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Qin L, Zhang FZ, Lv JH, Tang LF. Clinical Features in Patients with Xq23 Microdeletion: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2022; 14:339-343. [PMID: 33535730 PMCID: PMC9422909 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2020.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Xq22.3-q23 microdeletion is a rare genomic disorder. The purpose of this study was to emphasize the correlation between clinical phenotype and genotype of proximal deletion on chromosome Xq22.3-q23. A 5 years old boy had a 671 KB microdeletion on Xq23 by chromosomal microarray analysis, including AMMECR1 and CHRDL1 genes. He presented with microsomia, midface hypoplasia, right kidney dysplasia and mildly motor retardation, which have not previously been reported in relation to Xq23 deletion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case with Xq23 microdeletion. A total of nine cases with microdeletion at Xq22.3-q23 affecting AMMECR1 and two cases with CHRDL1 mutation were reviewed. This review showed that Xq23 microdeletion with microsomia, midface hypoplasia, kidney dysplasia, and mild motor retardation was rare. The previous literature showed two novel point mutations in AMMECR1 and CHRDL1 with some phenotype difference from the presented case. Xq23 microdeletion should be considered for patients with microsomia, midface hypoplasia, kidney dysplasia and growth retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Pulmonology, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei-Zhou Zhang
- Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Pulmonology, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Hai Lv
- Shangyu People’s Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan-Fang Tang
- Shangyu People’s Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, Zhejiang, China,* Address for Correspondence: Shangyu People’s Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, Zhejiang, China Phone: +86-13868138022 E-mail:
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Hassan A, Mir YR, Kuchay RAH. Ocular findings and genomics of X-linked recessive disorders: A review. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2386-2396. [PMID: 35791118 PMCID: PMC9426149 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_252_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Advent of new sequencing technologies and modern diagnostic procedures has opened the door for a deeper understanding of disorders about which little was known previously. Discovery of novel genes, new genetic variants in previously known genes and better techniques of functional validation has immensely contributed to unraveling the molecular basis of genetic disorders. Availability of knockout animal models like the zebrafish and gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 has elucidated the function of many new genes and helped us to better understand the functional consequences of various gene defects. This has also led to better diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. In this context, a good body of research work has been done on X-linked recessive disorders with ocular findings. This review will focus on ocular and genetic findings of these rare disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review encompassing ocular and genomic spectrum of X-linked recessive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asima Hassan
- Department of Health and Medical Education, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yaser R Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Raja A H Kuchay
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Jacobson A, Bohnsack BL. Anterior megalophthalmos in sisters with Witteveen-Kolk syndrome. J AAPOS 2022; 26:148-150. [PMID: 35144002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anterior megalophthalmos is a form of anterior segment dysgenesis characterized by megalocornea (>12.5 mm) coupled with an enlarged lens-iris diaphragm and ciliary body ring. Importantly, intraocular pressure (IOP) is normal, and in contrast to buphthalmos, the ratio of anterior segment to vitreous cavity measurements is increased. Anterior megalophthalmos may be an isolated ocular finding, or it may be associated with syndromes such as albinism, Down syndrome, Frank-Ter-Haar, Marfan, Neuhauser, mucolipidosis type 2, and osteogenesis imperfecta. We report anterior megalophthalmos in 2 sisters with genetically confirmed (SIN3A, c.1657C>T, p.R553∗) Witteveen-Kolk syndrome (OMIM #613406).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jacobson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brenda L Bohnsack
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Illinois.
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Wu Q, Zheng Z, Zhang J, Piao Z, Xin M, Xiang X, Wu A, Zhao T, Huang S, Qiao Y, Zhou J, Xu S, Cheng H, Wu L, Ouyang K. Chordin-Like 1 Regulates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis via the MAPK Signaling Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862751. [PMID: 35494000 PMCID: PMC9046701 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of Chordin-like 1 (CHRDL1) is associated with malignant biological behaviors in multiple cancers. However, the exact function and molecular mechanism of CHRDL1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear.MethodsThe expression levels of CHRDL1 in OSCC tissues and CAL27 cells were determined by RT-qPCR. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect CHRDL1 protein expression in sample tissues from OSCC patients. Gain of function and knockdown by lentivirus were further used to examine the effects of CHRDL1 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion in OSCC. Tail vein injection of CAL27 cells with dysregulated CHRDL1 expression was further used to examine the effect of CHRDL1 on lung colonization. RNA sequencing was performed to explore the molecular mechanisms of CHRDL1 that underlie the progression of OSCC.ResultsCHRDL1 was significantly downregulated in OSCC tissues and CAL27 cells compared to controls. CHRDL1 knockdown enhanced migration, invasion, adhesion, and EMT, but not proliferation, in CAL27 cells. Overexpression of CHRDL1 had the opposite effects. Moreover, CHRDL1 was proven to inhibit tumor metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, MAPK signaling pathway components, including ERK1/2, p38, and JNK, were found to regulate the malignant biological behaviors of CAL27 cells.ConclusionsOur results suggest that CHRDL1 has an inhibitory effect on OSCC metastasis via the MAPK signaling pathway, which provides a new possible potential therapeutic target against OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Zhichao Zheng
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengguo Piao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Xin
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Antong Wu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songkai Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofen Xu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Cheng
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kexiong Ouyang, ; Lihong Wu,
| | - Kexiong Ouyang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kexiong Ouyang, ; Lihong Wu,
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Liu S, Sergouniotis PI, Black GC. Primary X-linked megalocornea presenting in adulthood. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 233:e2-e3. [PMID: 34587495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyin Liu
- From the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (S.L., P.I.S., G.C.B.); Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (S.L., P.I.S., G.C.B.).
| | - Panagiotis I Sergouniotis
- From the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (S.L., P.I.S., G.C.B.); Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (S.L., P.I.S., G.C.B.); Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.I.S., G.C.B.)
| | - Graeme C Black
- From the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (S.L., P.I.S., G.C.B.); Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicines and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom (S.L., P.I.S., G.C.B.); Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.I.S., G.C.B.)
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Arce-Gonzalez R, Chacon-Camacho OF, Navas-Perez A, Gonzalez-Gonzalez MC, Martinez-Aguilar A, Zenteno JC. Novel CHRDL1 mutation causing X-linked megalocornea in a family with mild anterior segment manifestations in carrier females. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 43:224-229. [PMID: 34844512 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.2002917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE X-linked megalocornea (XMC) is a rare anterior segment malformation characterized by a nonprogressive enlargement of the cornea to 13 mm or greater in the setting of normal intraocular pressure. XMC is caused by mutations in the CHRDL1 gene and it is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait affecting only males. Here, we describe the results of phenotypic and genetic assessment in a novel XMC pedigree. METHODS Three subjects (a father and his two daughters) underwent a complete clinical and imaging ocular examination including biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, tonometry, visual acuity, Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging, anterior segment Swept Source OCT, and ultrabiomicroscopy. Genetic analysis was performed through whole exome sequencing in 3 family members. Candidate variants were validated by sanger sequencing. RESULTS The affected father exhibited megalocornea, very deep anterior chambers, retrocorneal pigmentation, iris atrophy, queer iris configuration, extremely open iridocorneal angles, and cataracts. Notably, both daughters showed queer iris configuration and abnormally widely open iridocorneal angles in both eyes. Genetic analysis identified a novel hemizygous c.207+1G>A splicing variant in CHRDL1 in the affected father. Both mildly affected daughters were heterozygous for the pathogenic variant. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report an additional XMC family due to a novel mutation in the CHRDL1 gene. Mild anterior segment anomalies were observed in two heterozygous carriers demonstrating for the first time a CHRDL1-linked phenotype in females. A detailed comparison of the clinical and genetic features of this pedigree with those observed in previously published XMC cases is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Arce-Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar F Chacon-Camacho
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico.,Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad De Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Navas-Perez
- Cornea Department, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alan Martinez-Aguilar
- Retinal Dystrophies Clinic, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Zenteno
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana", Mexico City, Mexico.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Ong APC, Zhang J, Vincent AL, McGhee CNJ. Megalocornea, anterior megalophthalmos, keratoglobus and associated anterior segment disorders: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 49:477-497. [PMID: 34114333 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Megalocornea and anterior megalophthalmos (megalocornea spectrum) disorders are typically defined by corneal diameter > 12.5 mm in the absence of elevated intraocular pressure. Clinical features overlap with keratoglobus but are distinct from buphthalmos and severe (globus) keratoconus. Megalocornea spectrum disorders and keratoglobus are primarily congenital disorders, often with syndromic associations; both can present with large and thin corneas, creating difficulty in diagnosis, however, only keratoglobus is typically progressive. Molecular genetics provide significant insight into underlying aetiologies. Nonetheless, careful clinical assessment remains intrinsic to diagnosis. Surgical management can be challenging due to the enlarged ciliary ring and weakened zonules in megalocornea spectrum disorders and the extreme corneal thinning of keratoglobus. In this review, the established literature on measurement of corneal diameter, diagnosis of megalocornea, anterior megalophthalmos and keratoglobus, differentiation from severe keratoconus, recent molecular genetics research and key surgical modalities in the management of these rare disorders are outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P C Ong
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Ophthalmology, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea L Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles N J McGhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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