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Zhang J, Hou H, Chen P, Sun B, Hu F, Yu Y, Song L. Mechanical and modal analysis of different implant strategies for loss of three teeth with bone atrophy in the maxillary posterior region. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38829324 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2358363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the stress distribution and secondary stability involved in five implant strategies, including implant-supported prostheses (ISP) and tooth-implant-supported prostheses (TISP), used for bone atrophy in the maxillary posterior region with teeth loss using finite element analysis, and to explore the more desirable implant methods. METHODS Five implant strategies were made to analyze and compare: M1, implant-supported prosthesis consisting of a short implant with a regular implant; M2, implant-supported prosthesis consisting of a tilted implant with a regular implant; M3, cantilever structure; M4, tooth-implant-supported prosthesis consisting of a short implant with a regular implant; M5, tooth-implant-supported prosthesis consisting of a regular implant, and M6, with only the natural teeth as a control group. Dynamic loading of the above models was performed in finite element analysis software to assess the stress distribution of the bone tissue and implants using the von Mise criterion. Finally, the secondary stability of different models was evaluated by modal analysis. RESULTS The maximum stress distribution in the cortical bone in M1(60 MPa) was smaller than that in M2(97 MPa) and M3(101 MPa), The first principal strain minimum was obtained in M2 (2271μ ε ). M4 (33 MPa, 10085 Hz) with the best mechanical properties and highest resonance frequency. But increased the loading on the natural teeth. CONCLUSIONS Short implants and tilted implants are both preferred implant strategies, if cantilever construction is necessary, a tooth-implant-supported prosthesis consisting of a short implant and a regular implant is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Hou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Benhao Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengling Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youcheng Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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da Silva Bezerra A, Ribeiro AKC, Veríssimo AH, de Almeida EO. Prosthetic complications and failures of implant-supported fixed partial dentures: A scoping review. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00707-2. [PMID: 38036319 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Although high survival rates of implant-supported fixed partial dentures (ISFPDs) have been reported, evidence for complications, failures, and factors that interfere with their longevity is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this scoping review was to review the literature to investigate the most common failures and complications of ISFPDs. MATERIAL AND METHODS This review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses scoping review (PRISMA ScR) guidelines, and the methodology was registered on the open science framework (osf.io/5xqkp). An electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and nonpeer-reviewed literature for articles published from 2013 to January 2023. Studies that evaluated the clinical performance of ISFPDs with at least 1 year of follow-up and described the concepts of failure and success were included. RESULTS The search yielded 5695 studies. Fourteen articles were included in this review for data extraction. Veneering porcelain fracture, screw fracture, and implant loss were the most common failures reported. Technical complications mainly involved screw loosening, loss of retention, and wear of the screw-access restoration. CONCLUSIONS Bruxism, mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient, unsatisfactory support of the framework, choice of cement, shape of the titanium abutments, and extended length of the cantilever were associated with the longevity of the ISFPD. Despite the high survival rate of ISFPDs, data must be carefully interpreted because of the variation in the materials used to manufacture the ISFPD and the heterogeneity of the studies in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliane da Silva Bezerra
- Researcher, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Anne Kaline Claudino Ribeiro
- Postgraduate student, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Erika Oliveira de Almeida
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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Wang L, Fu ZH, Hu ZH, Li M, Qiu LH, Gao Z. Biomechanical behaviour of implant prostheses and adjacent teeth according to bone quality: A finite element analysis. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12863. [PMID: 35342996 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of biomechanical factors in the formation of proximal contact loss has been observed, but there is little research on the mechanisms by which they contribute. Using finite element analysis, this study aimed to analyse the impact of bone quality on the biomechanical behaviour of a dentition consisting of implant prostheses and adjacent teeth. The occlusal load was applied on the implant/tooth crown. In the mesiodistal direction, the adjacent natural tooth mesially to the implant denture had the tendency for mesial movement, while the distal adjacent natural tooth had the tendency for distal movement. For the supporting bone around the mesial adjacent tooth, the maximum/minimum principal stress and strain values on the mesial side of the bone were higher than those on the distal side of the bone. Stress and strain values on the mesial side of the supporting bone around the distal adjacent tooth were lower than those on the distal side. With decreasing bone density, displacements of teeth and the implant denture, principal stresses and equivalent strains on tooth supporting bone increased. Studies on biomechanical behaviours of a tooth-implant dentition may provide a deeper understanding of implant-induced dental adaptive processes such as proximal contact loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Fu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Hu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Hua Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Huang YC, Ding SJ, Yuan C, Yan M. Biomechanical analysis of rigid and non-rigid connection with implant abutment designs for tooth-implant supported prosthesis: A finite element analysis. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:490-499. [PMID: 35028075 PMCID: PMC8739742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The design of the connectors and implant abutments could affect the stress distribution of the tooth-implant supported prosthesis (TISP) entire system after loading. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the stress distribution of the TISP in different connectors and different implant abutments after loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TISP design used in this study was divided into six models. R1, R2 and R3 represented the tooth and the one-piece, two-piece and three-piece abutment implant system connected by a rigid connector, respectively, while NR1, NR2 and NR3 were the corresponding tooth-abutment implant systems connected by a non-rigid connector. A vertical occlusal load of 50 N was applied at a right angle on the 6 occlusal points of the occlusal surface. RESULTS As a result, regarding the maximum average stress distribution, R1 and NR1 appeared on the implant fixture, and the other four models were on the implant abutment. On the other hand, regardless of the abutment implant system, the maximum von Mises stress generated by the rigid connector was greater than the corresponding non-rigid connector in the cortical bone around implant. In addition, the three-piece abutment implant system had lower von Mises stress than the one-piece and two-piece implant systems in the cortical bone. CONCLUSION It is concluded that by adding a flexible non-rigid connector and three-piece abutment device design to TISP, the occlusal load of the implant was dispersed, and the stress could be gradually introduced into the relatively strong implant abutment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chang Huang
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cadmus Yuan
- Department of Mechanical and Computer-aided Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min Yan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Investigating the Effect of Nonrigid Connectors on the Success of Tooth-and-Implant-Supported Fixed Partial Prostheses in Maxillary Anterior Region: A Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5977994. [PMID: 34804166 PMCID: PMC8604583 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5977994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to assess the effect of nonrigid connectors (NRCs) and their location in the success of tooth-and-implant-supported fixed prostheses in the maxillary anterior region by finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and Methods Three 3D FEA models were designed, presuming maxillary lateral incisor and canine to be extracted. Implant (replacing canine), abutment, bone (spongious and cortical), central incisor (containing dentin, root cement, gutta-percha, and casting post and core), periodontal ligament, and three three-unit cemented PFM prostheses (a rigid one and two nonrigid) were modeled. The NRC was once in the tooth side and once in the implant side. The prostheses were loaded twice: 250N to the incisal edges (0° to the long axis) and 200 N to the cingula (45° to the long axis). The von-Mises stress and vertical displacement were analyzed. Results Under both vertical and oblique loadings, the rigid model presented the highest stress. Under vertical loading, the NRC caused a significant decrease in the applied stress to the prosthesis, bone, implant, and tooth. Locating the NRC in the tooth side decreased the applied stress to the prosthesis and NRC. Under oblique loading, prosthesis and implant tolerated less stress in the presence of an NRC. Placing the NRC in the tooth side resulted in the least stress in all of the components except for porcelain and patrix. Vertical displacement of the tooth apex was approximately equal in all models. Conclusion Using an NRC on the tooth side is the most efficient method in reducing the applied stress to prosthesis, implant, tooth, and bone. The amount of intrusion is not dependent on using an NRC or not.
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Schrader P, Kolling S, Schlenz MA, Wöstmann B, Schmidt A. Finite element simulation of fixed dental prostheses made from PMMA -Part II: Material modeling and nonlinear finite element analysis. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:894-902. [PMID: 33883350 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Material characteristics can change significantly with increasing chewing velocity. As these in-vitro examinations are very time-consuming and cost-intensive, the application of finite element analysis (FEA) offers a suitable alternative for predicting the material behavior of complex specimen geometries under clinically relevant loads. Although FEA is applied within numerous dental investigations, there are only few studies available in which a nonlinear FEA is validated with real experiments. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to predict the mechanical behavior of a clinically close three-unit temporary bridge composed of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in the left upper jaw with nonlinear FEA and to verify the prediction through validation experiments. In conclusion, simplifying assumptions of linear elastic material properties for polymeric materials should be avoided in FEA studies, because rate dependencies, stress relaxation and plastic flow are not considered. Additionally, precise preliminary investigations for material characterization are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer Schrader
- Institute of Mechanics and Materials, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen
| | - Stefan Kolling
- Institute of Mechanics and Materials, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen
| | | | - Bernd Wöstmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University
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Boukhlif A, Merdji A, Roy S, Alkhaldi H, Abu-Alshaikh I, Della N, Cristache CM, Hillstrom R. Effect of supporting implants inclination on stability of fixed partial denture: A finite element study. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:1162-1171. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411920944109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this finite element study was to analyze effect of supporting implants inclination on stress distribution in the bone for a four-unit fixed partial denture. A three-dimensional finite element model of mandibular molar section of the bone to receive implants was constructed. Three implant-supported fixed partial dentures, with null, moderate and wide tilting, of 0°, 15° and 30° implant inclinations, respectively, were modeled. A mechanical load of 10 MPa was applied in coronal–apical direction on bridge framework at the regions of crowns positions. The finite element analysis was performed, and von Mises stress levels were calculated. Peak stress concentration in the cortical bone was observed mostly around the implant necks, in inter-implants line. There was favorable stress distribution during loading, with peak stress being 90.04 MPa for 0°, which decreased to 54.33 MPa for 15° and 46.36 MPa for 30° inclination. The supporting implants inclination in fixed partial denture plays an important role in stress distribution and may be helpful in preventing bone loss and implant failure. This phenomenon is likely to be more pronounced in bones of poor quality. Within the limitation of this study, it seems that the inclination of implants in fixed partial denture has a favorable effect on stress distribution pattern values around the supporting implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Boukhlif
- Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria
| | - Ali Merdji
- Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria
- Laboratory of Mechanics and Materials Physics (LMPM), Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Sidi Bel-Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
| | - Sandipan Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Hashem Alkhaldi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Nourddine Della
- Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria
| | | | - Rajshree Hillstrom
- Department of Bioengineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Xin XR, Cai Q, Wang HC, Zhou YM. [Development of tilted implant for free end of maxillary posterior teeth]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:86-89. [PMID: 32037772 PMCID: PMC7184296 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vertical bone insufficiency in the maxillary posterior teeth is a common clinical situation. At present, the bone insufficiency in the maxillary posterior teeth is mainly overcome by bone grafting through maxillary sinus floor elevation. Compared with traditional axial implantation, tilted implantation can better avoid bone grafting, reduce complications, shorten the treatment cycle, reduce the treatment cost for patients, and gradually be promoted in clinical settings. This article reviews the concept, biomechanics, clinical evaluation, and digital trend of tilted implants of maxillary posterior teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Rui Xin
- Implant Center, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qing Cai
- Implant Center, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Han-Chi Wang
- Implant Center, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan-Min Zhou
- Implant Center, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Manea A, Baciut G, Baciut M, Pop D, Comsa DS, Buiga O, Trombitas V, Colosi H, Mitre I, Bordea R, Manole M, Lenghel M, Bran S, Onisor F. New Dental Implant with 3D Shock Absorbers and Tooth-Like Mobility-Prototype Development, Finite Element Analysis (FEA), and Mechanical Testing. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12203444. [PMID: 31640243 PMCID: PMC6829458 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Once inserted and osseointegrated, dental implants become ankylosed, which makes them immobile with respect to the alveolar bone. The present paper describes the development of a new and original implant design which replicates the 3D physiological mobility of natural teeth. The first phase of the test followed the resistance of the implant to mechanical stress as well as the behavior of the surrounding bone. Modifications to the design were made after the first set of results. In the second stage, mechanical tests in conjunction with finite element analysis were performed to test the improved implant design. Methods: In order to test the new concept, 6 titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) implants were produced (milling). The implants were fitted into the dynamic testing device. The initial mobility was measured for each implant as well as their mobility after several test cycles. In the second stage, 10 implants with the modified design were produced. The testing protocol included mechanical testing and finite element analysis. Results: The initial testing protocol was applied almost entirely successfully. Premature fracturing of some implants and fitting blocks occurred and the testing protocol was readjusted. The issues in the initial test helped design the final testing protocol and the new implants with improved mechanical performance. Conclusion: The new prototype proved the efficiency of the concept. The initial tests pointed out the need for design improvement and the following tests validated the concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avram Manea
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu', 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Grigore Baciut
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu', 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu', 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dumitru Pop
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Machine Building, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Sorin Comsa
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Buiga
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Machine Building, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Veronica Trombitas
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu', 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Horatiu Colosi
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu', 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ileana Mitre
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu', 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu', 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Marius Manole
- Department of Prosthetics and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu', 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Manuela Lenghel
- Department of Surgical specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu', 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu', 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Florin Onisor
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu', 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Robati Anaraki M, Torab A, Mounesi Rad T. Comparison of stress in implant-supported monolithic zirconia fixed partial dentures between canine guidance and group function occlusal patterns: A finite element analysis. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2019; 13:90-97. [PMID: 31592107 PMCID: PMC6773921 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2019.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Monolithic zirconia is an emerging material for crowns and bridges. The possibility of full digital design has made it an attractive alternative material for implant-supported prostheses. A proper design is vital in the success of such a prosthesis like any other. This study, in the shortage of scientific evidence, has tried to assess the stress distribution of occlusal forces inside the implant-prosthesis system of a 3-unit bridge made of monolithic zirconia. Methods. A 3-unit monolithic zirconia bridge supported by two implant fixtures placed on the teeth #13 and #15 was digitalized. It was converted to a mesh of 59000 nodes and 34000 elements. Five types of occlusal forces (one as vertical centric, two at 15º and 30º simulating canine pattern of lateral movement, and two at 15º and 30º simulating group function pattern) were applied. The stress distribution among all the components of the implant-bridge system was assessed using Ansys Workbench 14 software and finite element analysis. Results. The maximum stress was between 286 and 546 MPa, which were found in either the fixture‒abutment screw area or in the upper part of the pontic connector between the canine and first premolar. The maximum pressure increased with an increase in the angle of occlusal force. Significantly higher stress was recorded in the group function occlusal pattern. Conclusion. Monolithic zirconia can be promising in designing bridges in the canine‒premolar area. However, proper design is necessary with more attention to the connectors and types of occlusal forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Robati Anaraki
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Torab
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Taymaz Mounesi Rad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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