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Esmaeil A, Ali A, Almutairi S, Alkandari K, Behbehani R, Alali A. Congenital optic disc pits and optic disc pit maculopathy: a review. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1222979. [PMID: 38983028 PMCID: PMC11182116 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1222979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Optic disc pits are a rare but significant anomaly of the optic nerve head that can lead to visual impairment and associated complications. These pits are characterized by a small, oval-shaped depression in the disc, which can cause fluid accumulation and subsequent damage to the adjacent retina. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of optic disc pits are not fully understood, several theories have been proposed, including abnormal embryonic development and degenerative changes. Diagnosis is typically made through a comprehensive eye examination, including a dilated fundus exam and optical coherence tomography. Management options vary depending on the severity of the condition and associated complications, ranging from observation to surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esmaeil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Adan Hospital, Hadiya, Kuwait
| | - Ali Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Salman Almutairi
- Vitreoretinal Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Khaled Alkandari
- Vitreoretinal Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Raed Behbehani
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Alaa Alali
- Vitreoretinal Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait
- Pediatric Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait
- Vitreoretinal Service, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
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Wong SC, Scripsema NK. Inner retinal fenestration for paediatric optic disc pit maculopathy: a case series. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:2111-2115. [PMID: 34675391 PMCID: PMC9582018 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of inner retinal fenestration as a surgical technique for the treatment of optic disc pit maculopathy (ODPM) in the paediatric population. METHODS This is a retrospective, interventional case series of paediatric patients with ODPM treated at two tertiary hospitals in London by a single surgeon (SCW). All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy with the creation of two inner retinal fenestrations and endogas tamponade. The partial-thickness retinotomies were made radial to the optic disc pit using a 25-gauge MVR blade. Anatomic and visual outcomes were determined by optical coherence tomography central retinal thickness and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), respectively. RESULTS A total of six eyes were included. Average patient age was 12.0 ± 3.5 years. Preoperatively all eyes demonstrated intraretinal fluid and/or serous detachment of the central macula. Patients were followed for a mean of 22.7 ± 16.1 months after surgery. Mean preoperative BCVA was logMAR 0.71 ± 0.29 (20/100). Mean postoperative BCVA was 0.49 ± 0.30 (20/63) at 2 weeks, 0.35 ± 0.33 (20/45) at 3 months and 0.16 ± 0.29 (20/32) at 1 year. Progressive resolution of intraretinal and subretinal fluid (SRF) was observed in all eyes, with central retinal thickness significantly improved by 2 weeks postoperatively (637.83 ± 209.09 µm preoperatively and 465.40 ± 169.86 µm postoperatively, p = 0.04). Recurrence of subretinal or intraretinal fluid was not observed. CONCLUSION Dual inner retinal fenestration is an effective technique that resolves fluid and restores vision in paediatric patients with ODPM. These results support the hypothesis that enabling egress of fluid into the vitreous cavity can achieve long-lasting amelioration of ODPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Chien Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
- OCL Vision, London, UK.
| | - Nicole K Scripsema
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Wagner Macula and Retina Center, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Oli A, Balakrishnan D. Treatment outcomes of optic disc pit maculopathy over two decades. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2021; 13:25158414211027715. [PMID: 34263136 PMCID: PMC8252332 DOI: 10.1177/25158414211027715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To study the long-term outcomes of optic disc pit maculopathy. Methods Electronic medical records of 154 patients with optic disc pit were reviewed and 50 patients with optic disc pit maculopathy who met the study criteria were included in the study. Demographic profile of patients, along with clinical characteristics, optical coherence tomography (OCT) features and change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded. Patients were treated either by observation, barrage laser alone or pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with optional additional surgical procedures. The primary outcome measures were the change in BCVA and resolution of fluid on OCT. Results The mean age of patients was 29.96 years (3-62 years) with a follow-up of 27.16 months. The mean baseline BCVA in observation, laser and vitrectomy group was log MAR 0.94, 0.76 and 0.87 and final BCVA was log MAR 0.9, 0.67 and 0.46, respectively. There was a statistically significant improvement in the final BCVA and reduction in subretinal fluid with resolution of the schisis cavity in vitrectomy group than in other groups. On regression analysis significant association was found between final BCVA with baseline BCVA (R 2 = 0.815, p = 0.002), use of C3 F8 endotempanode (p = 0.004) ILM peeling (p = 0.012) and use of triamcinolone (TA; p = 0.003). No significant association was found with juxtapapillary endolaser (p = 0.062). Conclusions In patients with disc pit maculopathy, PPV lead to better functional and anatomical outcomes as compared to laser or observation alone. Use of surgical adjuvants like ILM peeling, TA and C3F8 tamponade improved the outcomes, unlike juxtapapillary endolaser treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avadhesh Oli
- Smt Kanuri Santhamma Centre of Vitreoretinal diseases, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L. V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India
| | - Divya Balakrishnan
- Smt Kanuri Santhamma Centre of Vitreoretinal diseases, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Torrado-Cobian LA, Fivgas GD. Optic nerve pit maculopathy worsened during pregnancy: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:21. [PMID: 33413194 PMCID: PMC7791707 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report a case of Optic Disc Pit (ODP) maculopathy exacerbated during pregnancy. CASE PRESENTATION A 30-year-old female developed unilateral blurry vision at 10-weeks gestation. Ophthalmic examination revealed left eye reduced visual acuity (VA) with the presence of subretinal fluid temporal to the disc extending to the fovea. On Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) subretinal, and intraretinal fluid was confirmed. Laser photocoagulation was tried in an attempt to prevent surgical intervention without success; subsequently, pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peel and gas tamponade was performed. Three-weeks later, a full thickness macular hole developed, and repeat surgery was performed. Nine-months after the second surgery the macular hole was closed with near complete resorption of edema. CONCLUSIONS No trigger factors for ODP maculopathy have been reported before. We report a case of worsening ODP maculopathy during pregnancy with good visual outcome after surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Torrado-Cobian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Medicine, 533 Bolivar Street, Room 451B, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - George D Fivgas
- LSU Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Division, Private Practice: The Retina Center, 7777 Hennessy Blvd, Suite 3000, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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Kalogeropoulos D, Ch'ng SW, Lee R, Elaraoud I, Felicida V, Purohit M, Mathew M, Ajith-Kumar N, Sharma A, Mitra A. Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy - Case Series, Clinical Approach, and Management. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2020; 27:34-39. [PMID: 32549722 PMCID: PMC7276172 DOI: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_181_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of five cases with optic disc pit (ODP) maculopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of five patients diagnosed with ODP maculopathy. Four of these cases had unilateral involvement, whereas one case had bilateral findings. The medical notes of these individuals were reviewed in order to record the presenting symptoms, clinical signs, visual acuity (VA), imaging, management, and the final visual outcome on their last follow-up appointment. RESULTS The first patient (53-year-old female) underwent a left pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with inner retinal fenestration, endolaser, and perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas tamponade and her VA improved from 6/24 to 6/9 Snellen. A focal retinal laser treatment was carried out on our second patient leading to decrease of the subretinal fluid but had a poor visual outcome due to the underlying secondary glaucoma from iris melanoma treatment in the past. The third patient was an asymptomatic 7-year-old girl in which the maculopathy resolved spontaneously without any surgical intervention with a final VA of 6/5. The fourth and fifth patients were asymptomatic with good vision in both eyes and were, therefore, only monitored with follow-ups. CONCLUSION ODP maculopathy remains a challenging clinical entity for a vitreoretinal surgeon. The current management for ODP maculopathy involves surgical procedures with PPV being a common treatment of choice. Spontaneous resolution of ODP maculopathy has also been reported. Our study highlights the contrasting management that can be adopted in the treatment of ODP maculopathy, and there is not one definite treatment for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Soon Wai Ch'ng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Rynn Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Elaraoud
- Department of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Vinaya Felicida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Maninee Purohit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Maggie Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Naduviledeth Ajith-Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ash Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Arijit Mitra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
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Rachwani Anil R, Rocha-de-Lossada C, Ayala CH, Contreras ME. A new mutation in the PAX2 gene in a Papillorenal Syndrome patient. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019; 16:100563. [PMID: 31692565 PMCID: PMC6806373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2019.100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To present a new mutation in a patient with Papillorenal Syndrome (PAPRS). Observations PAPRS is an autosomal dominant disease that involves ocular and renal abnormalities. We present a patient with PAPRS with a genetically diagnosed PAX2 and new pathogenic mutation. A complete ophthalmological, neurological, nephrological and Ears-Nose-Throat (ENT) examination were undertaken. The patient suffered from Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and some typical ophthalmological signs of PAPRS, including optic nerve coloboma and optic disc pit (ODP) maculopathy associated with an abnormal retinal vessel distribution and numerous cilioretinal arteries in the right eye. The left eye showed similar vessel abnormalities although the optic disc had a normal morphology. Conclusions A new mutation in the PAX2 gene was identified in a patient with ocular and renal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rachwani Anil
- Corresponding author. Plaza del Hospital Civil s/n, Ophthalmology Department, 29009, Málaga, Spain.
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