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Rivera PA, Gupta A, Kombo N. Treatment of non-infectious retinal vasculitis. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2023; 15:25158414231152761. [PMID: 37077655 PMCID: PMC10107051 DOI: 10.1177/25158414231152761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal vasculitis (RV) refers to an entity in which the retinal vasculature is inflamed, frequently with indications of inflammation elsewhere in the eye. Non-infectious RV can be idiopathic or associated with systemic disease, ocular conditions, and malignancy. It can also be classified based on the vessel affected: artery, vein, or both. Due to the lack of strong evidence-based treatment trials and algorithms for RV, physicians must often rely on their experience, which creates great variability in treating this entity. This article provides an overview of various treatment modalities used in the management of non-infectious RV, with a focus on immunomodulatory therapies. We outline a potential stepwise approach of starting with steroids to control the acute inflammation and subsequently changing to immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) for long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A. Rivera
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akash Gupta
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ninani Kombo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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