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Liu X, Ye Y, Ge Y, Qu J, Liedberg B, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Smart Contact Lenses for Healthcare Monitoring and Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6817-6844. [PMID: 38407063 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The eye contains a wealth of physiological information and offers a suitable environment for noninvasive monitoring of diseases via smart contact lens sensors. Although extensive research efforts recently have been undertaken to develop smart contact lens sensors, they are still in an early stage of being utilized as an intelligent wearable sensing platform for monitoring various biophysical/chemical conditions. In this review, we provide a general introduction to smart contact lenses that have been developed for disease monitoring and therapy. First, different disease biomarkers available from the ocular environment are summarized, including both physical and chemical biomarkers, followed by the commonly used materials, manufacturing processes, and characteristics of contact lenses. Smart contact lenses for eye-drug delivery with advancing technologies to achieve more efficient treatments are then introduced as well as the latest developments for disease diagnosis. Finally, sensor communication technologies and smart contact lenses for antimicrobial and other emerging bioapplications are also discussed as well as the challenges and prospects of the future development of smart contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Ying Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Yuancai Ge
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Bo Liedberg
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
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Case Series of Perforated Keratomycosis after Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2020; 2020:7237903. [PMID: 33014490 PMCID: PMC7512097 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7237903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fungal keratitis is an extremely rare complication of laser vision correction resulting in poor visual outcomes. Amniotic membrane transplantation should be kept in mind in eyes with corneal perforation prior to penetrating keratoplasty. Aim To assess the outcomes of multilayered fresh amniotic membrane transplantation (MLF-AMT) in patients with severe keratomycosis after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Study design. Hospital-based prospective interventional case series. Methods Five eyes of 5 patients were included in the study. All cases underwent microbiological scrapings from residual bed and intrastromal injections of amphotericin (50 mcg/mL), with flap amputation if needed, followed by topical 5% natamycin and 0.15% amphotericin. MLF-AMT was performed after corneal perforation. Later, penetrating keratoplasty (PK) was performed when corneal opacity compromised visual acuity. The outcome measures were complete resolution of infection, corneal graft survival, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results The mean age of patients was 22 ± 1.2 years with 4/5 (80%) were females. The mean interval between LASIK and symptom onset was 8.8 ± 1 day, and the mean interval between symptom onset and referral was 14 ± 1.4 days. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) smears showed filamentous fungi, and Sabouraud's medium grew Aspergillus in all cases. Melted flaps were amputated in 4 (80%) cases. MLF-AMT was performed in all cases due to corneal perforation after a mean time of 12.4 ± 1.2 days of antifungals. In all cases, complete resolution of infection was seen 26 ± 1.8 days after MLF-AMT, and optical PK was done at a mean of 2.4 months later. No postoperative complications after MLF-AMT or PK were observed, with a 0% incidence of corneal graft rejection, and a final BCVA ranged from 20/20 to 20/80 after a mean follow-up of 14 ± 1.1 months. Conclusion MLF-AMT is a safe and valid option to manage corneal perforation during keratmycosis treatment to avoid emergency therapeutic keratoplasty.
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Li X, Yuan M, Yin R, Liu X, Zhang Y, Sun S, Han L, He S. Histone deacetylase inhibitor attenuates experimental fungal keratitis in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9859. [PMID: 31285488 PMCID: PMC6614500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is one of the leading causes of blindness of infected corneal diseases, but the pathogenesis of fungal keratitis is not fully understood and therefore the treatment of the disease by medication is still under investigation. In the current study, we sought to study the effect of HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on experimental fungal keratitis in mice. SAHA (25 mg/kg) (n = 30) or vehicle (DMSO) (n = 30) was delivered through intraperitoneal injection (IP) 24 hours after the fungal inoculation, and the same amount of SAHA injection or DMSO was followed at day 2. The expression of histone H3 (H3), acetylated histone H3 (AC-H3), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC)1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in surgically excised specimens from the patients and mice with fungal keratitis were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of mRNAs for Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), TNFα, and TLR4 were evaluated in the corneas of the mice with fungal infection and the control corneas by real-time PCR. The quantification of IL-1β and TNFα in the corneas of the mice with fungal infection was determined by ELISA. The inhibitory effect of SAHA on mice fungal keratitis was revealed by GMS and H&E staining. We found that the downregulation of histone acetylation and upregulation of HDAC1 expression were associated with the increased inflammation response in fungal keratitis not only in humans but also in experimental animals. SAHA was able to inhibit experimental fungal keratitis in mouse by suppressing TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-1β; the inhibition of HDAC may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China. .,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China. .,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China. .,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Min Yuan
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ruijie Yin
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shengtao Sun
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Lei Han
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shikun He
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhang ZH, Teng F, Sun QX, Wang SZ, Liu C, Zhao GQ. Rapamycin liposome gutta inhibiting fungal keratitis of rats. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:536-541. [PMID: 31024803 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.04.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the therapeutic effect of rapamycin liposome eyedrops on fungal keratitis (FK) and its effect on the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). METHODS This study adopted the thin film dispersion method to prepare rapamycin liposomes eyedrops, as well as used the orthogonal design to analyze and study main influencing factors that affected the quality of liposomes. Totally 96 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (A), FK blank control group (B), FK blank liposomes control group (C), and 30 FK rapamycin liposome treatment group (D). Groups B, C, and D were first prepared as FK animal models. The corneal response was recorded in details on day 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 after modeling. Six rats were obtained and immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of MCP-1 protein and mRNA, respectively. RESULTS The severity of corneal lesions in the rapamycin treatment group was reduced, and the clinical score of the slit lamp examination was lower than that of Groups B and C (P<0.01). The expression of MCP-1 in rapamycin treatment group was significantly inhibited, comparing to that of groups B and C (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Liposome is a good drug carrier for rapamycin. Rapamycin has a good therapeutic effect on FK. It can reduce FK fungal burden and significantly inhibit the expression of MCP-1 protein and mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng Teng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing-Xiu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gui-Qiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, Shandong Province, China
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