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Bertucci V, Huang C. Neuromodulator Assessment and Treatment for the Upper Face: An Update. Dermatol Clin 2024; 42:51-62. [PMID: 37977684 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulator treatment of the upper face has been extensively studied and serves as an excellent tool to enhance facial appearance, non-verbal communication, and social functioning. Optimal outcomes are best achieved when health care providers take an individualized approach, based on knowledge of structural and functional anatomy, thorough facial assessment, and customized injection techniques and patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Bertucci
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Private Practice, 100-8333 Weston Road, Woodbridge, Ontario L4L 8E2, Canada.
| | - Christina Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Liu S, Cong L, Pongprutthipan M, Lee W, Luo X, Han X, Li D, Moon HJ, Wang H. Use of LetibotulinumtoxinA for Aesthetic Treatment of Asians: A Consensus. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:NP962-NP974. [PMID: 37220644 PMCID: PMC10575620 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of wrinkles and dynamic lines with botulinum toxin has been a routine practice for years in aesthetic clinical settings. The effective treatment of wrinkles requires a comprehensive understanding of facial expression muscles and their interactions, the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin, and individual patient preferences. The dose adjustment practice and injection technique of physicians are affected by cultural differences; most Asian patients prefer natural-looking results. This article aims to present an expert consensus on the injection sites, doses, and levels of botulinum toxin for various indications in Asians, with the hope of providing guidance to some clinicians. This consensus paper reviews LetibotulinumtoxinA for patient evaluation, dosage, and delivery techniques in Asians from the time LetibotulinumtoxinA was approved up to December 2022. Panelists proposed individualized treatment plans for botulinum toxin type A (BTxA) treatments in 3 areas-wrinkle removal, contour adjustment, and face lifting-for Asians based on their extensive experience and knowledge of facial anatomy. When using a different BTxA, clinicians should start with a conservative dose and carefully individualize the treatment for each patient, and adjust it according to feedback to obtain a higher satisfaction level. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hang Wang
- Corresponding Author: Dr Hang Wang, Sichuan University, West China Coll Stomatol, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. E-mail: ; Twitter and Instagram: @plasticsurgeonhang
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3
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An Algorithm for Correction of the Aging Upper Face. Clin Plast Surg 2022; 49:415-420. [PMID: 35710157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As the approach to the upper face has evolved in recent years, so has the focus of aesthetic brow procedures. Brow position was the primary focus early in the late twentieth century, with the coronal brow lift the primary means of surgical correction. In more recent years, improving or maintaining brow shape has taken on greater importance and has increasingly been addressed by contemporary techniques. These include the endoscopic, temporal, direct, gliding approaches as well as nonsurgical brow lifts. As each patient has individual facial characteristics and expectations, every technique comes with a unique set of indications.
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Hüray H, Özkoca D, Zekayi K. A Retrospective Analysis of the Uses of BoNT‐A in Daily Dermatological Practice. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:1948-1952. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Defne Özkoca
- İstanbul University‐Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Dermatology and Venerology
| | - Kutlubay Zekayi
- İstanbul University‐Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Dermatology and Venerology
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Nilforoushzadeh MA, Heidari‐Kharaji M, Behrangi E, Lotfi E, Roohaninasab M, Nouri M, Nobari NN. Effect of Endolift Laser on Upper Eyelid and Eyebrow Ptosis Treatment. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:3380-3385. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Jordan Dermatology and Hair Transplantation Center Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Heidari‐Kharaji
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Jordan Dermatology and Hair Transplantation Center Tehran Iran
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé Biotechnologie (CAFSB) Laval Quebec Canada
| | - Elham Behrangi
- Department of Dermatology Rasool Akram Medical Complex Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Elaheh Lotfi
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Masoumeh Roohaninasab
- Department of Dermatology Rasool Akram Medical Complex Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Nouri
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Jordan Dermatology and Hair Transplantation Center Tehran Iran
| | - Niloufar Najar Nobari
- Department of Dermatology Rasool Akram Medical Complex Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Walker B, Hand M, Chesnut C. Forehead Movement Discrepancies After Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Review of Etiology, Correction, and Prevention. Dermatol Surg 2022; 48:94-100. [PMID: 34537780 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forehead rhytides are a popular target for botulinum toxin injections, but neuromodulation of the frontalis can be fraught with complications because of its anatomic complexity and integral role in brow position and expressivity. OBJECTIVE This article explores common forehead movement discrepancies that can occur after neuromodulation of the frontalis, as well as how to correct and prevent them. METHODS A review of the literature was conducted and combined with clinical experience to examine underlying forehead anatomy, etiology and correction of forehead movement discrepancies, and important factors to consider before injecting the frontalis with botulinum toxin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Variable anatomy from person to person necessitates an individualized treatment approach to achieve the best cosmetic results and prevent the occurrence of forehead movement discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Walker
- Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Hand
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Chesnut MD Cosmetic Surgery Fellowship, Spokane, Washington
| | - Cameron Chesnut
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Chesnut MD Cosmetic Surgery Fellowship, Spokane, Washington
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Kroumpouzos G, Kassir M, Gupta M, Patil A, Goldust M. Complications of Botulinum toxin A: An update review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:1585-1590. [PMID: 33864431 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetic surgery procedures have increased manifolds all over the world owing to the ever-increasing demand of people to look beautiful and young. Injectable treatments like botulinum toxin are becoming more popular owing to their rapid, well-defined, and lasting results for the reduction of facial fine lines, wrinkles, and facial rejuvenation. These emerging treatments are quite safe but can have certain adverse effects. In this article, we have highlighted the complications and side effects of botulinum toxin based on the anatomical location. The possible causes and precautions to prevent these complications are also discussed. The search of literature included peer-reviewed articles including clinical trials and scientific reviews. Literature was identified from electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed) through January 2021 and references of respective articles and only the articles published in English language were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kroumpouzos
- Department of Dermatology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Medical School of Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil.,GK Dermatology, PC, South Weymouth, MA, USA
| | - Martin Kassir
- Founding Director, Worldwide Laser Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mrinal Gupta
- DNB Dermatology Consultant Dermatologist, Treatwell Skin Centre, Jammu, India
| | - Anant Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Eftekhari MH, Aghaei H, Kangari H, Bahrami M, Eftekhari S, Tabatabaee SM, Shahraki K, Bahrami M, Broumand MG. Abobotulinum toxin A for periorbital facial rejuvenation: impact on ocular refractive parameters. Clin Exp Optom 2020; 104:115-118. [PMID: 32783216 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Botulinum toxin is commonly used for cosmetic facial rejuvenation and can result in pain at the injected site, bruising and ecchymosis, erythema and oedema, headache, diplopia, blurred vision, focal facial weakness. This study evaluates the impact of botulinum toxin on refractive error and binocular vision. BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin (trade name: Dysport) is a neurotoxic protein which is made from a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium known as Clostridium botulinum. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of Dysport injection on refractive error, near point of accommodation and convergence, and palpebral fissure height. METHODS Twenty-eight subjects were treated for facial wrinkles, using Dysport. A 500-unit vial of Dysport was diluted with 2.5-ml preserved normal saline, and injected doses were 30-units for crow's feet, six units for lower eyelid wrinkles, 25 to 50-units for glabellar lines (five points), and 20 to 40 for forehead creases on four points. The refractive error, near point of accommodation and convergence and palpebral fissure heights were assessed before and two weeks after injection. RESULTS The participants comprised 23 women and five men at a mean age of 53.51 ± 14.1-years. The means of the equivalent sphere before and after injection were -0.07 ± 1.34 and -0.08 ± 1.35 (p = 0.36). The means of near point of accommodation monocularly before and after injection were 29.75 ± 6.16-cm and 26.75 ± 6.00, respectively. The means of near point of convergence before and after injection were 16.03 ± 5.27-cm and 15.55 ± 6.14, respectively (p = 0.30). The means of palpebral fissure height before and after injection were 10.33 ± 1.69-mm and 10.20 ± 1.46-mm, respectively. The changes in equivalent spherical refractive error, binocular near point of accommodation and convergence were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Dysport injection for the correction of upper face animation lines, if performed at the appropriate sites and the appropriate concentration, has no significant impact on refractive error, near point of accommodation and convergence, and palpebral fissure height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Eftekhari
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Torfe Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghaei
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Kangari
- School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Bahrami
- School of Rehabilitation (Student Research Office), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Shervin Eftekhari
- Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed M Tabatabaee
- School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Shahraki
- Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobin Bahrami
- School of Rehabilitation (Student Research Office), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad G Broumand
- School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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Karimi N, Kashkouli MB, Sianati H, Khademi B. Techniques of Eyebrow Lifting: A Narrative Review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2020; 15:218-235. [PMID: 32308957 PMCID: PMC7151508 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v15i2.6740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
None of brow lift techniques are completely satisfactory because of their limited effectiveness, lack of longevity, and potential complications. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the pros and cons of the most popular techniques in brow and forehead lift. Relevant original articles in the PubMed database (English language) were sought using the search terms “eyebrow lift", “forehead lift", "periorbital rejuvenation", "eyebrow ptosis", "blepharoplasty and eyebrow change", "surgical eyebrow lift", and "non-surgical eyebrow lift", No date limitation was considered. Titles and abstracts were scanned to include the most pertinent articles. Subsequently, full texts of included articles (111 articles) were skimmed and finally 56 references were selected for the review. A narrative synthesis of data was finally undertaken with particular attention to the indications, techniques, and common complications of the eyebrow lift procedures. Ten popular techniques including two non-surgical methods (Botulinum toxin A and soft tissue fillers) were reviewed in this article. In general, non-surgical methods of forehead/brow lift are temporary, need less experience and correction would be easier should any complication occur. Surgical methods are divided into three categories: trans-blepharoplasty eyebrow lift, direct eyebrow lift, and trans-forehead eyebrow/forehead lift. Currently, the most popular method is the endoscopic forehead lift approach even though its longevity is limited. Direct brow-lift is particularly useful in patients with facial palsy and those who are more likely to be accepting of the scar (male gender, high forehead hair line).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Karimi
- Eye and Skull Base Research Centers, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli
- Eye and Skull Base Research Centers, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Sianati
- Eye and Skull Base Research Centers, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Khademi
- Eye and Skull Base Research Centers, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tang Q, Chen C, Wang X, Li W, Zhang Y, Wang M, Jing W, Wang H, Guo W, Tian W. Botulinum toxin A improves adipose tissue engraftment by promoting cell proliferation, adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:713-720. [PMID: 28731141 PMCID: PMC5547983 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue engraftment has become a well-established therapy in plastic and reconstructive surgery used to restore age-related or injury-related soft tissue loss. However, the unpredictable absorption rates limit its further application. Some clinicians have noted that more optimal aesthetic results are achieved when botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) is applied prior to adipose tissue grafting. In the present study, we transplanted allogeneic adipose tissue treated with or without BoNTA in SD rats in vivo. We subsequently evaluated the survival rate (weight, volume, apoptosis and cellular integrity) and revascularization of the adipose tissue. The results revealed that BoNTA improved the long-term weight and volume retention of the graft, and preserved cellular integrity. BoNTA significantly increased the expression levels of CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), suggesting enhanced vasodilation and endothelial cell proliferation. In vitro, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were isolated, identified and induced to proliferate and differentiate with or without BoNTA. Furthermore, to evaluate the proliferative, adipogenic and angiogenic ability of the ASCs, CCK-8 assay and Oil Red O staining were conducted. Gene and protein expression levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The results revealed that 8×10−2 U/ml BoNTA as the optimal dose increased ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation capacity, as well as the expression level of the key cytokine of angiogenesis. On the whole, our findings indicate that BoNTA improves adipose tissue engraftment and promotes ASC regeneration, which could benefit future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Muyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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Re: "Cosmetic Microdroplet Botulinum Toxin A Forehead Lift: A New Treatment Paradigm". Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 32:71. [PMID: 26735960 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Reply re: "Cosmetic Microdroplet Botulinum Toxin A Forehead Lift: A New Treatment Paradigm". Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 32:71-2. [PMID: 26735961 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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