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Kang S, Larrabee G, Nair S, Goldfarb EV. Perceptual Generalization of Alcohol-Related Value Characterizes Risky Drinkers. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:1146-1162. [PMID: 37682597 PMCID: PMC10985388 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231181516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalizing from past experiences to novel situations is critical for adaptive behavior, whereas overgeneralization can promote maladaptive responses (e.g., context-inappropriate fear in anxiety). Here, we propose that overgeneralizing alcohol-related associations characterizes risky drinking. We conducted two online experiments assessing generalization of alcohol-related gains (Study 1) and losses (Study 2) among individuals who engaged in light or risky patterns of drinking (Study 1: N = 88, 24-44 years old; Study 2: N = 87, 21-44 years old). After learning to associate cards with alcohol and non-alcohol-related outcomes, participants chose whether to play with cards varying in perceptual similarity to those shown during conditioning. Finally, participants completed a surprise recognition memory test for all outcomes. Although both groups showed comparable conditioning, we found that risky drinkers overgeneralized alcohol-related gains and losses. Risky drinkers also showed a bias toward recognizing alcohol-related images. These results indicate a novel role for overgeneralization of alcohol-related gains and losses as a mechanism associated with risky drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth V. Goldfarb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University
- Department of Psychology, Yale University
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut
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Choi JC, Park HJ, Park JA, Kang DR, Choi YS, Choi S, Lee HG, Choi JH, Choi IH, Yoon MW, Lee JM, Kim J. The increased analgesic efficacy of cold therapy after an unsuccessful analgesic experience is associated with inferior parietal lobule activation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14687. [PMID: 36038625 PMCID: PMC9424269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior experiences of successful and failed treatments are known to influence the efficacy of a newly applied treatment. However, whether that carry-over effect applies to non-pharmacological treatments is unknown. This study investigated how a failed treatment history with placebo analgesic cream affected the therapeutic outcomes of cold-pack treatment. The neural correlates underlying those effects were also explored using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The effect of the placebo analgesic cream was induced using placebo conditioning with small (44.5 °C to 43.7 °C, negative experience) and large (44.5 °C to 40.0 °C, positive experience) thermal stimuli changes. After the placebo conditioning, brain responses and self-reported evaluations of the effect of subsequent treatment with a cold-pack were contrasted between the two groups. The negative experience group reported less pain and lower anxiety scores in the cold-pack condition than the positive experience group and exhibited significantly greater activation in the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), which is known to be involved in pain relief. These findings suggest that an unsatisfying experience with an initial pain-relief treatment could increase the expectations for the complementary treatment outcome and improve the analgesic effect of the subsequent treatment. The IPL could be associated with this expectation-induced pain relief process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chan Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea.,Cham Brain Health Institute, 08807, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, BrainKorea21Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 3722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong A Park
- Alzza Health Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- Department of Precision Medicine & Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju-si, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Choi
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - SoHyun Choi
- Department of Precision Medicine & Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju-si, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gyu Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju-si, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Practical Arts Education, Chinju National University of Education, Jinju-si, 52673, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ho Choi
- Department of Architectural Design, Kaywon University of Art and Design, Uiwang-si, 16038, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 4763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, 2841, Republic of Korea.
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Weng L, Peerdeman KJ, Della Porta D, van Laarhoven AIM, Evers AWM. Can placebo and nocebo effects generalize within pain modalities and across somatosensory sensations? Pain 2022; 163:548-559. [PMID: 34232926 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pain and other somatosensory sensations, such as itch, can be effectively decreased by placebo effects and increased by nocebo effects. There are indications that placebo effects on pain generalize to other sensations and that nocebo effects generalize within itch modalities. However, it has not yet been investigated whether learned effects can generalize within pain stimulus modalities or from pain to itch. Our aims were to test whether placebo and nocebo effects can generalize within pain modalities, ie, from heat pain to pressure pain, and across somatosensory sensations with psychophysiological similarities, ie, from heat pain to cowhage-evoked itch. For this purpose, 65 healthy participants were randomized to either a placebo or nocebo group. All participants first underwent a conditioning and verbal suggestion procedure with heat pain stimuli. Subsequently, responses to heat pain, pressure pain, and cowhage-evoked itch stimuli were tested. Results showed altered levels of heat and pressure pain with the conditioned cue in both placebo and nocebo groups in the expected directions, but no significant difference in itch in both groups. In conclusion, placebo and nocebo effects on pain may generalize within but not across stimulus modalities. This study provides a novel perspective on the role that response generalization plays in physical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Weng
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kaya J Peerdeman
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Delia Della Porta
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antoinette I M van Laarhoven
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea W M Evers
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Medical Delta, Leiden University, Technical University Delft, Rotterdam University, the Netherlands
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