predictive Protein Markers Associated with the Severity of Skin Lesions Induced by Ionizing Radiation. Proteomes 2013; 1:40-69. [PMID: 28250398 PMCID: PMC5302747 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes1020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding of new diagnostic and prognostic markers of local radiation injury, and particularly of the cutaneous radiation syndrome, is crucial for its medical management, in the case of both accidental exposure and radiotherapy side effects. Especially, a fast high-throughput method is still needed for triage of people accidentally exposed to ionizing radiation. In this study, we investigated the impact of localized irradiation of the skin on the early alteration of the serum proteome of mice in an effort to discover markers associated with the exposure and severity of impending damage. Using two different large-scale quantitative proteomic approaches, 2D-DIGE-MS and SELDI-TOF-MS, we performed global analyses of serum proteins collected in the clinical latency phase (days 3 and 7) from non-irradiated and locally irradiated mice exposed to high doses of 20, 40 and 80 Gy which will develop respectively erythema, moist desquamation and necrosis. Unsupervised and supervised multivariate statistical analyses (principal component analysis, partial-least square discriminant analysis and Random Forest analysis) using 2D-DIGE quantitative protein data allowed us to discriminate early between non-irradiated and irradiated animals, and between uninjured/slightly injured animals and animals that will develop severe lesions. On the other hand, despite a high number of animal replicates, PLS-DA and Random Forest analyses of SELDI-TOF-MS data failed to reveal sets of MS peaks able to discriminate between the different groups of animals. Our results show that, unlike SELDI-TOF-MS, the 2D-DIGE approach remains a powerful and promising method for the discovery of sets of proteins that could be used for the development of clinical tests for triage and the prognosis of the severity of radiation-induced skin lesions. We propose a list of 15 proteins which constitutes a set of candidate proteins for triage and prognosis of skin lesion outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Chaze
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTE, 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92260, France.
| | - Louis Hornez
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire Humaine, Centre Oscar Lambret, 3 rue Frédéric Combemale, BP 307, Lille 59020, France.
| | - Christophe Chambon
- PFEM, Composante Protéomique, UR370, INRA, Saint-Genès Champanelle 63322, France.
| | - Iman Haddad
- Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, CNRS USR3149, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Joelle Vinh
- Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, CNRS USR3149, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Peyrat
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire Humaine, Centre Oscar Lambret, 3 rue Frédéric Combemale, BP 307, Lille 59020, France.
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTE, 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92260, France.
| | - Olivier Guipaud
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTE, 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92260, France.
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20
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Horton JA, Chung EJ, Hudak KE, Sowers A, Thetford A, White AO, Mitchell JB, Citrin DE. Inhibition of radiation-induced skin fibrosis with imatinib. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:162-70. [PMID: 23083077 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.741281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dermal fibrosis is a disabling late toxicity of radiotherapy. Several lines of evidence suggest that overactive signaling via the Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-β) and V-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (cAbl) may be etiologic factors in the development of radiation-induced fibrosis. We tested the hypothesis that imatinib, a clinically available inhibitor of PDGFR-β, Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (c-kit) and cAbl, would reduce the severity of dermal fibrosis in a murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The right hind legs of female C3H/HeN mice were exposed to 35 Gy of X-rays. Cohorts of mice were maintained on chow formulated with imatinib 0.5 mg/g or control chow for the duration of the experiment. Bilateral hind limb extension was measured serially to assess fibrotic contracture. Immunohistochemistry and biochemical assays were used to evaluate the levels of collagen and cytokines implicated in radiation-induced fibrosis. RESULTS Imatinib treatment significantly reduced hind limb contracture and dermal thickness after irradiation. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated a substantial reduction in PDGFR-β phosphorylation. We also observed reduced Transforming Growth factor-β (TGF-β) and collagen expression in irradiated skin of imatinib-treated mice, suggesting that imatinib may suppress the fibrotic process by interrupting cross-talk between these pathways. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results support that imatinib may be a useful agent in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced dermal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Horton
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Chaze T, Slomianny MC, Milliat F, Tarlet G, Lefebvre-Darroman T, Gourmelon P, Bey E, Benderitter M, Michalski JC, Guipaud O. Alteration of the serum N-glycome of mice locally exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 12:283-301. [PMID: 23146835 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.014639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of the skin to ionizing radiation leads to characteristic reactions that will often turn into a pathophysiological process called the cutaneous radiation syndrome. The study of this disorder is crucial to finding diagnostic and prognostic bioindicators of local radiation exposure or radiation effects. It is known that irradiation alters the serum proteome content and potentially post-translationally modifies serum proteins. In this study, we investigated whether localized irradiation of the skin alters the serum glycome. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis of serum proteins from a man and from mice exposed to ionizing radiation showed that potential post-translational modification changes occurred following irradiation. Using a large-scale quantitative mass-spectrometry-based glycomic approach, we performed a global analysis of glycan structures of serum proteins from non-irradiated and locally irradiated mice exposed to high doses of γ-rays (20, 40, and 80 Gy). Non-supervised descriptive statistical analyses (principal component analysis) using quantitative glycan structure data allowed us to discriminate between uninjured/slightly injured animals and animals that developed severe lesions. Decisional statistics showed that several glycan families were down-regulated whereas others increased, and that particular structures were statistically significantly changed in the serum of locally irradiated mice. The observed increases in multiantennary N-glycans and in outer branch fucosylation and sialylation were associated with the up-regulation of genes involved in glycosylation in the liver, which is the main producer of serum proteins, and with an increase in the key proinflammatory serum cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα, which can regulate the expression of glycosylation genes. Our results suggest for the first time a role of serum protein glycosylation in response to irradiation. These protein-associated glycan structure changes might signal radiation exposure or effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Chaze
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), DRPH, SRBE, LRTE, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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22
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Lee JI, Park JH, Park JH, Kim YJ, Park JW. Thumb reconstruction with a wrap-around free flap in hand radiation injury. Microsurgery 2012; 32:401-5. [PMID: 22422545 DOI: 10.1002/micr.21966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe a patient with hand radiation injury that was caused by (192)Ir radiation source exposure. The cutaneous symptoms that appear after local radiation exposure follow a certain time pattern consisting of the prodromal, manifestation, subacute, chronic, and late stages. Although the clinical characteristics of each stage are well known, limited cases of photographic demonstrations to the progressive local radiation reaction have been reported. We demonstrate characteristics of serial necrotic changes in the fingers after radiation exposure in photographs. Initially, blisters, mild erythema, and swelling were present in the exposed fingers. However, at 3 years postexposure, total necrosis, severe flexion deformity, and bony exposure were present in the exposed fingers. For restoration of hand function, we performed a transmetacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and transphalangeal amputation of the second, third, and fourth fingers, respectively. After debridement of the necrotic thumb tissue, a wrap-around free flap from the hallux was performed for thumb reconstruction. At 2 years postoperatively, the free flap survived well and graft bone union had occurred. The patient's hand function had improved such that he could grip a large object using the reconstructed thumb and the fifth finger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Il Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Wiwanitkit V. Nuclear crisis and plastic surgery. Indian J Plast Surg 2012; 44:533-4. [PMID: 22279304 PMCID: PMC3263299 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.90863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Skin changes caused by ionizing radiation have been scientifically documented since 1902. Ionizing radiation is a widely accepted form of treatment for various types of cancer. Despite the technological advances, radiation skin injury remains a significant problem. This injury, often referred to as radiation dermatitis, occurs in about 95% of patients receiving radiation therapy for cancer, and ranges in severity from mild erythema to moist desquamation and ulceration. Ionizing radiation is not only a concern for cancer patients, but also a public health concern because of the potential for and reality of a nuclear and/or radiological event. Recently, the United States has increased efforts to develop medical countermeasures to protect against radiation toxicities from acts of bioterrorism, as well as cancer treatment. Management of radiation dermatitis would improve the therapeutic benefit of radiation therapy for cancer and potentially the mortality expected in any "dirty bomb" attack. Currently, there is no effective treatment to prevent or mitigate radiation skin injury. This review summarizes "the good, the bad, and the ugly" of current and evolving knowledge regarding mechanisms of and treatments for radiation skin injury.
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25
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Dörr H, Meineke V. Acute radiation syndrome caused by accidental radiation exposure - therapeutic principles. BMC Med 2011; 9:126. [PMID: 22114866 PMCID: PMC3235966 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fortunately radiation accidents are infrequent occurrences, but since they have the potential of large scale events like the nuclear accidents of Chernobyl and Fukushima, preparatory planning of the medical management of radiation accident victims is very important. Radiation accidents can result in different types of radiation exposure for which the diagnostic and therapeutic measures, as well as the outcomes, differ. The clinical course of acute radiation syndrome depends on the absorbed radiation dose and its distribution. Multi-organ-involvement and multi-organ-failure need be taken into account. The most vulnerable organ system to radiation exposure is the hematopoietic system. In addition to hematopoietic syndrome, radiation induced damage to the skin plays an important role in diagnostics and the treatment of radiation accident victims. The most important therapeutic principles with special reference to hematopoietic syndrome and cutaneous radiation syndrome are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Dörr
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Viktor Meineke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
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Beinke C, Oestreicher U, Riecke A, Kulka U, Meineke V, Romm H. Inter-laboratory comparison to validate the dicentric assay as a cytogenetic triage tool for medical management of radiation accidents. RADIAT MEAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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