1
|
Fadel D. Medmont Meridia™: Much More Than a Corneal Topographer. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2023; 15:283-301. [PMID: 38054029 PMCID: PMC10695145 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s433899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, advanced diagnostic instruments have become widely available in optometric practices, offering various functions that optimize clinical information gathering. This article focuses on the Medmont Meridia™, a state-of-the-art multipurpose diagnostic device with corneal topography and cutting-edge features. Corneal topography is pivotal in the early diagnosis of corneal disorders, determining baseline ocular surface assessment, helping in contact lens fitting, and monitoring ocular health over time. The Medmont Meridia boasts Placido-disc-based imaging with extensive corneal coverage. Furthermore, the Meridia accurately measures the horizontal visible iris diameter, pupil diameter, and palpebral fissure width, which assists in making contact lens parameter decisions. Additionally, it offers sagittal height data for scleral lens design and first lens selection, streamlining the fitting process. Beyond its topography capabilities, the Meridia excels as a comprehensive dry eye assessment tool. With features like tear meniscus height, tear film surface quality, and meibography capabilities, it aids in diagnosing dry eye and monitoring its progression. The device also provides customizable dry eye reports with integrated grading scales and questionnaires, making dry eye management, patient education, and compliance more accessible. In conclusion, the Medmont Meridia consolidates a multitude of examination tools in a single instrument, enhancing practice efficiency and elevating patient care and communication. Its versatility and accuracy make it an invaluable asset in optometric practices worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daddi Fadel
- Center for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ponzini E, Recchioni A, Cheloni R, Zeri F, Tavazzi S. Physical Properties and Interaction With the Ocular Surface of Water-Gradient Contact Lenses. Eye Contact Lens 2023; 49:152-159. [PMID: 36811833 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Since the introduction of silicone hydrogel contact lenses, many silicone-hydrogel materials have been produced, including water-gradient contact lenses with a silicone hydrogel core and a thin hydrogel outer layer (e.g., delefilcon A, verofilcon A, and lehfilcon A). Their properties have been investigated in various studies assessing both the chemical-physical characteristics and the comfort, but the overall picture is not always consistent. In this study, water-gradient technology is reviewed by looking at basic physical properties both in vitro and in vivo and at the interaction with the human ocular surface. Surface and bulk dehydration, surface wetting and dewetting, shear stress, interaction with tear components and with other environmental compounds, and comfort are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ponzini
- Materials Science Department (E.P., F.Z., S.T.), University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55-I-20125 Milan, Italy; COMiB Research Center (E.P., F.Z., S.T.), University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55-I-20125 Milan, Italy; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology (A.R.), Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre (A.R.), Birmingham, UK; Optometry & Vision Sciences Group (A.R.), School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, 8UK; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (R.C.), London, UK; and College of Health and Life Sciences (F.Z.), Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Capote-Puente R, Bautista-Llamas MJ, Sánchez-González JM. Tear Film Dynamics between Low and High Contact Lens Dry Eye Disease Questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) Score with a Lehfilcon A Silicone Hydrogel Water Gradient Contact Lens: A Non-Invasive Methodology Approach. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050939. [PMID: 36900083 PMCID: PMC10001148 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tear film dynamics between individuals with low and high Contact Lens Dry Eye Disease Questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) scores when wearing Lehfilcon A silicone hydrogel water gradient contact lenses. In this study, we implemented a longitudinal, single-location, self-comparison investigation. Variables measured included conjunctival redness, lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, first and mean non-invasive break-up time, CLDEQ-8, and standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED). In the second phase, participants were re-evaluated after 30 days of wearing the contact lenses to assess the tear film wearing the lenses. In a longitudinal comparison by group, we found that lipid layer thickness decreased 1.52 ± 1.38 (p < 0.01) and 0.70 ± 1.30 (p = 0.01) Guillon patterns degrees in the low and high CLDEQ-8 group, respectively. MNIBUT increased in 11.93 ± 17.93 (p < 0.01) and 7.06 ± 12.07 (p < 0.01) seconds. Finally, LOT increased in 22.19 ± 27.57 (p < 0.01) and 16.87 ± 25.09 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of Lehfilcon A silicone hydrogel water gradient contact lenses in improving tear film stability and reducing subjective dry eye symptoms in individuals with low and high CLDEQ-8 scores. However, it also led to an increase in conjunctival redness and a decrease in tear meniscus height.
Collapse
|
4
|
Capote-Puente R, Eftimov P, Bautista-Llamas MJ, Yokoi N, Sánchez-González JM, Georgiev G. Short-term tear film stability, optical quality and visual performance in two dual-focus contact lenses for myopia control with different optical designs. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:290-291. [PMID: 36427053 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Capote-Puente
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Petar Eftimov
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Georgi Georgiev
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
CLEAR - Contact lens wettability, cleaning, disinfection and interactions with tears. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:157-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
6
|
García-Marqués JV, Macedo-de-Araújo R, Lopes-Ferreira D, Cerviño A, García-Lázaro S, González-Méijome JM. Tear film stability over a myopia control contact lens compared to a monofocal design. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 105:41-47. [PMID: 33689656 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1878864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical relevance: Tear film assessment is essential in contact lens wearers and it can improve the success rates of the fitting.Background: To compare the short-term effect of two contact lenses on pre-lens tear film stability and comfort: dual-focus contact lens (MiSight) and a monofocal contact lens (Proclear 1-day).Methods: This randomised, double-masked, crossover study was performed in twenty-eight healthy, myopic volunteers aged between 18 and 32 years (23.5 ± 4.1 years). Only one randomly chosen eye was assessed. Distance vision and refraction were evaluated at baseline. Each contact lens type (monofocal and dual-focus) was randomly fitted, always in both eyes. A visual analogue scale between 0 and 10 was used to assess general comfort, physical comfort, and visual comfort. Tear Film Surface Quality (TFSQ) index, TFSQ_area and auto Tear Break-Up Time were obtained using Medmont E-300 at baseline (naked eye condition) and 25 minutes after each contact lens insertion.Results: Refractive sphere and cylinder were, respectively, -1.36 ± 1.04 D (ranging from -6.00 to -0.25 D) and -0.23 ± 0.30 D (ranging from -0.75 to 0.00 D). TFSQ and TFSQ area were lower (meaning more stable tear film) at baseline when compared with both contact lens types (p < 0.025). Higher pre-lens tear instability (larger TFSQ and_TFSQ area values) was found with the dual-focus than the monofocal lens. Auto Tear Break-Up Time was higher at baseline than with each of the contact lenses, without statistically significant differences between both contact lens types. Visual analogue scales revealed statistically significant better scores in the monofocal contact lens than in dual-focus contact lens for general (0.77 ± 1.14 vs 3.12 ± 2.79), physical (0.96 ± 1.46 vs 2.19 ± 2.45) and visual comfort (1.27 ± 1.66 vs 3.92 ± 2.04).Conclusion: A slight reduction in short-term pre-lens tear film stability was found in the dual-focus design in comparison with the monofocal lens, potentially contributing to the deterioration of visual performance and comfort during dual-focus contact lens wear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rute Macedo-de-Araújo
- Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab) Center of Physics (Optometry), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniela Lopes-Ferreira
- Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab) Center of Physics (Optometry), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Cerviño
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Santiago García-Lázaro
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Méijome
- Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab) Center of Physics (Optometry), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eftimov PB, Yokoi N, Peev N, Paunski Y, Georgiev GA. Relationships between the material properties of silicone hydrogels: Desiccation, wettability and lubricity. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:933-946. [PMID: 33135571 PMCID: PMC7917563 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220967526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Silicone hydrogels (SiHy), represent composite matrices composed of hydrophobic gas permeable silicone (Si) rich core and a surface enriched with hydrophilic polymer moieties. Their utilization in contact lens design requires number of SiHy properties (hydration, wettability, lubricity) to be optimized for the challenging conditions at the ocular surface. Typical limitations in literature are that (i) these properties are studied in isolation, monitoring only one parameter but not the rest of them, and (ii) measurements are performed with hydrated samples immediately after removal from storage solutions. Here we study the simultaneous evolution of critical material properties (evaporative loss of water, water contact angle, coefficient of friction) of different SiHy subjected to continuous blink-like desiccation/rehydration cycling. SiHy with wetting agents incorporated in their core (narafilcon A, senofilcon A) were particularly susceptible to extended desiccation. Stenfilcon A, a material with only 3% bulk Si content maintained its performance for 4 h of cycling, and delefilcon A (80% surface water content) resisted extended 8 h of desiccation/rehydration runs. Strong correlation exists between the evolution of SiHy wettability and lubricity at ≥4 h of blink-like cycling. Understanding the interplay between SiHy properties bears insights for knowledge based design of novel ophthalmic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nikola Peev
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Bulgaria
| | - Yasen Paunski
- Institute of Robotics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Llorens‐Quintana C, Garaszczuk IK, Szczesna‐Iskander DH. Meibomian glands structure in daily disposable soft contact lens wearers: a one‐year follow‐up study. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020; 40:607-616. [DOI: 10.1111/opo.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Llorens‐Quintana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
| | - Izabela K. Garaszczuk
- Department of Optics and Photonics Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Visual Sciences University of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Montani G, Martino M. Tear Film Characteristics During Wear of Daily Disposable Contact Lenses. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1521-1531. [PMID: 32581509 PMCID: PMC7279739 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s242422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate changes induced over time by three daily disposable (DD) contact lenses on tear meniscus height (TMH), pre-lens non-invasive break-up time (pre-lens NIBUT), tear film osmolarity (TO) and objective quality of vision (OQV). Patients and Methods Forty-six subjects enrolled in this prospective open-label unmasked non-randomized simultaneous comparative cross-over study. For the first week of the study, subjects wore a nesofilcon A lens in the right eye and a delefilcon A lens in the left eye. After 3 days of washout, for the second week, subjects wore a nesofilcon A lens in the left eye and a stenfilcon A lens in the right eye. TMH, pre-lens NIBUT, TO and OQV were measured before contact lens fitting and for each contact lens combination on day 1 at 20 minutes and on day 7 after ≥8 hours of wear. OQV measurement included the changes of objective scatter index (OSI), the stability index (SI) and the fluctuation index (FI) calculated in a range of time of 20 s from a blink. Results TMH was unchanged at 20 minutes wear of all lenses but was significantly reduced after 8 or more hours wear (on day 7) of delefilcon A and stenfilcon A, respectively. Pre-lens NIBUT was significantly reduced with all lenses, while no significant change in TO was observed with any lens. SI and FI increased significantly for all lenses at both wear times. Conclusion While the presence of any contact lens on the eye challenges the tear film, nesofilcon A contact lenses, despite their high water content, compared to delefilcon A and stenfilcon A contact lenses, showed a lower overall effect. We speculate that superior tear film behavior while wearing nesofilcon A lenses may translate to improved subjective comfort, but this remains to be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Montani
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", CERCA Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martino
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", CERCA Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Corneal surface wettability and tear film stability before and after scleral lens wear. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2019; 42:520-525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Effects of Blink Rate on Tear Film Optical Quality Dynamics with Different Soft Contact Lenses. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:4921538. [PMID: 31360543 PMCID: PMC6652047 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4921538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate tear film optical quality dynamics for four types of silicone hydrogel contact lenses (SHCLs) for daily wear over a 15-day period and for different blink rate (BR) patterns. Methods A prospective randomized, double-blind, cross-over pilot study including four SHCLs (A: lotrafilcon B (Air Optix plus HydraGlyde, Alcon Laboratories); B: samfilcon A (Ultra, Bausch & Lomb); C: comfilcon A (Biofinity, CooperVision); and D: filcom V3 (Blu:gen, Mark'Ennovy)). Serial measurements of Objective Scatter Index (OSI) using the HD Analyzer (Visiometrics S.L., Terrassa, Spain) were taken at different blinking patterns: blinking every 2.5 seconds (high BRs) and every 9 seconds (low BRs). They were performed during the first visit before CL insertion (baseline), after 20 minutes of CL wear (Day 1), and during the last visit after 8 hours of CL wear on day 15 of use (Day 15). Results Normal young healthy subjects were recruited and fitted with the four lenses. For low BRs, the mean OSI value increased over time for all CLs and the slope of the curve also increased for all CLs, except for CL D. However, for high BRs, the mean OSI value increased only for CLs B and C and the slope of the curve did not change over time for any of them. Conclusions These results suggest that the tear film optical quality dynamics after wearing SCHLs for 15 days seems to undergo a slight deterioration only for lowest BR.
Collapse
|
12
|
Eftimov P, Yokoi N, Peev N, Georgiev GA. Impact of Air Exposure Time on the Water Contact Angles of Daily Disposable Silicone Hydrogels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061313. [PMID: 30875896 PMCID: PMC6471927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The wettability of silicone hydrogel (SiHy) contact lens (CLs) is crucial for the pre-lens tear film stability throughout the day. Therefore, sessile drop and captive bubble setups were used to study the advancing and receding water contact angles (CA) of four SiHy materials: narafilcon A (TE), senofilcon A (AOD), stenfilcon A (MD), and delefilcon A (DT). TE and AOD have 48% and 38% water content, respectively, and no surface coating. MD (54% water) implements "smart chemistry" with just 4.4% bulk silicone content, while DT has >80% water at its surface. These SiHy were subjected to continuous blink-like air exposure (10 s)/rehydration (1s) cycles for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 h. The advancing CA, which measures the rehydration propensity of the CL surface, proved to be the most sensitive parameter to discriminate between the samples. The order of performance for the entire time scale was DT > MD >> AOD ≥ TE. The extended desiccation/rehydration cycling increased the differences between the CA of DT and MD compared to AOD and TE. This suggests that the low Si surface content and the high surface hydration are major determinants of SiHy wettability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petar Eftimov
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria.
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Nikola Peev
- Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Faculty of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria.
| | - Georgi As Georgiev
- Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Faculty of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Ruiz-Alcocer J, Monsálvez-Romín D, García-Lázaro S, Albarrán-Diego C, Hernández-Verdejo JL, Madrid-Costa D. Impact of contact lens material and design on the ocular surface. Clin Exp Optom 2017; 101:188-192. [PMID: 29023989 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the impact on the ocular surface of a daily disposable hydrogel contact lens with high water content compared with two silicone hydrogel daily disposable lenses of lower water content. METHODS The hydrogel lens assessed was made from nesofilcon A and the silicone hydrogel lenses were made of delefilcon A and stenfilcon A. Contact lens thickness was measured to assess material stability during daily wear, and ocular surface parameters such as tear film osmolarity, tear meniscus area and central corneal thickness were also assessed. Optical quality was analysed for all cases by means of wavefront aberrometry. RESULTS The nesofilcon A was shown to be the thinnest lens (p < 0.001), while no differences in lens thickness were found between the two silicone hydrogel lenses (p = 0.495). No significant differences were found in tear film osmolarity, tear meniscus area, central corneal thickness or corneal aberrations, either as a function of the lens measured or time of use (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In spite of having the thinnest lens and the highest water content, the hydrogel does not significantly impact on tear film and corneal swelling after one day of use in first-time wearers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - César Albarrán-Diego
- Research Group (GIO), Optics Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the effect of contact lens (CL) material, design, and fitting characteristics on CL discomfort. METHODS A PubMed search identified publications describing subjective comfort and CL material, fitting, and design parameters. The review included clinical signs associated with discomfort that may be a consequence of these parameters. RESULTS Reduced lens movement or more CL tightness were associated with improved comfort. Increased lens-induced paralimbal conjunctival staining and indentation, considered as quasi-indicators of CL fitting or edge design, were also associated with better comfort. No recent studies have evaluated varying CL design parameters and subjective comfort. Silicone hydrogel CLs are no different in comfort compared with hydrogel CLs. Lower equilibrium water content is associated with improved comfort in hydrogel CL wear. Coefficient of friction shows promise as a material factor potentially associated with comfort. Lid wiper epitheliopathy and lid-parallel conjunctival folds have been linked with comfort in established wearers. CONCLUSIONS Recent studies have confirmed the association between more mobile CLs and more discomfort, whereas closer conformity of the CL to the bulbar conjunctiva improved subjective comfort. There is no evidence to support the perceived comfort difference between silicone hydrogel and hydrogel CL. There has been limited progress in understanding the impact of varying specific CL design parameters. Although specific clinical signs may be predictive of discomfort, their role in the natural history of discomfort remains unclear. A better understanding of the relationship between coefficient of friction and comfort and strategies to improve lubricity may hold promise for limiting CL discomfort.
Collapse
|
16
|
Contact Lens Discomfort and Dropout. What is it? Epidemiology. CURRENT OPHTHALMOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40135-015-0068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|