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Torres-Herrero B, Armenia I, Ortiz C, de la Fuente JM, Betancor L, Grazú V. Opportunities for nanomaterials in enzyme therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:619-647. [PMID: 38909702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, enzyme therapy strategies have rapidly evolved to catalyze essential biochemical reactions with therapeutic potential. These approaches hold particular promise in addressing rare genetic disorders, cancer treatment, neurodegenerative conditions, wound healing, inflammation management, and infectious disease control, among others. There are several primary reasons for the utilization of enzymes as therapeutics: their substrate specificity, their biological compatibility, and their ability to generate a high number of product molecules per enzyme unit. These features have encouraged their application in enzyme replacement therapy where the enzyme serves as the therapeutic agent to rectify abnormal metabolic and physiological processes, enzyme prodrug therapy where the enzyme initiates a clinical effect by activating prodrugs, and enzyme dynamic or starving therapy where the enzyme acts upon host substrate molecules. Currently, there are >20 commercialized products based on therapeutic enzymes, but approval rates are considerably lower than other biologicals. This has stimulated nanobiotechnology in the last years to develop nanoparticle-based solutions that integrate therapeutic enzymes. This approach aims to enhance stability, prevent rapid clearance, reduce immunogenicity, and even enable spatio-temporal activation of the therapeutic catalyst. This comprehensive review delves into emerging trends in the application of therapeutic enzymes, with a particular emphasis on the synergistic opportunities presented by incorporating enzymes into nanomaterials. Such integration holds the promise of enhancing existing therapies or even paving the way for innovative nanotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Torres-Herrero
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC/Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Edificio I+D, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC/Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Edificio I+D, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cecilia Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jesús Martinez de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC/Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Edificio I+D, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Betancor
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Mercedes 1237, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Grazú
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC/Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Edificio I+D, Mariano Esquillor Gómez, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Yu G, Seto BK, Yamada K, Zeng K, Arroyo JG. COMBINED PNEUMATIC AND ENZYMATIC VITREOLYSIS FOR SEVERE CASES OF VITREOMACULAR TRACTION. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2022; 16:631-636. [PMID: 32910027 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of combined pneumatic and enzymatic vitreolysis for treatment of severe cases of vitreomacular traction (VMT). METHODS We analyzed a retrospective, consecutive series of five patients diagnosed with severe VMT refractory to pneumatic vitreolysis who then received an additional ocriplasmin injection while their gas bubble from pneumatic vitreolysis was still present between February 2015 and February 2019. Vitreomacular traction release was confirmed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS Four of the five patients treated with combined pneumatic and enzymatic vitreolysis achieved VMT release by Day 28, and all cases eventually achieved complete VMT release. In addition to having VMT refractory to pneumatic vitreolysis, patient characteristics included broad adhesion diameter (>1,500 µ m, n = 1), presence of epiretinal membrane (n = 2), age >65 years (n = 4), and pseudophakia (n = 1). The visual acuity improved by three or more lines at 6 months in both of the patients with initial vision worse than 20/50 on an Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart but not in those whose vision was already fairly good (i.e., visual acuity >20/60). None of the patients experienced the following complications after receiving this combined treatment: retinal tears or detachments, vitreous floaters, and ellipsoid zone changes. CONCLUSION Sequential, combined pneumatic and enzymatic vitreolysis resulted in VMT release in all 5 cases (4 cases by 28 days) and may be a potentially useful alternative to surgical intervention for refractory VMT cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Yu
- Division of Ophthalmology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W. K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brendan K Seto
- Division of Ophthalmology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Keiko Yamada
- Division of Ophthalmology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ke Zeng
- Division of Ophthalmology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Jorge G Arroyo
- Division of Ophthalmology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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Thomas AS, Duchateau L, Kozma-Wiebe P, Jaffe G. Resolution of outer retinal abnormalities in eyes with vitreomacular traction without macular hole in the OASIS trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2022:bjophthalmol-2021-319500. [PMID: 35288439 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To describe the clinical impact of external limiting membrane (ELM) disruption, ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption and subretinal fluid (SRF) seen on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes with vitreomacular traction (VMT) without macular hole (MH) in the Ocriplasmin for Treatment for Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion Including Macular Hole study. METHODS Phase 3b randomised double-blind sham-controlled multicentre study including 144 eyes with VMT without MH. Eyes were randomised to receive a single intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin or sham injection and were followed for 24 months. Eyes were analysed for presence, course and clinical impact of ELM disruption, EZ disruption and SRF on OCT. RESULTS ELM disruption, EZ disruption and SRF were present in 32.6%, 52.2% and 45.8% of ocriplasmin-treated eyes and 39.6%, 42.6% and 37.5% of sham-treated eyes at baseline. VMT resolution was associated with resolution of ELM and EZ disruption and SRF. A small number of eyes had persistent ELM disruption, EZ disruption and/or SRF at the seventh visit or later (17 months or later) following medical or surgical VMT resolution. Resolution of ELM disruption, EZ disruption and/or SRF was associated with an improvement of visual acuity from baseline. Following VMT resolution, ELM recovery usually preceded EZ recovery and SRF resolution. CONCLUSIONS ELM disruption, EZ disruption and/or SRF are present in a significant percentage of eyes with VMT without MH. Release of VMT is usually associated with outer retinal recovery and an associated improvement in visual acuity. ELM recovery typically precedes EZ recovery and SRF resolution following VMT release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Biometrics Research Centre, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Glenn Jaffe
- Ophthalmology, Duke Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Al-Nawaiseh S, Rickmann A, Seuthe AM, Al-Rimawi D, Viktor Stanzel B, Szurman P. REVISED PREDICTIVE BIOMARKER FOR OCRIPLASMIN THERAPY IN VITREOMACULAR TRACTION DISORDERS. Retina 2021; 41:2549-2555. [PMID: 34173361 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine a statistically optimal limit of adhesion size in vitreomacular traction (VMT) syndrome for ocriplasmin treatment. METHODS In this retrospective, consecutive, interventional study, we included 106 patients treated with ocriplasmin injection because of VMT between July 2013 and January 2018. A univariate and multivariate risk analysis was performed with grouped factors and continuous factors. We used a receiver operating characteristic curve to measure the prognostic relevance of each continuous factor for therapy success and determined the statistically optimal cutoff value at which specificity and sensitivity are simultaneously maximized. RESULTS Among the grouped factors, only a phakic lens status showed a highly significant positive influence on the resolution of the VMT. For the continuous factors, only the adhesion diameter before injection was a good predictor of anatomical success. The statistically optimal threshold value for the adhesion size was calculated to be 480 µm. Eyes below this limit had a 6.84-fold better chance of VMT resolution compared with eyes with a larger adhesion diameter. CONCLUSION The threshold value of the VMT diameter for ocriplasmin therapy could be statistically defined as 480 µm and may thus be a new quantitative biomarker to predict treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Al-Nawaiseh
- Department of ophthalmology, Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Rickmann
- Department of ophthalmology, Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar, Sulzbach, Germany
- Department of ophthalmology, Klaus Heimann Eye Research Institute (KHERI), Sulzbach, Germany; and
| | - Anna-Maria Seuthe
- Department of ophthalmology, Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Dalia Al-Rimawi
- Biostatistics Unit, Research Office, King Hussein Cancer Foundation and Center, Center for Research Shared Resources, Bio-statistics and Data Science, Amman, Jordan
| | - Boris Viktor Stanzel
- Department of ophthalmology, Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar, Sulzbach, Germany
- Department of ophthalmology, Klaus Heimann Eye Research Institute (KHERI), Sulzbach, Germany; and
| | - Peter Szurman
- Department of ophthalmology, Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar, Sulzbach, Germany
- Department of ophthalmology, Klaus Heimann Eye Research Institute (KHERI), Sulzbach, Germany; and
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Santra M, Sharma M, Katoch D, Jain S, Saikia UN, Dogra MR, Luthra-Guptasarma M. Enzymatic vitreolysis using reengineered Vibrio mimicus-derived collagenase. Mol Vis 2021; 27:125-141. [PMID: 33907368 PMCID: PMC8056467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Collagen is a key player contributing to vitreoelasticity and vitreoretinal adhesions. Molecular reorganization causes spontaneous weakening of these adhesions with age, resulting in the separation of the posterior hyaloid membrane (PHM) from the retina in what is called complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Incomplete separation of the posterior hyaloid or tight adherence or both can lead to retinal detachment, vitreomacular traction syndrome, or epiretinal membrane formation, which requires surgical intervention. Pharmacological vitrectomy has the potential of avoiding surgical vitrectomy; it is also useful as an adjunct during retinal surgery to induce PVD. Previously studied enzymatic reagents, such as collagenase derived from Clostridium histolyticum, are nonspecific and potentially toxic. We studied a novel collagenase from Vibrio mimicus (VMC) which remains active (VMA), even after deletion of 51 C-terminal amino acids. To limit the activity of VMA to the vitreous cavity, a fusion construct (inhibitor of hyaluronic acid-VMA [iHA-VMA]) was made in which a 12-mer peptide (iHA, which binds to HA) was fused to the N-terminus of VMA. The construct was evaluated in the context of PVD. METHODS VMA and iHA-VMA were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized with gelatin zymography, collagen degradation assay, fluorescamine-based assay, and cell-based assays. Two sets of experiments were performed in New Zealand albino rabbits. Group A (n = 10) received iHA-VMA, while group B (n = 5) received the equivalent dose of VMA. In both groups, saline was injected as a control in the contralateral eyes. Animals were monitored with indirect ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and B-scan ultrasonography. Retinal toxicity was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of retinal tissue. RESULTS The activity of iHA-VMA and VMA was comparable and 65-fold lower than that of C. histolyticum collagenase Type IV. In the iHA-VMA group, all the rabbits (n = 10) developed PVD, with complete PVD seen in six animals. No statistically significant histomorphological changes were seen. In the VMA group, four of the five rabbits developed complete PVD; however, retinal morphological changes were seen in two animals. CONCLUSIONS iHA-VMA displays targeted action confined to the vitreous and shows potential for safe pharmacologic vitreolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Santra
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maryada Sharma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deeksha Katoch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sahil Jain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mangat R. Dogra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manni Luthra-Guptasarma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Zhang KY, Johnson TV. The internal limiting membrane: Roles in retinal development and implications for emerging ocular therapies. Exp Eye Res 2021; 206:108545. [PMID: 33753089 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes help to establish, maintain, and separate their associated tissues. They also provide growth and signaling substrates for nearby resident cells. The internal limiting membrane (ILM) is the basement membrane at the ocular vitreoretinal interface. While the ILM is essential for normal retinal development, it is dispensable in adulthood. Moreover, the ILM may constitute a significant barrier to emerging ocular therapeutics, such as viral gene therapy or stem cell transplantation. Here we take a neurodevelopmental perspective in examining how retinal neurons, glia, and vasculature interact with individual extracellular matrix constituents at the ILM. In addition, we review evidence that the ILM may impede novel ocular therapies and discuss approaches for achieving retinal parenchymal targeting of gene vectors and cell transplants delivered into the vitreous cavity by manipulating interactions with the ILM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Zhang
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Thomas V Johnson
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Rangchian A, Hubschman JP, Kavehpour HP. Time dependent degradation of vitreous gel under enzymatic reaction: Polymeric network role in fluid properties. J Biomech 2020; 109:109921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Santra M, Sharma M, Katoch D, Jain S, Saikia UN, Dogra MR, Luthra-Guptasarma M. Induction of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) by non-enzymatic reagents targeting vitreous collagen liquefaction as well as vitreoretinal adhesion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8250. [PMID: 32427865 PMCID: PMC7237681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) by pharmacologic vitreolysis has been largely attempted through the use of enzymatic reagents. Ocriplasmin has been the only FDA-approved clinical reagent so far. Several adverse effects of ocriplasmin have emerged, however, and the search for alternative PVD-inducing reagents continues. Since i) collagen forms an important structural component of the vitreous, and ii) strong vitreo-retinal adhesions exist between the cortical vitreous and the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina, an effective PVD-inducing reagent would require both, vitreous liquefaction, and concurrent dehiscence of vitreoretinal adhesion, without being toxic to retinal cells. We designed a combination of two reagents to achieve these two objectives; a triple helix-destabilizing collagen binding domain (CBD), and a fusion of RGD (integrin-binding) tripeptide with CBD (RCBD) to facilitate separation of posterior cortical vitreous from retinal surface. Based on in vitro, ex-vivo, and in vivo experiments, we show that a combination of CBD and RCBD displays potential for safe pharmacologic vitreolysis. Our findings assume significance in light of the fact that synthetic RGD-containing peptides have already been used for inhibition of tumor cell invasion. Proteins such as variants of collagen binding domains could have extended therapeutic uses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Santra
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Maryada Sharma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Deeksha Katoch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sahil Jain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Mangat R Dogra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Manni Luthra-Guptasarma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Bormann C, Apitzsch BC, Habermann A, Hammer U, Hammer T. EXPERIENCE WITH OCRIPLASMIN IN PATIENTS WITH VITREOMACULAR TRACTION SYNDROME: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 10 PATIENTS. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2020; 14:377-380. [PMID: 29621042 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of ocriplasmin in patients with vitreomacular traction (VMT) syndrome <1,500 μm with or without a full-thickness macular holes of <400 μm. METHODS In this study, a retrospective analysis of 10 eyes of 10 patients with VMT who were treated with ocriplasmin between December 2014 and January 2016 was performed. Ocriplasmin 0.125 mg was injected only once in all cases. Outcome measures included the detachment of VMT, best-corrected visual acuity, the evaluation of optical coherence tomography, including the closure of full-thickness macular holes, and the reduction of macular edema (if present) and the decrease of metamorphopsia if present. RESULTS Ten patients (7 women and 3 men) with an average age of 75.1 years (range, 63-84 years) were treated with ocriplasmin with a follow-up period of 8 weeks. All patients were treated for VMT syndrome, and 5 patients (50.0%) showed an additional macular hole. An absolute detachment of VMT was seen in 3 patients (30.0%) and partially in 4 patients (40.0%). In three of the five patients, a complete closure of the full-thickness macular holes was seen. The two other patients needed an additional pars plana vitrectomy as a result of the persistent macular hole. An improvement of visual acuity was seen in 6 out of 10 patients (60.0%), a reduction of macular edema in 8 out of 9 patients (88.9%), and a decrease of metamorphopsia in 6 out of 7 patients (85.7%). CONCLUSION In this retrospective analysis, the treatment with ocriplasmin showed a resolution of VMT in 7 of 10 patients (70.0%) after a follow-up period of 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ute Hammer
- Eye Center "Frohe Zukunft," Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Hammer
- Eye Center "Frohe Zukunft," Halle (Saale), Germany
- University Eye Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Iuliano L, Fogliato G, Colombo R, Sacconi R, Querques G, Bandello F, Codenotti M. Reduced perfusion density of superficial retinal capillary plexus after intravitreal ocriplasmin injection for idiopathic vitreomacular traction. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:108. [PMID: 31077176 PMCID: PMC6511184 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), changes in perfusion density and in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in eyes with idiopathic vitreomacular traction (VMT) after ocriplasmin injection. METHODS In this pilot study, we enrolled sixteen VMT eyes treated with intravitreal ocriplasmin injection. Sixteen healthy eyes were considered as controls. Macular perfusion density in 3 plexuses [superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), choriocapillaris (CC)] was calculated at baseline and at 1 month after injection. RESULTS After injection, VMT anatomically resolved in 9 eyes (56.2%), whereas 7 eyes (43.8%) achieved an incomplete VMT separation. Superficial capillary plexus perfusion density was reduced significantly after injection (from 0.427 ± 0.027 to 0.413 ± 0.028; p = 0.0146), while no differences were noted in the DCP (p = 0.2717) nor in the CC (p = 0.6848). Study-eye perfusion density was statistically similar to control eyes in all three plexuses, both at baseline and at follow-up. The FAZ in the SCP area remained unchanged after injection (p = 0.168) but was significantly inferior to controls both at baseline and at 1 month (0.198 ± 0.074 vs. 0.196 ± 0.070; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Eyes with VMT have a perfusion density comparable to healthy controls, but a smaller FAZ. After ocriplasmin injection the perfusion density in the SCP is reduced, regardless the anatomical success. Limited by the small sample size and the pilot nature of the study, we found microvascular changes after ocriplasmin injection, which may be due to retinal traction release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Iuliano
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fogliato
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Colombo
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sacconi
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Codenotti
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
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Thomas AS, Folgar FA, Jaffe GJ, Toth CA, Mahmoud TH. Subfoveal Lucency after Treatment of Vitreomacular Traction without Macular Hole in the Phase 3 Trials of Ocriplasmin Vitreolysis. Ophthalmol Retina 2019; 3:42-52. [PMID: 30929816 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical impact of subfoveal lucency (SFL) seen on OCT before and after treatment of vitreomacular traction (VMT) or symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) without macular hole (MH) in the prospective phase 3 trials of ocriplasmin vitreolysis. DESIGN Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred ninety-nine eyes with VMT or VMA without MH. METHODS Eyes were randomized to either a single intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin or placebo treatment and were followed up for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Eyes were analyzed for presence, dimensions, and course of SFL on OCT, release of VMT, and their effect on visual acuity (VA). RESULTS Among eyes without baseline SFL, new SFL was more frequent after ocriplasmin than placebo at week 1 (23.1% vs. 6.54%; P = 0.0002) and week 2 (19.7% vs. 3.85%; P = 0.0001), but was similar in frequency by week 4 (8.37% vs. 7.69%; P = 0.83). Six-month VA for eyes demonstrating SFL after ocriplasmin during the first 2 weeks was comparable with those without SFL at any point in the study (P = 0.12). In placebo-treated eyes but not ocriplasmin-treated eyes, SFL was associated with worse VA at all visits. The increase in SFL width from baseline to week 2 was significantly greater with ocriplasmin than placebo (P = 0.029). Among ocriplasmin-treated eyes at month 6, those with SFL and VMT release had better VA than those with SFL and persistent adhesion (P = 0.037) and similar VA to those with persistent adhesion without SFL (P = 0.17). In the placebo group, those with baseline SFL showed low rates of spontaneous VMT release at month 6 compared with those without baseline SFL (3/21 eyes vs. 33/99 eyes; P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, SFL occurred more frequently only in the initial weeks after treatment with ocriplasmin. When SFL developed after ocriplasmin administration, VA was not impacted at the 6-month visit. Persistent SFL in ocriplasmin-treated eyes at month 6 was associated with poorer vision if VMT had not released. Eyes with SFL at baseline had low rates of spontaneous VMT release and may need treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay S Thomas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Francisco A Folgar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Carolina Eyecare Physicians, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Glenn J Jaffe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia A Toth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tamer H Mahmoud
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Abstract
Introduction Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Areas covered Recent methods to identify and manage treatment-warranted vascularly active ROP are recognized and being compared to standard care by laser treatment in prospective large-scale clinical studies. Pharmacologic anti-angiogenic (anti-VEGF) treatment has changed the natural history of vascularly active ROP by reducing stage 3 intravitreal neovascularization and extending physiologic retinal vascularization in many infants. Tractional retinal detachments in stage 4 ROP after treatment with anti-VEGF agents show additional fibrovascular complexity compared to eyes treated with laser only. We review current management and outcomes for vascularly active and fibrovascular retinal detachment in ROP (stages 3, 4, 5 ROP), highlighting the evidence from recent clinical studies. Included are technical details important in surgery for retinal detachment in ROP. Literature searches were employed through PubMed. Expert opinion Methods in pediatric imaging, safer pharmacologic treatments, and surgical techniques continue to advance to improve future ROP outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Hansen
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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Ho CPS, Lai TYY. Pharmacotherapy for Choroidal Neovascularization Due to Uncommon Causes. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4882-4895. [PMID: 30727875 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190206105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in adults is most commonly associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and pathologic myopia. Though less common, CNV can also develop from other conditions such as uveitis, central serous chorioretinopathy, angioid streaks, intraocular tumors, hereditary chorioretinal dystrophies, or can be idiopathic in origin. If left untreated, CNV may cause visual loss because of exudation of intraretinal or subretinal fluid, retinal or subretinal hemorrhage, or fibrosis involving the macula. It is well known that one of the main drivers of angiogenesis in CNV development is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and therefore inhibitors of VEGF might be an effective treatment for CNV. METHODS The goal of this review is to provide an overview and summary in the use of pharmacotherapy especially anti-VEGF therapy, in the treatment of CNV due to uncommon causes. RESULTS Results from uncontrolled case series and controlled clinical trials have reported good efficacy and safety in using anti-VEGF agents including bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept and ziv-aflibercept in the treatment of CNV due to uncommon causes. Anti-VEGF has also been used in combination with verteporfin PDT and anti-inflammatory agents for treating CNV of various causes. CONCLUSION Pharmacotherapy with anti-VEGF agents is an effective treatment option for CNV due to uncommon etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine P S Ho
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy Y Y Lai
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,2010 Retina & Macula Centre, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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COMPARISON OF RESOLUTION OF VITREOMACULAR TRACTION AFTER OCRIPLASMIN TREATMENT OR VITRECTOMY. Retina 2019; 39:180-185. [DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Neffendorf JE, Simpson AR, Steel DH, Desai R, McHugh DA, Pringle E, Jackson TL. Intravitreal gas for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion: a synthesis of the literature. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:685-691. [PMID: 28857483 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (sVMA) is defined as visual loss secondary to foveal damage from vitreomacular traction (VMT) and includes isolated VMT, impending macular hole (MH), and full-thickness MH with persisting vitreous attachment. Management options include pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), intravitreal ocriplasmin, intravitreal gas injection or observation. This synthesis of the literature aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of intravitreal gas for sVMA. Articles describing patients with VMT or MH treated with intravitreal expansile gas were selected by systematic literature review using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to September 2016. The main outcomes at 1 month and final review were logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity (VA), anatomical success (absence of both VMT and MH, without PPV) and adverse events (AEs). The intended comparator was observation. Nine of 106 identified articles were eligible, and none were randomized controlled trials. The mean VA of 91 eyes improved from 0.55 (Snellen equivalent 6/21) to 0.48 (6/18) logMAR at 1 month and to 0.35 (6/13) logMAR at final review. The mean VA at final review, prior to a vitrectomy, was 0.42 (6/16). Anatomic success was 48% at 1 month and 57% at final review. The reported AEs comprised retinal detachment in two highly myopic eyes. Intravitreal gas injection can relieve sVMA. Larger controlled studies are needed to determine safety and efficacy relative to observation, ocriplasmin, or vitrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Neffendorf
- Oxford Eye Hospital; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford UK
- King's College London; London UK
| | | | - David H.W. Steel
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary; Sunderland UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle UK
| | - Riti Desai
- King's College London; London UK
- King's College Hospital; London UK
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EVALUATION OF FULL-FIELD ELECTRORETINOGRAM REDUCTIONS AFTER OCRIPLASMIN TREATMENT: Results of the OASIS Trial ERG Substudy. Retina 2018; 38:364-378. [PMID: 28198785 PMCID: PMC5841857 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Ocriplasmin for Treatment for Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion Including Macular Hole (OASIS) trial electroretinogram substudy assessed a possible association between vitreomacular adhesion and best-corrected visual acuity with changes to full-field electroretinograms as part of a prospective, randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled clinical trial studying the efficacy and safety of ocriplasmin for the treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion. Purpose: To explore a possible association between full-field electroretinograms with vitreomacular adhesion resolution and best-corrected visual acuity as part of the prospective, randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled Ocriplasmin for Treatment for Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion Including Macular Hole (OASIS) trial studying ocriplasmin. Methods: The ERG substudy enrolled 62 of 220 OASIS subjects (randomized 2:1) and analyzed full-field electroretinograms and their association with both vitreomacular adhesion resolution and best-corrected visual acuity from baseline through Month 24. Electroretinogram reductions were defined as acute full-field electroretinogram reductions in amplitude of ≥40% from baseline occurring at postinjection Day 7 or Day 28. Results: In the ocriplasmin group, 16/40 (40%) subjects developed ERG reductions, compared to 1/21 (4.8%) in the sham group; 13/16 (81.3%) and 1/1 (100%) resolved by study end, respectively. A total of 11/16 (68.8%) ocriplasmin-treated subjects with ERG reductions achieved vitreomacular adhesion resolution, compared to those without (9/24, 37.5%). The ocriplasmin-treated subjects with ERG reductions also gained more letters on average (11.3 vs. 9.3 letters) from baseline and had a difference of 6.7 letters in mean best-corrected visual acuity by study end compared to those without ERG reductions. Conclusion: Ocriplasmin-treated subjects with ERG reductions had a higher rate of vitreomacular adhesion resolution and showed better visual improvement than their counterparts without ERG reductions or sham subjects by study end.
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Udaondo P, Barreiro-González A, García-Delpech S, Martínez-Costa R, Cisneros-Lanuza Á. Ocriplasmin retinopathy: Possible cause of macular hole closure failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 93:239-241. [PMID: 29402498 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT A 53 year-old woman with a stage 2 macular hole received ocriplasmin injection as a first approach. She subsequently underwent pars plana vitrectomy due to enlargement of the hole post-injection. The visual gain following the surgery was minimal despite closure of the hole. This could be explained by outer retina atrophy as a consequence of potential toxic mechanisms related to ocriplasmin. DISCUSSION Further studies may be warranted to fully understand the impact of ocriplasmin on long-term visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Udaondo
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - A Barreiro-González
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España.
| | - S García-Delpech
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - R Martínez-Costa
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Á Cisneros-Lanuza
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
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Vasquez DH, Altamirano JC, Casaus A, Del Valle RA, Gonzalez R, Gonzalez-De La Rosa A, Navarro-Partida J, Vasquez MA, Santos A. Surgical Results in Ocriplasmin Candidates With Symptomatic Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome. Curr Eye Res 2017; 43:208-212. [PMID: 29111823 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1385086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report surgical outcomes in a series of cases with symptomatic vitreomacular traction that met MIVI-TRUST (Microplasmin for intravitreous injection-traction release without surgical treatment) criteria for ocriplasmin use who underwent primary 25-gauge vitrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-center retrospective chart review study was performed in patients who underwent primary 25-gauge vitrectomy for symptomatic vitreomacular traction (VTM) from January 2013 through January 2016. Pre- and postoperative visual acuity (measured by the early treatment diabetic retinopathy acuity test), and posterior hyaloid focal attachment to the macula (demonstrated by high-definition optical coherence tomography) were analyzed. In addition, intra- and postoperative complications were obtained from medical records. RESULTS Fifteen consecutive cases of symptomatic VMT traction that underwent primary 25-gauge vitrectomy were included. All met the MIVI-TRUST criteria for ocriplasmin use. In all cases, VMT resolution, macular hole closure, and improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were observed. Mean visual acuity improved from 56.53 ± 16.04 letters at baseline to 73.13 ± 7.46 letters at 24 weeks of follow-up. The mean BCVA improvement from baseline was 16.60 letters (range 6-44), which was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Ten of fifteen patients (66.6%) showed significant improvement of their BCVA to 20/40 or better (70 or more in ETDRS visual acuity test). No significant intra- or postoperative complications were documented. CONCLUSIONS Primary 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with symptomatic vitreomacular traction is able to efficiently resolve VMT and macular holes, improving vision in candidates for intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin. This well-tolerated surgical procedure may be a reliable and predictable alternative for resolving VMT pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario H Vasquez
- a Departamento de Oftalmología , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,b Centro de Retina Médica y Quirúrgica , Jalisco , México
| | - Juan C Altamirano
- b Centro de Retina Médica y Quirúrgica , Jalisco , México.,c Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud , Jalisco , México
| | - Angel Casaus
- b Centro de Retina Médica y Quirúrgica , Jalisco , México
| | | | | | - Alejandro Gonzalez-De La Rosa
- b Centro de Retina Médica y Quirúrgica , Jalisco , México.,c Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud , Jalisco , México
| | - Jose Navarro-Partida
- b Centro de Retina Médica y Quirúrgica , Jalisco , México.,c Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud , Jalisco , México
| | - Martin A Vasquez
- d Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Arturo Santos
- b Centro de Retina Médica y Quirúrgica , Jalisco , México.,c Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud , Jalisco , México
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[Pharmaological vitreolysis with ocriplasmin as a treatment option for symptomatic focal vitreomacular traction with or without macular holes (≤400 μm) compared to tranconjunctival vitrectomy]. Ophthalmologe 2017; 114:148-154. [PMID: 27444007 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-016-0322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the resolution rate in patients with symptomatic vitreomacular traction (VMT) ≤ 1500 μm with or without macular holes ≤ 400 μm after therapy with intravitreal ocriplasmin (Jetrea®) injections in a clinical setting in comparison to transconjunctival vitrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 21 eyes of 21 consecutive patients with vitreomacular traction with or without macular holes who underwent intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml ocriplasmin and we retrospectively reviewed 18 eyes of 18 patients with VMT with or without FTMH who underwent 23-gauge vitrectomy. RESULTS Vitreomacular traction resolved in 15 of 21 eyes treated with ocriplasmin after 6 month (71 %) compared to 100 % of eyes treated by vitrectomy. Of the 5 eyes that initially presented FTMH with VMT in the ocriplasmin group, 2 were closed 1 month after ocriplasmin treatment. The remaining 3 had vitrectomy and closed thereafter. Best corrected visual acuity was 0.38 ± 0.23 LogMAR at baseline, improving to 0.34 ± 0.24 LogMAR at 6 months after ocriplasmin treatment. Best corrected visual acuity in the vitrectomy group improved from 0.55 ± 0.29 LogMAR before operation to 0.53 ± 0.51 LogMAR 6 months postoperatively. Foveal thickness was 355.95 ± 114.53 μm at baseline, reducing to 277.77 ± 40.26 μm at 6 months after ocriplasmin treatment. Foveal thickness of eyes that underwent vitrectomy was 494.61 ± 126.02 μm at baseline, decreasing to 330.2 ± 88.85 μm 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION When traction is ≤ 1500 μm, enzymatic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin is a therapeutic option. In the presence of VMT >1500 μm or ERM, surgical treatment with vitrectomy is associated with better outcomes. In small macular holes with VMT and in the absence of ERM, enzymatic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin is an option. In cases of holes >400 μm, or in the absence of evident VMT, or in the presence of ERM, vitrectomy is the first choice.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the long-term functional and anatomical outcomes for vitreomacular traction syndrome (VMT) after vitrectomy and to analyze the predictive factors regarding visual outcome. METHODS A retrospective, consecutive case series of 22 eyes in 22 patients with VMT who underwent vitrectomy to relieve macular edema were studied. Eyes were classified into two groups according to the diameter of vitreomacular adhesion based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography: Group 1 (14 eyes) focal attachment ≤1,500 μm; and Group 2 (eight eyes) broad attachment >1,500 μm. RESULTS Mean postoperative follow-up was 25.4 months (range, 6-68). The preoperative mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity was 0.73 (20/107), which significantly improved to 0.49 (20/62) postoperatively (P < 0.01). Seventeen eyes (77%) had Snellen visual acuity improvement ≧ two lines, and nine eyes had improvement ≧ three lines. The improvement of visual acuity was significantly better in Group 1 than in Group 2 (2.7 lines vs. 0.8 lines) (P = 0.03). The preoperative mean central macular thickness was 563 μm ± 176 μm, which significantly improved to 298 μm ± 69 μm postoperatively (P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, better final visual acuity was significantly associated with Group 1 VMT (P < 0.01) and with shorter symptom duration (P < 0.01). Greater improvement of visual acuity was also significantly associated with younger age of patients (P = 0.02) and with Group 1 VMT (P < 0.01). In linear regression analysis, patients with longer symptom duration had worse final visual acuity (β = 0.02) and patients of younger age had greater visual acuity improvement (β = 0.008). CONCLUSION Most patients of VMT gained significant functional and anatomical improvements after vitrectomy. Group 1 optical coherence tomography pattern, shorter symptom duration, and younger age are significant predictive factors of better visual outcome.
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ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF SYMPTOMATIC IDIOPATHIC VITREOMACULAR TRACTION: A Natural History Study From the Pan American Collaborative Retina Study Group. Retina 2017; 36:1913-8. [PMID: 26966868 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the natural history of eyes with symptomatic idiopathic vitreomacular traction (VMT). METHODS Retrospective multicenter study of 168 eyes with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings consistent with idiopathic VMT. All eyes were graded according to SD-OCT findings. Grade 1 was defined as incomplete cortical vitreous separation with foveal attachment. Grade 2 was defined as Grade 1 plus intraretinal cysts or clefts. Grade 3 was defined as Grade 2 plus a foveal detachment. All patients were followed for at least 6 months. RESULTS There were 168 patients (51 men) with a mean age of 68.8 ± 10.7 years. Patients were followed for a mean of 22.7 ± 20.1 months. The mean duration of symptoms before the initial presentation was 3.65 ± 5.42 months. At baseline, 72 eyes had Grade 1, 74 eyes had Grade 2, and 22 eyes had Grade 3 SD-OCT findings. Over the follow-up period, 36 eyes (21.4%) had spontaneous resolution of the VMT with normalization of the foveal anatomy. The mean time to resolution was 12.3 ± 12.6 months. An unfavorable anatomical outcome occurred in 7.7% (13 of 168) of the eyes, with 6 eyes developing a lamellar macular hole and 7 eyes developing a full-thickness macular hole. This occurred at a mean of 10.3 ± 10.7 months after the presentation. Subgroup analysis based on baseline SD-OCT grade showed that 4.1% (3 of 73) of Grade 1 eyes compared with 6.8% (5 of 74) of Grade 2 eyes, and 23.8% (5 of 21) of Grade 3 eyes developed a full-thickness macular hole or lamellar macular hole (P = 0.0109, chi-square test). In the remaining 119 eyes, at the last follow-up, 65 eyes had Grade 1, 42 eyes had Grade 2, and 12 eyes had Grade 3 VMT. On average, the best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.40 ± 0.35 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (Snellen, 20/50) at baseline to 0.35 ± 0.36 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (Snellen, 20/45; P = 0.0372), and the mean central macular thickness improved from 350 ± 132 μm to 323 ± 121 μm. CONCLUSION Spontaneous resolution of VMT occurred in 21.4% (36 of 168) of eyes after a mean follow-up of 11.4 ± 12.6 months. An unfavorable anatomical outcome occurred in 7.7% (13 of 168) of eyes. The baseline SD-OCT grade may predict the progression to full-thickness macular hole.
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Shah SP, Jeng-Miller KW, Fine HF, Wheatley HM, Roth DB, Prenner JL. Post-Marketing Survey of Adverse Events Following Ocriplasmin. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2016; 47:156-60. [PMID: 26878449 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20160126-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To study the post-marketing safety profile of ocriplasmin (Jetrea; ThromboGenics, Iselin, NJ) as experienced by retinal physicians in the United States. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Two thousand four hundred sixty-five retinal physicians were surveyed regarding their frequency of use of ocriplasmin and reports of ocular adverse events. RESULTS There were 270 respondents (11%) who reported treating 1,056 eyes with ocriplasmin. The reports of adverse events (AE) were as follows: acute decline in visual acuity (16.95%), development of submacular fluid or serous retinal detachment (10.23%), dyschromatopsia (9.09%), progression of vitreomacular traction to macular hole (8.71%), development of retinal detachment (2.65%), development of retinal tear (1.99%), development of afferent pupillary defect (1.80%), electroretinography abnormalities (0.57%), crystalline lens instability (0.38%), and vasculitis (0.28%). CONCLUSION Although the frequency of some ocular AEs reported in this study are comparable to those reported in the phase 3 registration trials, additional phase 4 safety studies are warranted to better understand the pathophysiology and clinical relevance of ocular AEs of ocriplasmin.
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Shaikh M, Miller JB, Papakostas TD, Husain D. The Efficacy and Safety Profile of Ocriplasmin in Vitreomacular Interface Disorders. Semin Ophthalmol 2016; 32:52-55. [PMID: 27786583 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2016.1228416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) describes the adhesion of the posterior hyaloid face to the inner retina in any part of the macula. This can arise after incomplete separation of the posterior vitreous cortex from the macula during vitreous liquefaction. While the VMA may resolve spontaneously, a strong and persistent adhesion can lead to a variety of anatomical changes, including vitreomacular traction (VMT) and macular hole (MH). Both conditions can present with metamorphopsia and decreased vision. In cases of symptomatic VMT and full-thickness macular hole, pars plana vitrectomy has long been the standard of care. However, due to the possible surgical complications and need for postoperative care, many have searched for non-surgical options via pharmacologic vitreolysis. Ocriplasmin (Jetrea, Thrombogenics USA, Alcon/Novartis EU) is a recombinant protease approved in October 2012 for the treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (VMA). There have been conflicting views on the safety of Ocriplasmin with changes in the ellipsoid zone seen on OCT and changes seen on ERG indicating photoreceptor damage. This publication reviews the efficacy and safety of ocriplasmin injection for VMA based on previously published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrine Shaikh
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Boston , MA , USA
| | - John B Miller
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Thanos D Papakostas
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Deeba Husain
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary , Boston , MA , USA
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Lee YS, Wang NK, Chen YP, Chen KJ, Hwang YS, Lai CC, Wu WC. Plasmin Enzyme-Assisted Vitrectomy in Pediatric Patients with Vitreoretinal Diseases. Ophthalmic Res 2016; 56:193-201. [PMID: 27497808 DOI: 10.1159/000447406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using plasmin-assisted vitrectomy in pediatric patients with vitreoretinal diseases. METHODS We prospectively recruited children aged 16 years or younger who presented with vitreoretinopathies and underwent plasmin-assisted vitrectomy between 2012 and 2013. The main outcome measure was the induction of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) using a suction power of 200 mm Hg or less during surgery. RESULTS Eleven eyes of 11 patients (mean age: 3.7 years; average follow-up duration: 14.1 months) were included. Of these 11 patients, there were 3 (27%) cases of stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity, 2 (18%) cases of persistent fetal vasculature, 2 (18%) cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 2 (18%) cases of idiopathic epiretinal membrane, 1 (9%) case of traumatic macular pucker, and 1 (9%) case of traumatic vitreous hemorrhage (9%). PVD was achieved in all cases (100%) during surgery using low suction after plasmin treatment (mean: 150 ± 39 mm Hg; range: 100-200). Overall, anatomical success was achieved in 8 eyes (73%). Visual acuity improved in all 5 (100%) patients for whom vision could be measured at 6 months after the operation. Cataracts were found in 4 eyes (36%), and a rise in transient intraocular pressure was observed in 1 eye (9%). CONCLUSIONS Plasmin-assisted vitrectomy offers an effective and less traumatic intervention for a variety of pediatric vitreoretinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC
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Morescalchi F, Gambicorti E, Duse S, Costagliola C, Semeraro F. From the analysis of pharmacologic vitreolysis to the comprehension of ocriplasmin safety. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016; 15:1267-78. [PMID: 27388220 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2016.1208169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacologic vitreolysis is a strategy used to treat anomalous posterior vitreous detachment, by weakening vitreoretinal adhesion with an intravitreal drug. Pharmacologic vitreolysis facilitates surgery, and abnormalities of the vitreoretinal interface including vitreomacular traction (VMT) and early stage macular hole (MH) could be resolved. Ocriplasmin is a recombinant protease, active against fibronectin and laminin, which are important components of the vitreoretinal interface. Ocriplasmin has been approved for symptomatic treatment of VMT and MH with visible traction, and it functions by dissolving the proteins that link the vitreous to the macula, thereby creating a complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). AREAS COVERED This paper reviews the current knowledge and status of investigations regarding the use of ocriplasmin for pharmacologic vitreolysis and its safety. EXPERT OPINION Ocriplasmin is a non-specific enzyme; therefore, it dissolves vitreal proteins as well as possibly proteins associated with visual function in the retina, choroid, and lens. Ocular adverse events (OAEs) of ocriplasmin include transient visual loss, intraocular inflammation, vitreous floaters, lens opacification, zonular instability of the lens, and intraocular hemorrhage. The prevalence of the OAEs is very low; however, on rare occasions, they can result in widespread retinal dysfunction. Research into the acute and long-term safety of ocriplasmin is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Morescalchi
- a Ophthalmology Clinic, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Specialties and Public Health , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Elena Gambicorti
- a Ophthalmology Clinic, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Specialties and Public Health , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Sarah Duse
- a Ophthalmology Clinic, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Specialties and Public Health , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- b Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Health Science , University of Molise , Campobasso , Italy.,c Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, I.R.C.C.S Neuromed , Pozzilli ( Isernia ), Italy
| | - Francesco Semeraro
- a Ophthalmology Clinic, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Specialties and Public Health , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
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Madi HA, Haynes RJ, Depla D, de la Cour MD, Lesnik-Oberstein S, Muqit MMK, Patton N, Price N, Steel DHW. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following intravitreal ocriplasmin. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254:2333-2338. [PMID: 27278373 PMCID: PMC5116307 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients presenting with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after ocriplasmin (OCP) injection. Methods Retrospective, multi-centre, observational case series with case note review. Results Eight patients with symptomatic vitreomacular traction (six with concomitant macular hole) were diagnosed with RRD after a median of 16 days (range 3–131 days) post-OCP injection. Presentation was within 3 weeks of the OCP injection in six of the cases. Five patients presented with symptoms post-OCP, and three were diagnosed asymptomatically on planned visits. Seven cases were phakic, one had high myopia (>8 dioptres), and two cases had lattice degeneration. Following RRD surgery, hole closure was achieved in 5/6 MH cases. The final median BCVA at 7 months was 20/80 (range 20/40–20/1200) similar to the baseline BCVA 20/80, with four patients gaining ≥1 line of vision compared to baseline but three losing ≥3 lines. Conclusions RRD is a non-negligible risk associated with intravitreal OCP, and it should be used with caution in eyes with high myopia and peripheral retinal pathology predisposing to RRD. Detailed peripheral retinal examination is recommended pre- and postoperatively at all visits. Patients should be advised to seek attention if symptoms recur after initial presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa A Madi
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Queen Alexandra Road, Sunderland, SR2 9HP, UK
| | | | - Diana Depla
- Ophthalmology Department, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle, UK
| | - Morten D de la Cour
- Eye Department, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Ndr. Ringvej 57, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Sarit Lesnik-Oberstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mahi M K Muqit
- Vitreoretinal Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, UK
| | - Niall Patton
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Nick Price
- Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton & Midland Counties Eye Infirmary, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - David H W Steel
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Queen Alexandra Road, Sunderland, SR2 9HP, UK. .,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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Chatziralli I, Theodossiadis G, Xanthopoulou P, Miligkos M, Sivaprasad S, Theodossiadis P. Ocriplasmin use for vitreomacular traction and macular hole: A meta-analysis and comprehensive review on predictive factors for vitreous release and potential complications. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254:1247-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Vielmuth F, Schumann RG, Spindler V, Wolf A, Scheler R, Mayer WJ, Henrich PB, Haritoglou C. Biomechanical Properties of the Internal Limiting Membrane after Intravitreal Ocriplasmin Treatment. Ophthalmologica 2016; 235:233-40. [DOI: 10.1159/000444508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the stiffness of the human internal limiting membrane (ILM) and evaluate potential changes of mechanical properties following intravitreal ocriplasmin injection for vitreomacular traction. Methods: This is an interventional comparative case series of 12 surgically excised ILM specimens consecutively obtained from 9 eyes of 9 patients after unsuccessful pharmacologic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin. During the same time period, 16 specimens from 13 other eyes without ocriplasmin treatment were harvested during vitrectomy and served as controls. All patients presented with macular holes or vitreomacular traction and underwent vitrectomy with ILM peeling either with or without brilliant blue (BB) staining. All specimens were analyzed using atomic force microscopy with scan regions of 25 × 25 μm. In all specimens, both the retinal side and vitreal side of the ILM were analyzed. Results: Atomic force microscopy revealed no significant differences in elasticity of ILM specimens removed from eyes with or without ocriplasmin treatment. Undulated areas of the retinal side presented stiffer than the vitreal side of the ILM. Topographical mapping of both the vitreal and retinal side of the ILM showed no apparent alteration of the morphology in ocriplasmin-treated eyes compared to untreated eyes. Staining with BB resulted in an increase of tissue stiffness. Conclusions: Intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin does not change biomechanical properties of the human ILM. There is no evidence of a potential enzymatic effect of ocriplasmin interfering with the stiffness of this basement membrane.
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Prospero Ponce CM, Stevenson W, Gelman R, Agarwal DR, Christoforidis JB. Ocriplasmin: who is the best candidate? Clin Ophthalmol 2016; 10:485-95. [PMID: 27051270 PMCID: PMC4803238 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s97947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic vitreolysis is currently the focus of attention around the world for treating vitreomacular traction and full-thickness macular hole. Induction of posterior vitreous detachment is an active area of developmental clinical and basic research. Despite exerting an incompletely elucidated physiological effect, ocriplasmin (also known as microplasmin) has been recognized to serve as a well-tolerated intravitreal injection for the treatment of vitreomacular traction and full-thickness macular hole. There are several unexplored areas of intervention where enzymatic vitreolysis could potentially be used (ie, diabetic macular edema). Recent promising studies have included combinations of enzymatic approaches and new synthetic molecules that induce complete posterior vitreous detachment as well as antiangiogenesis. Although no guidelines have been proposed for the use of ocriplasmin, this review attempts to aid physicians in answering the most important question, "Who is the best candidate?"
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Prospero Ponce
- Retina Division, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - William Stevenson
- Retina Division, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rachel Gelman
- Retina Division, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel R Agarwal
- Retina Division, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John B Christoforidis
- Retina Division, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Predicting macular hole closure with ocriplasmin based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:740-5. [PMID: 26965018 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo assess the preoperative features of patients with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) and vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) treated with ocriplasmin (OCP) that can predict successful closure.MethodData were prospectively collected on all patients with IMH treated with OCP in three British ophthalmic centres. Several preoperative variables were recorded including the IMH base diameter (BD), minimum linear diameter (MLD), and VMA width measured on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Several other IMH indices were derived including a 'width factor', defined as the BD minus the MLD in μm. The occurrence of VMA release and hole closure were used as the main outcome measures.ResultsThirty-three patients in total with IMH were treated with OCP. Two patients developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and were excluded. The mean age of the remaining 31 patients was 71 years, and 71% were female. VMA release occurred in 19 of the 31 (61%) patients and macular hole closure in 11 (35%). Width factor was the most predictive feature for closure on multivariate analysis. The deviance R(2) was 67% (P<0.001). An IMH with a width factor of <60 μm had a 95% certainty of closure, whereas if >290 μm then there was less than a 5% chance of closure. Neither VMA width nor MLD alone was associated with VMA release or closure.ConclusionsPatients with macular holes where the BD was close in size to the MLD had an improved probability of closure than holes with wider base configurations.
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