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Wu KY, Fujioka JK, Goodyear E, Tran SD. Polymers and Biomaterials for Posterior Lamella of the Eyelid and the Lacrimal System. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:352. [PMID: 38337241 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of biopolymers in the reconstruction of the posterior lamella of the eyelid and the lacrimal system marks a significant fusion of biomaterial science with clinical advancements. This review assimilates research spanning 2015 to 2023 to provide a detailed examination of the role of biopolymers in reconstructing the posterior lamella of the eyelid and the lacrimal system. It covers the anatomy and pathophysiology of eyelid structures, the challenges of reconstruction, and the nuances of surgical intervention. This article progresses to evaluate the current gold standards, alternative options, and the desirable properties of biopolymers used in these intricate procedures. It underscores the advancements in the field, from decellularized grafts and acellular matrices to innovative natural and synthetic polymers, and explores their applications in lacrimal gland tissue engineering, including the promise of 3D bioprinting technologies. This review highlights the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration between material scientists and clinicians in enhancing surgical outcomes and patient quality of life, emphasizing that such cooperation is pivotal for translating benchtop research into bedside applications. This collaborative effort is vital for restoring aesthetics and functionality for patients afflicted with disfiguring eyelid diseases, ultimately aiming to bridge the gap between innovative materials and their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrook, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Jamie K Fujioka
- Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Emilie Goodyear
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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Rehman U, Shemie M, Sarwar MS, Adebayo O, Brennan PA. Use of biomaterials in the reconstruction of posterior lamellar eyelid defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 61:464-474. [PMID: 37400344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Eyelid defects can occur secondary to tumours, trauma, burns, and congenital factors. Among the most challenging aspects of eyelid reconstruction is the rebuilding of a tarsal substitute due to its delicate and multi-layered tissue composition. Attempts to use biomaterials for posterior lamellar reconstruction are intended to provide an alternative to traditional autograft reconstructions. In this review, we aimed to assess the types of biomaterials used for the reconstruction of the posterior lamella associated with eyelid defects and the associated clinical outcomes. A literature search was conducted on Pubmed, Prospero, Dynamed, DARE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases. A total of 15 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 129 patients with 142 eyelids reconstructed, using artificial grafts, were included in the review. Acellular dermis allograft (AlloDerm®, LifeCell) (n = 49) was the most common artificial graft used. A meta-analysis was performed, which demonstrated a pooled success rate of artificial grafts of 99% (95% CI 96-100, p = 0.05; I2 = 40%, total complications seen 39% (95% CI 96-100, p = 0.05; I2 = 40%) and re-operation rates of 5.6% (n = 8). The biomaterials used demonstrated an overall success rate of 99%, which is similar if not greater than that reported with the use of traditional autograft reconstruction techniques, with similar complications and fewer re-operations than autografts. This suggests that clinicians should consider the clinical use of artificial grafts for posterior lamellar reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Rehman
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Melissa Shemie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mohammad Sohaib Sarwar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, United Kingdom.
| | - Oluwasemilore Adebayo
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter A Brennan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
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Zhao Y, Bai R, Hao H, Qi W, Li S, Li J. The effectiveness and safety of eyelid defect reconstruction after sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid surgery: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34531. [PMID: 37565911 PMCID: PMC10419430 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid is the third most common eyelid malignancy, after basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. It is highly malignant and potentially aggressive. Surgical excision is currently the best treatment option for this condition. Patients often require reconstruction surgery to repair eyelid defects to achieve normal eyelid function and appearance. However, no comprehensive systematic review has assessed the efficacy and safety of eyelid defect reconstruction. This protocol was developed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate evidence related to the efficacy and safety of reconstruction. METHODS We will systematically search the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from their inception to February 2023 for studies on eyelid defect reconstruction. We will identify other potential studies using multiple methods such as manual searching. The outcomes were eyelid function, eyelid morphology, patient satisfaction, recurrence rate, metastasis rate, tumor-related mortality, and adverse events. Two researchers will independently screen titles and abstracts, identify full-text studies for inclusion, extract data, and appraise the risk of bias in the included studies. A meta-analysis will be conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and R software. The certainty of evidence will be appraised by grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation system. RESULTS This full-text will adhere to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement to ensure clarity and completeness of reporting in all phases of the systematic review. DISCUSSION This study provides evidence of the efficacy and safety of reconstruction methods for sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou First People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou First People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou First People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou First People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou First People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou First People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Xu P, Chen P, Gao Q, Sun Y, Cao J, Wu H, Ye J. Azithromycin-carrying and microtubule-orientated biomimetic poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds for eyelid reconstruction. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1129606. [PMID: 37261116 PMCID: PMC10227510 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1129606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tarsal plate repair is the major challenge of eyelid reconstruction for the oculoplastic surgeon. The ideal synthetic tarsal plate substitute should imitate the microstructure and mechanical strength of the natural eyelid. The aim of this work was to develop a novel bionic substitute for eyelid reconstruction. Methods Three types of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds (random, oriented, and azithromycin-loaded oriented scaffolds) were prepared using an improved thermal-induced phase separation technique. The microstructure of the scaffolds was examined by scanning electron microscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using scaffold extracts. Fibroblast and primary rat meibomian gland epithelial cells (rMGCs) were cultured within the scaffolds, and their behavior was observed using fluorescence staining. Three types of PLGA scaffolds were implanted into rabbit eyelid defect in vivo to evaluate their inductive tissue repair function. Results We successfully fabricated three types of PLGA scaffolds with varying pore architectures, and the axially aligned scaffold demonstrated interconnected and vertically parallel channels. In vitro cytotoxicity tests using scaffold extracts revealed no apparent cytotoxicity. Fluorescence staining showed that both Fibroblast and rMGCs could adhere well onto the pore walls, with fibroblast elongating along the axially aligned porous structure. At 8 weeks post-implantation, all scaffolds were well integrated by fibrovascular tissue. The axially aligned scaffold groups exhibited faster degradation compared to the random scaffold group, with smaller fragments surrounded by mature collagen fibers. Conclusion The study found that the axially aligned scaffolds could well support and guide cellular activities in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the axially aligned scaffold group showed a faster degradation rate with a matched integration rate compared to the random scaffold group. The findings suggest that the oriented scaffold is a promising alternative for eyelid tarsal plate substitutes.
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[Beyond esthetics-Regenerative medicine for severe diseases of the adnexa oculi]. DIE OPHTHALMOLOGIE 2022; 119:878-890. [PMID: 35925347 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoration of eyelid and lacrimal functions are important steps on the way to an intact ocular surface. Clinically available substitute tissues or therapeutic options for eyelid reconstruction and lacrimal gland regeneration often reach their limits in patients with severe diseases of the adnexa oculi. Several approaches in regenerative medicine have been intensively researched and clinically tested in recent years. These range from reconstructive approaches with novel tissue matrices in the field of eyelid surgery to stem cell therapies to regenerate lacrimal gland function. MATERIAL AND METHODS The state of the art in the current literature is presented and an overview of clinically applied or currently researched tissues for eyelid reconstruction is given. Furthermore, approaches in stem cell therapy of the lacrimal gland as well as own results are presented. RESULTS Acellular dermis has been successfully used for eyelid reconstruction and represents a viable option in cases of limited availability of autologous tissue. In vitro grown cellular constructs or tissues with genetically modified cells have already been successfully applied in dermatology for the treatment of burns or severe genodermatoses. First studies on stem cell therapy for severe dry eye in Sjögren syndrome showed a safe and effective application of mesenchymal stem cells by injection into the lacrimal gland. CONCLUSION Due to the limitations of currently available replacement tissues, there is a clinical need for the development of new materials for adnexa oculi reconstruction. Constructs grown in vitro with allogeneic and/or genetically engineered cells are slowly making their way into clinical practice. The efficacy and mode of action of stem cells in severe dry eye are subject matters of current clinical trials.
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Yan Y, Fu R, Ji Q, Liu C, Yang J, Yin X, Oranges CM, Li Q, Huang RL. Surgical Strategies for Eyelid Defect Reconstruction: A Review on Principles and Techniques. Ophthalmol Ther 2022; 11:1383-1408. [PMID: 35690707 PMCID: PMC9253217 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of eyelid defects, especially the posterior lamella, remains challenging because of its anatomical complexity, functional considerations, and aesthetic concerns. The goals of eyelid reconstruction include restoring eyelid structure and function and achieving an aesthetically acceptable appearance. An in-depth understanding of the complex eyelid anatomy and several reconstructive principles are mandatory to achieve these goals. Currently, there are multiple surgical treatment options for eyelid reconstruction, including different flaps, grafts, and combinations of them. This comprehensive review outlines the principles of reconstruction and discusses the indications, advantages, and disadvantages of currently available surgical techniques. We also propose our clinical thinking for solving specific clinical questions in eyelid reconstruction and offer perspectives on new potential methodologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qiumei Ji
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chuanqi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiya Yin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Carlo M Oranges
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ru-Lin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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