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Hamilton A, Gonzaga L, Amorim K, Wittneben JG, Martig L, Morton D, Martin W, Gallucci GO, Wismeijer D. Selection criteria for immediate implant placement and immediate loading for single tooth replacement in the maxillary esthetic zone: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2023; 34 Suppl 26:304-348. [PMID: 37750515 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to review available evidence for Type 1A (immediate implant placement and immediate loading) of single tooth replacement in the maxillary esthetic zone. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was conducted utilizing the databases of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane to identify publications reporting on the outcomes of Type 1A for single tooth replacement in the maxillary esthetic zone. The success and survival rates of the included articles were reported, which were further categorized according to the clinical criteria reported in Type 1A. Mean survival rates were univariately compared between risk groups and additionally between studies published before and since 2012 using bias-corrected and study size-weighed bootstrap tests. A study time-correcting meta-analysis was then performed to obtain an overall effect for the study pool. RESULTS A total of 3118 publications were identified in the search, with a total of 68 articles included. A mean number of implants per study were 37.2 and mean follow-up was 2.8 years. All the included studies utilizing Type 1A report highly selective inclusion and exclusion criteria. Univariate risk group comparison determined that studies before 2012 report a significantly lower mean survival rate (difference of -1.9 percentage points [PP], 95% CI: [-0.3, -4.0], p = .02), facial gap dimension had an impact on survival rates (+3.1 PP [0.2, 5.3] for width >2 mm, p = .04), as well as presence of endodontic infection (+2.6 PP [0.9, 5.1], p = .004). CONCLUSIONS Type 1A has a high survival rate in studies reporting strict patient and site selection criteria. Further research is required to assess esthetic and functional success with Type 1A treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hamilton
- Division of Oral Restorative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Regenerative and Implant Sciences, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luiz Gonzaga
- Center for Implant Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Karina Amorim
- Center for Implant Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Dean Morton
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - William Martin
- Center for Implant Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - German O Gallucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Aslam A, Hassan SH, Aslam HM, Khan DA. Effect of platform switching on peri-implant bone: A 3D finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121:935-940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gupta S, Sabharwal R, Nazeer J, Taneja L, Choudhury BK, Sahu S. Platform switching technique and crestal bone loss around the dental implants: A systematic review. Ann Afr Med 2019; 18:1-6. [PMID: 30729925 PMCID: PMC6380118 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_15_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The overall success of dental implants depends on the crestal bone support around the implants. During the initial years of dental implant placement, the bone loss around the implants determines the success rate of treatment. Platform switching (PLS) concept preserves the crestal bone loss, and this approach should be applied clinically for the overall success of dental implants. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to discuss the literature dealing with the concept of PLS concept and preservation of marginal bone, the mechanism by which it contributes to maintenance of marginal bone, its clinical applications, advantages, and disadvantages, to assess its survival rates. Materials and Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar search was done to find out the studies involving PLS concept from 2005 to 2017. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: Literature search revealed studies involving concepts of PLS, comparison of platform-switched and nonplatform-switched implants, case reports on PLS, and studies with histological and finite element analyses regarding PLS. Conclusion: PLS helps preserve crestal bone around the implants, and this concept should be followed when clinical situations in implant placement permit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Gupta
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, MMCDSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Robin Sabharwal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MMCDSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Jazib Nazeer
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Patna Dental college and Hospital, Patna, India
| | - Lavina Taneja
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SGT Dental College and Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | | | - Sudipta Sahu
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, IDS, Sum hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
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Denardi RJ, da Silva RD, Thomé G, Andrighetto AR, de Freitas RM, Shimizu RH, Shimizu IA, Melo ACM. Bone response after immediate placement of implants in the anterior maxilla: a systematic review. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 23:13-25. [PMID: 30712238 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-019-00742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this systematic review was to assess the three-dimensional changes in bone tissue after immediate installation of a single implant in a fresh extraction socket in the anterior maxilla. METHODS After defining a strategy, an electronic search was carried out using the databases PubMed, Embase, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus. In addition, the gray literature was also researched using Google Scholar and ProQuest. Two reviewers independently screened for eligible studies, assessed the methodological quality, and extracted the data. The inclusion criteria were observational studies and experimental studies that assessed bone response after the immediate installation of a single implant in a fresh extraction socket, immediately loaded or not, in the region between the maxillary canines. Studies were included in any language, with no publication date restrictions and with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up after the surgical procedure. RESULTS From a total of 3272 articles, only 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the review. Bone remodeling after immediate installation of a dental implant was assessed using standardized periapical radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that bone remodeling occurs after tooth extraction and immediate implant installation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geninho Thomé
- ILAPEO College, Rua Jacarezinho, 656 - Mercês, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 80710-150, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Hideo Shimizu
- ILAPEO College, Rua Jacarezinho, 656 - Mercês, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 80710-150, Brazil
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Sanz-Sánchez I, Sanz-Martín I, Carrillo de Albornoz A, Figuero E, Sanz M. Biological effect of the abutment material on the stability of peri-implant marginal bone levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2018; 29 Suppl 18:124-144. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sanz-Sánchez
- Section of Graduate Periodontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Elena Figuero
- Section of Graduate Periodontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Section of Graduate Periodontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
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Platform-switching implants and bone preservation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 45:332-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de Molon RS, de Avila ED, de Barros-Filho LAB, Ricci WA, Tetradis S, Cirelli JA, Borelli de Barros LA. Reconstruction of the Alveolar Buccal Bone Plate in Compromised Fresh Socket after Immediate Implant Placement Followed by Immediate Provisionalization. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2015; 27:122-35. [PMID: 26037327 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this clinical report was to reestablish the buccal bone wall after immediate implant placement. The socket defect was corrected with autogenous bone, and a connective tissue graft was removed from the maxillary tuberosity to increase the thickness, height, and width of the buccal bone and gingival tissue followed by immediate provisionalization of the crown during the same operation. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS A 66-year-old patient presented with a hopeless maxillary left central incisor with loss of the buccal bone wall. Atraumatic, flapless extraction was performed, and an immediate implant was placed in the extraction socket followed by preparation of an immediate provisional restoration. Subsequently, immediate reconstruction of the buccal bone plate was performed, using the tuberosity as the donor site, to obtain block bone and connective tissue grafts, as well as particulate bone. Finally, immediate provisionalization of the crown followed by simple sutures was performed. Cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiographs were taken before and after surgery. After 4 months, the final prosthetic crown was made. After a 2-year follow-up, a satisfactory aesthetic result was achieved with lower treatment time and morbidity. CONCLUSION This case demonstrates the effective use of immediate reconstruction of the buccal bone wall for the treatment of a hopeless tooth in the maxillary aesthetic area. This procedure efficiently promoted harmonious gingival and bone architecture, recovered lost anatomical structures with sufficient width and thickness, and maintained the stability of the alveolar bone crest in a single procedure. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE If appropriate clinical conditions exist, immediate dentoalveolar restoration may be the most conservative means of reconstructing the buccal bone wall after immediate implant placement followed by immediate provisionalization with predictable healing and lower treatment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Scaf de Molon
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica Dorigatti de Avila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Weber Adad Ricci
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Platform switching vs standard implants in partially edentulous patients using the Dental Tech Implant System: clinical and radiological results from a prospective multicenter study. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19:2233-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Liu S, Tang C, Yu J, Dai W, Bao Y, Hu D. The effect of platform switching on stress distribution in implants and periimplant bone studied by nonlinear finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112:1111-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Herekar M, Sethi M, Mulani S, Fernandes A, Kulkarni H. Influence of platform switching on periimplant bone loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis. IMPLANT DENT 2014; 23:439-50. [PMID: 24819807 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis aims to systematically review and draw a comparison between conventional implant designs and "platform-switched" implants in terms of crestal bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic (PubMed) and hand searches were conducted. Literature, clinical studies, and case reports pertaining to reduction of crestal bone loss and obtaining better esthetic outcome by platform switching were reviewed till October 2011. Controlled trials comparing marginal bone-level changes around platform-switched and platform-matched implants were selected. For the assessment of accuracy, meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS The marginal bone loss around platform-switched implants was significantly lesser than platform-matched implants (mean difference [MD]: -0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.37 to -0.30; P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS According to this review and meta-analysis, platform switching seems to preserve periimplant bone and soft tissue levels. However, long-term clinical studies on the proper diameter of abutment without deformation and the effective degree of platform switching in terms of the bone resorption are still awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Herekar
- *Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Prosthodontics, Maratha Mandals NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, India. †Postgraduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, Maratha Mandals NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, India. ‡Ex Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Panaji, India; and Private Practice, Prosthodontics, Implantology, Goa, India. §Principal, Professor, and Head of Department, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College and Research Centre, Warnanagar, India
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Alves CC, Muñoz F, Cantalapiedra A, Ramos I, Neves M, Blanco J. Marginal bone and soft tissue behavior following platform switching abutment connection/disconnection--a dog model study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:983-91. [PMID: 24735458 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect on the marginal peri-implant tissues following repeated platform switching abutment removal and subsequent reconnection was studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six adult female Beagle dogs were selected, and Pm3 and Pm4 teeth, both left and right sides, were extracted and the sites healed for 3 months. At this time, 24 bone level (BL) (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) Ø 3.3/8 mm implants were placed, 2 in each side on Pm3 and Pm4 regions. In one side (control group), 12 bone level conical Ø 3.6 mm healing abutments and, on the other side (test group), 12 Narrow CrossFit (NC) multibase abutments (Straumann) , Basel, Switzerland) were connected at time of implant surgery. On test group, all prosthetic procedures were carried out direct to multibase abutment without disconnecting it, where in the control group, the multibase abutment was connected/disconnected five times (at 6/8/10/12/14 weeks) during prosthetic procedures. Twelve fixed metal bridges were delivered 14 weeks after implant placement. A cleaning/control appointment was scheduled 6 months after implant placement. The animals were sacrificed at 9 months of the study. Clinical parameters and peri-apical x-rays were registered in every visit. Histomorphometric analysis was carried out for the 24 implants. The distance from multibase abutment shoulder to the first bone implant contact (S-BIC) was defined as the primary histomorphometric parameter. RESULTS Wilcoxon comparison paired test (n = 6) found no statistically significant differences (buccal P = 0.917; Lingual P = 0.463) between test and control groups both lingually and buccally for S-BIC distance. Only Pm3 buccal aBE-BC (distance from the apical end of the barrier epithelium to the first bone implant contact) (P = 0.046) parameter presented statistically significant differences between test and control groups. Control group presented 0.57 mm more recession than test group, being this difference statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION It can be conclude, within the limits of this animal study, that the connection/disconnection of platform switching abutments during prosthetic phase of implant treatment does not induce bone marginal absorption. Furthermore, it may present a negative influence in the buccal connective tissue attachment that becomes shorter anyway preventing marginal hard tissue resorption, especially in thin biotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia C Alves
- Department of Estomatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- School of Veterinary of Lugo, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Ramos
- Department of Estomatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | | | - Juan Blanco
- Department of Estomatology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
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Calvo-Guirado JL, Gómez-Moreno G, Delgado-Ruiz RA, Maté Sánchez de Val JE, Negri B, Ramírez Fernández MP. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of osseotite-expanded platform implants related to crestal bone loss: a 10-year study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 25:352-358. [PMID: 23425107 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the survival rates at 10 years of expanded platform implants placed in the anterior zone of the maxilla and immediately restored with single crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Implants incorporating the platform-switching concept were placed in fresh extraction sockets in the maxillary arch, with each patient receiving a provisional restoration immediately after implant placement. After 15 days, final screwed restorations were inserted. Mesial and distal bone heights were evaluated using digital radiography on the day following implant placement and at 1, 5, 7, and 10 years. Primary stability was measured with resonance frequency analysis (RFA) using the Osstell Mentor device. Eighty-six implants were placed in 32 men and 32 women ranging in age between 29 and 60 (mean, 39.64 ± 5.16 years). RESULTS Marginal bone loss from implant collar to bone crest between baseline and 10 years follow-up was 1.01 mm ± 0.22. Mesial site crestal bone loss ranged from 3.57 mm ± 1.1 at baseline to 3.77 mm ± 0.7 at 10-year. Distal site crestal bone loss ranged from 3.49 mm ± 0.8 at baseline to 3.73 mm ± 0.7 at 10 year. CONCLUSION The platform-switched implants remained stable over the course of 10 years and had an overall survival rate of 97.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Calvo-Guirado
- Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gerardo Gómez-Moreno
- Department of Pharmacological Interactions in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael A Delgado-Ruiz
- Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Bruno Negri
- Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María P Ramírez Fernández
- Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Rodriguez AM, Rosenstiel SF. Esthetic considerations related to bone and soft tissue maintenance and development around dental implants: report of the Committee on Research in Fixed Prosthodontics of the American Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 108:259-67. [PMID: 23031733 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(12)60174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the frequency of and esthetic demand for implant restorations in the esthetic zone has increased. Recent literature has revealed numerous consistent trends which may aid the clinician in achieving predictable esthetics. Maintaining generous facial bone by judicious placement as well as by using implants with diameters of less than 4 mm appears to be beneficial. Avoiding adjacent implants in the esthetic zone while maintaining an implant to tooth distance of between 2 mm and 4 mm seems to aid in bone and soft tissue maintenance. Abutment connections in which the abutment is narrower than the implant offer distinct advantages, most notably increased bone heights. Also, provisional restoration, especially early in treatment provides long-term esthetic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M Rodriguez
- University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 16059, USA.
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Pini NP, De-Marchi LM, Gribel BF, Pascotto RC. Digital analysis of anterior dental esthetic parameters in patients with bilateral maxillary lateral incisor agenesis. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2013; 25:189-200. [PMID: 23773514 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze anterior dental esthetic parameters-width/height ratio (WHR), gingival zenith (GZ), and apparent contact dimension (ACD)-in patients with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA) bilaterally treated with space closure and recontouring of the canines, or with implant-supported prostheses. METHODS Fifty-two participants were allocated into three groups as follows: MLIA patients (N = 18) treated with teeth recontouring (RG); MLIA patients (N = 10) treated with implants (IG); and volunteers without agenesis (N = 24), who served as controls (CG). Dental casts of all patients were obtained and electronically scanned. Digital images were analyzed with 3Shape A/S OrthoAnalyser software (Copenhagen, Denmark). Shapiro-Wilk test, Spearman correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Although IG presented smaller means when compared with RG and CG, no statistical differences were found for WHR among groups (p > 0.05). Concerning GZ, RG presented more discrepancies than IG and CG, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.0165). IG presented statistically significant differences for the ACD in comparison with RG and CG (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, patients treated with space closure and teeth recontouring (RG) were shown to be closest to patients without agenesis (CG) in relation to the anterior dental esthetic parameters evaluated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The digital analysis of esthetic principles, such as those investigated in this study involving maxillary incisor agenesis, is paramount to successful esthetic treatment planning. The results of the present study, as well as those found in the literature, indicate that clinicians should use esthetic parameters, such as those investigated herein, when treatment planning extensive oral rehabilitation cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núbia Pavesi Pini
- Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Balasubramaniam AS, Raja SV, Thomas LJ. Peri-implant esthetics assessment and management. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2013; 10:7-14. [PMID: 23878557 PMCID: PMC3714827 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing an esthetic restoration in the anterior region of the mouth has been the basis of peri-implant esthetics. To achieve optimal esthetics, in implant supported restorations, various patient and tooth related factors have to be taken into consideration. Peri-implant plastic surgery has been adopted to improve the soft tissue and hard tissue profiles, during and after implant placement. The various factors and the procedures related to enhancement of peri-implant esthetics have been discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi S. Balasubramaniam
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Alapakkam Main Road, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunitha V. Raja
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Alapakkam Main Road, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Libby John Thomas
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Alapakkam Main Road, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pellizzer EP, Verri FR, Falcón-Antenucci RM, Júnior JFS, de Carvalho PSP, de Moraes SLD, Noritomi PY. Stress Analysis in Platform-Switching Implants: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Study. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2012; 38:587-94. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the platform-switching technique on stress distribution in implant, abutment, and peri-implant tissues, through a 3-dimensional finite element study. Three 3-dimensional mandibular models were fabricated using the SolidWorks 2006 and InVesalius software. Each model was composed of a bone block with one implant 10 mm long and of different diameters (3.75 and 5.00 mm). The UCLA abutments also ranged in diameter from 5.00 mm to 4.1 mm. After obtaining the geometries, the models were transferred to the software FEMAP 10.0 for pre- and postprocessing of finite elements to generate the mesh, loading, and boundary conditions. A total load of 200 N was applied in axial (0°), oblique (45°), and lateral (90°) directions. The models were solved by the software NeiNastran 9.0 and transferred to the software FEMAP 10.0 to obtain the results that were visualized through von Mises and maximum principal stress maps. Model A (implants with 3.75 mm/abutment with 4.1 mm) exhibited the highest area of stress concentration with all loadings (axial, oblique, and lateral) for the implant and the abutment. All models presented the stress areas at the abutment level and at the implant/abutment interface. Models B (implant with 5.0 mm/abutment with 5.0 mm) and C (implant with 5.0 mm/abutment with 4.1 mm) presented minor areas of stress concentration and similar distribution pattern. For the cortical bone, low stress concentration was observed in the peri-implant region for models B and C in comparison to model A. The trabecular bone exhibited low stress that was well distributed in models B and C. Model A presented the highest stress concentration. Model B exhibited better stress distribution. There was no significant difference between the large-diameter implants (models B and C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Brazil
| | - Fellippo Ramos Verri
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Brazil
| | - Rosse Mary Falcón-Antenucci
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Brazil
| | - Joel Ferreira Santiago Júnior
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Lúcia Dantas de Moraes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Brazil
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Pini NIP, De-Marchi LM, Gribel BF, Ramos AL, Furquim LZ, Pascotto RC. Analysis of width/height ratio and gingival zenith in patients with bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisor. Dental Press J Orthod 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512012000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the width/length ratio and the gingival zenith (GZ), by means of dental casts and digital caliper, in patients with missing maxillary lateral incisors after treatment. METHODS: The sample was composed of 52 subjects divided into 3 groups: BRG (n = 18), patients with bilateral agenesis treated with tooth re-contouring; BIG (n = 10) patients with agenesis treated with implants and CG (n = 24), control group. The data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, Spearman correlation, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, t test and ANOVA tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: For the width/length ratio of the lateral incisors, BIG presented the lowest mean values (0.72 right and left), when compared with other groups. However, comparison between groups presented statistically significant differences for the right lateral incisor (BIG x CG) and for the canine (BRG x CG). GZ data evaluation showed the greatest difference for BRG (0.5 right and 0.48 left). BIG (0.95 right and 0.98 left) and CG (0.98 right and 0.8 left) presented more similar values, nevertheless, without statistical difference (p > 0.05). GZ data for the right and left sides of the smile were not considered statistically different. CONCLUSION: Although no statistical difference was found in the comparison between the groups, analysis of the descriptive values showed that group BIG showed the greatest difference in values with regard to width/length ratio. Regarding gingival zenith, BRG showed the greatest difference.
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Annibali S, Bignozzi I, Cristalli MP, Graziani F, La Monaca G, Polimeni A. Peri-implant marginal bone level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing platform switching versus conventionally restored implants. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:1097-113. [PMID: 22931292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review the literature to compare implant survival (IS) and marginal bone loss (MBL) around platform-switched (PS) versus conventionally restored platform-matching dental implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Randomized, controlled human clinical trials (RCTs) comparing IS and MBL in PS and conventionally restored implants, with 12 months of follow-up and at least 10 implants were identified through electronic and manual search. Review and meta-analysis were performed according to PRISMA statement. Risk ratio (RR) for implant failure and mean difference (MD) for MBL, with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Sources of heterogeneity among studies were also investigated by subgroup analyses. RESULTS Ten RCTs involving 435 subjects and 993 implants contributed to this review. The cumulative estimated implant success rate revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. At a patient level, a smaller amount of MBL [MD -0.55 mm, 95%CI (-0.86; -0.24), p = 0.0006] was noted around PS implants. Subgroup analyses performed at implant level suggested less MBL when platform switching showed a larger mismatching. CONCLUSION PS technique appeared to be useful in limiting bone resorption. Nevertheless, these data should be interpreted cautiously as significant heterogeneity and possible publication bias were noted. Further research is needed to identify the factors most associated with successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Annibali
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Post-Extractive Implants: Outcome of 40 Cases. EUR J INFLAMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x120100s205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, several investigators have reported immediate placement of dental implants into extraction sockets achieving excellent results with a two-stage surgical procedure. Recently immediate loading has become an emerging technique as it has been documented to be a successful and time saving procedure. As regard the possibility of immediate/early loading of implants placed in fresh extraction sockets few reports are available. In addition they are based on limited series with short follow-up. Thus we decided to perform a retrospective study on a series of post-extractive implants. A total of 40 two-piece implants (FMD srl, Rome, Italy) were inserted in post extractive sockets, 22 in females and 18 in males. The median age was 52 ± 11 (min-max 24–69 years). Twenty-one implants were inserted in upper jaw and 19 in mandible. Fixtures replaced 7 incisors, 3 cuspids, 12 premolars and 18 molars. Implant' length was x ≤ 10 mm, 10,30 ≤ x ≤ 12.30, equal to 13 mm and x ≥14 mm in 6,14,9, and 11 cases, respectively. Implant' diameter was narrower than 3.5 mm, equal to 3.8 mm and wider than 4.0 mm in 1,7, and 32 cases, respectively. There were 28, 2 and 10 Elisir, I-fix, and Shiner implant types, respectively. No implant on single tooth rehabilitations, was lost, survival rate = 100%. Then peri-implant bone resorption (i.e. delta IAJ) was used to investigate SCR. Seven fixtures have a crestal bone resorption greater than 1.5 mm (SCR = 82.5%). Statistical analysis demonstrated that there was a difference between surgeons (p= 0.005). In conclusion FMD implants are reliable devices for oral rehabilitation with a very high SCR and SVR.
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Gurgel-Juarez NC, de Almeida EO, Rocha EP, Júnior ACF, Anchieta RB, de Vargas LCM, Kina S, França FMG. Regular and Platform Switching: Bone Stress Analysis Varying Implant Type. J Prosthodont 2012; 21:160-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2011.00801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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Calvo-Guirado JL, Gómez-Moreno G, López-Marí L, Guardia J, Negri B, Martínez-González JM. Crestal bone loss evaluation in osseotite expanded platform implants: a 5-year study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22:1409-14. [PMID: 21435008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the survival rates at 5 years of expanded platform implants placed in the anterior zone of the maxilla and immediately restored with single crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Implants incorporating the platform-switching concept were placed in fresh extraction sockets in the maxillary arch, with each patient receiving a provisional restoration immediately after implant placement. After 15 days, final screwed restorations were inserted. Mesial and distal bone heights were evaluated using digital radiography on the day following implant placement and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 months and 5 years. Primary stability was measured with resonance frequency analysis (RFA) using the Osstell Mentor device. Sixty-four implants were placed in 32 men and 32 women ranging in age between 29 and 60 (mean: 39.64 ± 5.16 years). RESULTS Mean mesial bone loss was 0.08 mm (SD 0.42). Mean distal bone loss was 0.14 mm (SD 0.56). Over the course of the 5 years, the mean RFA value was 72.5 ± 3.1 SD. CONCLUSION The platform-switched implants remained stable over the course of 5 years and had an overall survival rate of 97.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Calvo-Guirado
- Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Rodríguez X, Vela X, Méndez V, Segalà M, Calvo-Guirado JL, Tarnow DP. The effect of abutment dis/reconnections on peri-implant bone resorption: a radiologic study of platform-switched and non-platform-switched implants placed in animals. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 24:305-11. [PMID: 22092773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this animal study was to radiologically measure the influence of abutment disconnection on bone resorption and to compare this influence on platform-switched vs. non-platform-switched implants. METHODS The study design included extraction of all mandibular premolars in five canines . After 2 months, six implants were placed in each dog. Four of them were platform-switched (PS) implants and two were non-platform-switched (NPS) implants. Some or all of the abutments connected to the implants were disconnected at pre-ordained post-surgical intervals. Radiographs were taken at the time of implant placement and at every handling. The values for mesial (horizontal and vertical) and distal (horizontal and vertical) bone resorption were taken and compared for each implant at every abutment dis/reconnection. RESULTS The average vertical bone resorption around NPS implants after four dis/reconnections was 1.09 mm (SD 0.25 mm), and the average horizontal bone resorption was 0.98 mm (SD 0.27 mm). The average vertical bone resorption around PS implants after four dis/reconnections was 0.24 mm, (SD 0.08 mm) and the average horizontal bone resorption was 0.24 mm (SD 0.13 mm). The difference of the average horizontal and vertical bone resorption around NPS (site D) and PS (site A) implants was statically significant (P < 0.05). The average mesial and distal bone resorption values around PS (site A) implant adjacent to a tooth were compared, and statically significant differences were found (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Implants with a PS design show less peri-implant bone resorption during the healing process and as their abutments are disconnected, than do comparably dis/reconnected NPS implants. The location of the PS implant next to a tooth may decrease radiographically visible peri-implant bone resorption significantly.
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Degidi M, Perrotti V, Shibli JA, Novaes AB, Piattelli A, Iezzi G. Equicrestal and Subcrestal Dental Implants: A Histologic and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Nine Retrieved Human Implants. J Periodontol 2011; 82:708-15. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mangano C, Mangano F, Shibli JA, Ricci M, Sammons RL, Figliuzzi M. Morse taper connection implants supporting "planned" maxillary and mandibular bar-retained overdentures: a 5-year prospective multicenter study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22:1117-1124. [PMID: 21251077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In contrast to the excellent long-term outcomes described for implant-supported mandibular overdentures, less favorable long-term survival and success rates have been reported for maxillary implants supporting overdentures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of "planned" bar-retained maxillary and mandibular overdentures supported by Morse taper connection implants, investigating implant survival, peri-implant tissue health, marginal bone resorption and prosthetic complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS Over a 2-year period, 60 patients were enrolled in this study, in four different clinical centers. The overdentures (maxilla 38, mandible 34) were planned with support from four implants anchored on a bar. A total of 288 Morse taper connection implants (Leone Implant System(®)) were inserted (152 maxilla, 136 mandible). Implants were evaluated 5 years after insertion. Success criteria included the absence of pain, suppuration or clinical mobility, the distance between implant shoulder and first crestal bone-implant contact (DIB) <2 mm and no exudate history. RESULTS The overall 5-year implant survival rate was 98% (maxilla 97.4%, mandible 98.6%), with 282 implants still in function. Among these surviving implants, 278 (98.6%) were classified in the success group. At the 5-year examination, the mean DIB was 0.7 mm (±0.53). Few prosthetic complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS With "planned" bar-retained maxillary and mandibular overdentures supported by Morse taper connection implants, satisfactory survival and success rate can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mangano
- Dental School, University of Varese, Varese, ItalyPrivate Practice, Como, ItalyDental School, University of Guarulhos, Sao Paulo, BrazilDental School, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyDental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDental School, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Mangano
- Dental School, University of Varese, Varese, ItalyPrivate Practice, Como, ItalyDental School, University of Guarulhos, Sao Paulo, BrazilDental School, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyDental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDental School, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Dental School, University of Varese, Varese, ItalyPrivate Practice, Como, ItalyDental School, University of Guarulhos, Sao Paulo, BrazilDental School, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyDental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDental School, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ricci
- Dental School, University of Varese, Varese, ItalyPrivate Practice, Como, ItalyDental School, University of Guarulhos, Sao Paulo, BrazilDental School, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyDental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDental School, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rachel Lilian Sammons
- Dental School, University of Varese, Varese, ItalyPrivate Practice, Como, ItalyDental School, University of Guarulhos, Sao Paulo, BrazilDental School, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyDental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDental School, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Figliuzzi
- Dental School, University of Varese, Varese, ItalyPrivate Practice, Como, ItalyDental School, University of Guarulhos, Sao Paulo, BrazilDental School, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyDental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDental School, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Vargas LCM, de Almeida EO, Rocha EP, Kina S, Anchieta RB, Júnior ACF, França FMG. Regular and switching platform: bone stress analysis with varying implant diameter. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2011; 39:326-31. [PMID: 21231868 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate stress distribution of the peri-implant bone by simulating the biomechanical influence of implants with different diameters of regular or platform switched connections by means of 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Five mathematical models of an implant-supported central incisor were created by varying the diameter (5.5 and 4.5 mm, internal hexagon) and abutment platform (regular and platform switched). For the cortical bone, the highest stress values (σmax and σvm) were observed in situation R1, followed by situations S1, R2, S3, and S2. For the trabecular bone, the highest stress values (σmax) were observed in situation S3, followed by situations R1, S1, R2, and S2. The influence of platform switching was more evident for cortical bone than for trabecular bone and was mainly seen in large platform diameter reduction.
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Pellizzer EP, Falcón-Antenucci RM, de Carvalho PSP, Santiago JF, de Moraes SLD, de Carvalho BM. Photoelastic Analysis of the Influence of Platform Switching on Stress Distribution in Implants. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2010; 36:419-24. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution of platform switching implants using a photoelastic method. Three models were constructed of the photoelastic resin PL-2, with a single implant and a screw-retained implant-supported prosthesis. These models were Model A, platform 5.0 mm/abutment 4.1 mm; Model B, platform 4.1 mm/abutment 4.1 mm; and Model C, platform 5.00 mm/abutment 5.00 mm. Axial and oblique (45°) loads of 100 N were applied using a Universal Testing Machine (EMIC DL 3000). Images were photographed with a digital camera and visualized with software (AdobePhotoshop) to facilitate the qualitative analysis. The highest stress concentrations were observed at the apical third of the 3 models. With the oblique load, the highest stress concentrations were located at the implant apex, opposite the load application. Stress concentrations decreased in the cervical region of Model A (platform switching), and Models A (platform switching) and C (conventional/wide-diameter) displayed similar stress magnitudes. Finally, Model B (conventional/regular diameter) displayed the highest stress concentrations of the models tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Brazil
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Atieh MA, Ibrahim HM, Atieh AH. Platform Switching for Marginal Bone Preservation Around Dental Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1350-66. [PMID: 20575657 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Momen A Atieh
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Chung S, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JYK, Roe P, Lozada JL. Immediate single tooth replacement with subepithelial connective tissue graft using platform switching implants: a case series. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2010; 37:559-69. [PMID: 20883114 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This case series evaluated the facial gingival stability following single immediate tooth replacement in conjunction with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). Implant success rate and peri-implant tissue response were also reported. Ten patients (6 male, 4 female), with a mean age of 52.1 (range = 22.7 to 67.1) years, underwent immediate implant placement and provisionalization with SCTG and were evaluated clinically and radiographically at presurgery (T0), at the time of immediate tooth replacement and SCTG (T1), and 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3), and 12 months (T4) after surgery. Data were analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests at the significance level of α = .05. At 1 year, 9 of 10 implants remained osseointegrated with the overall mean marginal bone change of -0.31 mm and a mean facial gingival level change of -0.05 mm. The modified plaque index scores showed that patients were able to maintain a good level of hygiene throughout the study. The papilla index score indicated that at T4, more than 50% of the papilla fill was observed in 89% of all sites. When proper 3-dimensional implant position is achieved and bone graft is placed into the implant-socket gap, favorable success rate and peri-implant tissue response of platform switching implants can be achieved following immediate tooth replacement in conjunction with subepithelial connective tissue graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Chung
- Advanced Education in Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Hagiwara Y. Does platform switching really prevent crestal bone loss around implants? JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Mangano C, Mangano F, Shibli JA, Tettamanti L, Figliuzzi M, d'Avila S, Sammons RL, Piattelli A. Prospective evaluation of 2,549 Morse taper connection implants: 1- to 6-year data. J Periodontol 2010; 82:52-61. [PMID: 20653436 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the implant survival, the implant-crown success, and the prosthetic complications of 2,549 Morse taper interference-fit connection implants. METHODS A total of 2,549 Morse taper connection implants were inserted in 893 patients from January 2003 until December 2008. At each annual recall, clinical, radiographic, and prosthetic parameters were assessed. The implant-crown success criteria included the absence of pain, suppuration, and clinical mobility; an average distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone contact <2 mm from initial surgery; and the absence of prosthetic complications at the implant-abutment interface. Prosthetic restorations were fixed partial prostheses (462 units); fixed full-arch prostheses (60 units); single crowns (531 units); and overdentures (93 units). RESULTS The cumulative implant survival rate was 98.23% (97.25% maxilla, 99.05% mandible). The implant-crown success was 92.49%. A few prosthetic complications at implant-abutment interface were reported (0.37%). After 6 years, distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone contact was 1.10 mm (± 0.30 mm). CONCLUSION The use of Morse taper connection implants represents a successful procedure for the rehabilitation of partially and completely edentulous arches.
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Implant platform switching: biomechanical approach using two-dimensional finite element analysis. J Craniofac Surg 2010; 21:182-7. [PMID: 20098182 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3181c50eb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In implant therapy, a peri-implant bone resorption has been noticed mainly in the first year after prosthesis insertion. This bone remodeling can sometimes jeopardize the outcome of the treatment, especially in areas in which short implants are used and also in aesthetic cases. To avoid this occurrence, the use of platform switching (PS) has been used. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical concept of PS with relation to stress distribution using two-dimensional finite element analysis. A regular matching diameter connection of abutment-implant (regular platform group [RPG]) and a PS connection (PS group [PSG]) were simulated by 2 two-dimensional finite element models that reproduced a 2-piece implant system with peri-implant bone tissue. A regular implant (prosthetic platform of 4.1 mm) and a wide implant (prosthetic platform of 5.0 mm) were used to represent the RPG and PSG, respectively, in which a regular prosthetic component of 4.1 mm was connected to represent the crown. A load of 100 N was applied on the models using ANSYS software. The RPG spreads the stress over a wider area in the peri-implant bone tissue (159 MPa) and the implant (1610 MPa), whereas the PSG seems to diminish the stress distribution on bone tissue (34 MPa) and implant (649 MPa). Within the limitation of the study, the PS presented better biomechanical behavior in relation to stress distribution on the implant but especially in the bone tissue (80% less). However, in the crown and retention screw, an increase in stress concentration was observed.
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Abstract
Abstract
Bone platform switching involves an inward bone ring in the coronal part of the implant that is in continuity with the alveolar bone crest. Bone platform switching is obtained by using a dental fixture with a reverse conical neck. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional vs reverse conical neck implants. In the period between May 2004 and November 2007, 86 patients (55 females and 31 males; median age, 53 years) were operated and 234 implants were inserted: 40 and 194 were conventional vs reverse conical neck implants, respectively. Kaplan-Meier algorithm and Cox regression were used to detect those variables associated with the clinical outcome. No differences in survival and success rates were detected between conventional vs reverse conical neck implants alone or in combination with any of the studied variables. Although bone platform switching leads to several advantages, no statistical difference in alveolar crest resorption is detected in comparison with reverse conical neck implants. We suppose that the proximity of the implant abutment junction to the alveolar crestal bone gives no protection against the microflora contained in the micrograph. Additional studies on larger series and a combination of platform switching and bone platform switching could lead to improved clinical outcomes.
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Effect of platform switching on strain developed around implants supporting mandibular overdenture. IMPLANT DENT 2009; 18:362-70. [PMID: 19667825 DOI: 10.1097/id.0b013e3181b4f98c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the effect of platform switching, using 3 different abutment sizes on the strain developed around implants supporting mandibular overdenture, using strain gages. MATERIALS An implant-supported overdenture was constructed on an acrylic model with 2 implant fixtures placed at canine areas. Abutments of different sizes (5.5 mm, 4.5 mm, and 3.5 mm diameter) were screwed in the implant fixtures (platform switching). Anterior axial, anterior off-axis (lateral), and posterior load were applied on each abutment through a load applicator attached to the upper compartment of a universal testing machine until a load of 100 N, at which instant, the resultant strain on the implants was recorded using 4 strain gages connected to a 4-channel strain indicator. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05, followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test. RESULTS Anterior axial load application and decreasing the abutment size lead to a decrease in the strain developed on the loaded abutment and to an increase in the strain developed on the unloaded abutment. Anterior off-axis load application and decreasing the abutment size lead to an increase in the strain developed on the loaded abutment and to a decrease on the unloaded abutment. On the other hand, posterior load application and decreasing the abutment size lead to an increase in the strain developed on the mesial side of the near abutment and a decrease in the strain developed on its distal side, where there was a significant increase in the strain developed on the mesial and distal sides of the far abutment. CONCLUSION The distribution of the strain developed because of decreasing the abutment size does not favor the use of platform switching in an implant-supported mandibular overdenture.
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Hsu JT, Fuh LJ, Lin DJ, Shen YW, Huang HL. Bone Strain and Interfacial Sliding Analyses of Platform Switching and Implant Diameter on an Immediately Loaded Implant: Experimental and Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analyses. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1125-32. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Atieh MA, Payne AGT, Duncan WJ, Cullinan MP. Immediate restoration/loading of immediately placed single implants: is it an effective bimodal approach? Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 20:645-59. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mangano C, Mangano F, Piattelli A, Iezzi G, Mangano A, La Colla L. Prospective clinical evaluation of 1920 Morse taper connection implants: results after 4 years of functional loading. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 20:254-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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