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Cognitive Test Scores and Progressive Cognitive Decline in the Aberdeen 1921 and 1936 Birth Cohorts. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030318. [PMID: 35326274 PMCID: PMC8946766 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aberdeen birth cohorts of 1921 and 1936 (ABC21 and ABC36) were subjected to IQ tests in 1932 or 1947 when they were aged about 11y. They were recruited between 1997–2001 among cognitively healthy community residents and comprehensively phenotyped in a long-term study of brain aging and health up to 2017. Here, we report associations between baseline cognitive test scores and long-term cognitive outcomes. On recruitment, significant sex differences within and between the ABC21 and ABC36 cohorts supported advantages in verbal ability and learning among the ABC36 women that were not significant in ABC21. Comorbid physical disorders were self-reported in both ABC21 and ABC36 but did not contribute to differences in terms of performance in cognitive tests. When used alone without other criteria, cognitive tests scores which fell below the −1.5 SD criterion for tests of progressive matrices, namely verbal learning, digit symbol and block design, did not support the concept that Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a stable class of acquired loss of function with significant links to the later emergence of a clinical dementia syndrome. This is consistent with many previous reports. Furthermore, because childhood IQ-type data were available, we showed that a lower cognitive performance at about 64 or 78 y than that predicted by IQ at 11 ± 0.5 y did not improve the prediction of progress to MCI or greater cognitive loss. We used binary logistic regression to explore how MCI might contribute to the prediction of later progress to a clinical dementia syndrome. In a fully adjusted model using ABC21 data, we found that non-amnestic MCI, along with factors such as female sex and depressive symptoms, contributed to the prediction of later dementia. A comparable model using ABC36 data did not do so. We propose that (1) MCI criteria restricted to cognitive test scores do not improve the temporal stability of MCI classifications; (2) pathways towards dementia may differ according to age at dementia onset and (3) the concept of MCI may require measures (not captured here) that underly self-reported subjective age-related cognitive decline.
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2
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Fu J, Liu Q, Du Y, Zhu Y, Sun C, Lin H, Jin M, Ma F, Li W, Liu H, Zhang X, Chen Y, Sun Z, Wang G, Huang G. Age- and Sex-Specific Prevalence and Modifiable Risk Factors of Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults in China: A Population-Based Observational Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:578742. [PMID: 33192471 PMCID: PMC7662098 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.578742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Minimal data are available on the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older Chinese adults. Moreover, the current information on MCI shows important geographical variations. Objective We aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for MCI by age and sex among older adults in a North Chinese population. Methods In this population-based cross-sectional study, we enrolled a random sample of 4,943 adults aged ≥ 60 years between March 2018 and June 2019 in Tianjin, China. Of these, 312 individuals were excluded due to a lack of data (e.g., fasting blood test). As a result, 4,631 subjects were assessed. Individuals with MCI were identified using neuropsychological assessments, including the Mini-Mental State Examination and Activities of Daily Living scale, based on a modified version of the Petersen’s criteria. Results The mean (SD) age of the 4,631 participants was 67.6 (4.89) years, and 2,579 (55.7%) were female. The overall age- and sex-standardized prevalence of MCI in our study population was 10.7%. There were significant associations of MCI with age [65–69 vs. 60–64 years, OR = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58, 0.96], physical activity (≥23.0 vs. <23.0 MET-hours/week, OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.96), body mass index (BMI) (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.95), grip strength (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.67), hypertension (yes vs. no, OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.77), higher levels of sleepiness (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.37), and longer sleep duration (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.72). The inverse association between BMI and MCI was stronger in older age groups (P for heterogeneity = 0.003). Moreover, the magnitude of association between triglycerides and MCI was different between the sexes (P for heterogeneity = 0.029). Conclusion The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of MCI was 10.7% in the study sample. Physical activity, BMI, grip strength, sleepiness, sleep duration, and hypertension were associated with the prevalence of MCI. Additionally, triglycerides and BMI might be differently associated with the presence of MCI for different sexes and age stages, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Neurosurgical Department of Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengdi Jin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Xumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoyu Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Tumor, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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Association between anticholinergic (atropinic) drug exposure and cognitive function in longitudinal studies among individuals over 50 years old: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 75:1631-1644. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-019-02744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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Frey BM, Petersen M, Mayer C, Schulz M, Cheng B, Thomalla G. Characterization of White Matter Hyperintensities in Large-Scale MRI-Studies. Front Neurol 2019; 10:238. [PMID: 30972001 PMCID: PMC6443932 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: White matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin (WMH) are a common finding in elderly people and a growing social malady in the aging western societies. As a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease, WMH are considered to be a vascular contributor to various sequelae such as cognitive decline, dementia, depression, stroke as well as gait and balance problems. While pathophysiology and therapeutical options remain unclear, large-scale studies have improved the understanding of WMH, particularly by quantitative assessment of WMH. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of the characteristics, research subjects and segmentation techniques of these studies. Methods: We performed a systematic review according to the PRISMA statement. One thousand one hundred and ninety-six potentially relevant articles were identified via PubMed search. Six further articles classified as relevant were added manually. After applying a catalog of exclusion criteria, remaining articles were read full-text and the following information was extracted into a standardized form: year of publication, sample size, mean age of subjects in the study, the cohort included, and segmentation details like the definition of WMH, the segmentation method, reference to methods papers as well as validation measurements. Results: Our search resulted in the inclusion and full-text review of 137 articles. One hundred and thirty-four of them belonged to 37 prospective cohort studies. Median sample size was 1,030 with no increase over the covered years. Eighty studies investigated in the association of WMH and risk factors. Most of them focussed on arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type II and Apo E genotype and inflammatory markers. Sixty-three studies analyzed the association of WMH and secondary conditions like cognitive decline, mood disorder and brain atrophy. Studies applied various methods based on manual (3), semi-automated (57), and automated segmentation techniques (75). Only 18% of the articles referred to an explicit definition of WMH. Discussion: The review yielded a large number of studies engaged in WMH research. A remarkable variety of segmentation techniques was applied, and only a minority referred to a clear definition of WMH. Most addressed topics were risk factors and secondary clinical conditions. In conclusion, WMH research is a vivid field with a need for further standardization regarding definitions and used methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt M Frey
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Petersen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carola Mayer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schulz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE Identification of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) subtypes is important for pharmacologic treatment and care planning, yet inaccuracies in dementia diagnoses make ADRD subtypes hard to identify and characterize. The objectives of this study were to (1) develop a method to categorize ADRD cases by subtype and (2) characterize and compare the ADRD subtype populations by demographic and other characteristics. METHODS We identified cases of ADRD occurring during 2008 to 2014 from the OptumLabs Database using diagnosis codes and antidementia medication fills. We developed a categorization algorithm that made use of temporal sequencing of diagnoses and provider type. RESULTS We identified 36,838 individuals with ADRD. After application of our algorithm, the largest proportion of cases were nonspecific dementia (41.2%), followed by individuals with antidementia medication but no ADRD diagnosis (15.6%). Individuals with Alzheimer disease formed 10.2% of cases. Individuals with vascular dementia had the greatest burden of comorbid disease. Initial documentation of dementia occurred primarily in the office setting (35.1%). DISCUSSION Our algorithm identified 6 dementia subtypes and three additional categories representing unique diagnostic patterns in the data. Differences and similarities between groups provided support for the approach and offered unique insight into ADRD subtype characteristics.
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The gender- and age- dependent relationships between serum lipids and cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of Xi'an, China. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:4. [PMID: 30611281 PMCID: PMC6320576 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum lipids [total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG)] are risk factors for stroke, but the relationships between serum lipids and cognitive impairment have not been verified completely. In this study, we studied the relationships between serum lipids and cognitive impairment and explored whether gender and age had effects on the relationships. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we collected serum lipids and cognitive function information from 1762 participants (aged 40–85). Univariate analysis, multivariate analysis, and both gender- and age-based stratified multivariate analysis were used. Results In the entire sample set, there was no significant correlation between serum lipid parameters (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG) and cognitive impairment. In both gender- and age-based stratified multivariate analysis, high serum TC was positively associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly (> 55) male participants (OR = 4.404, 95% CI = 1.264–15.344, p = 0.02), and high serum LDL-C was positively correlated with cognitive impairment in the elderly female subjects (OR = 2.496, 95% CI = 1.057–5.896, p = 0.037), while high serum TG was negatively associated with cognitive impairment in the middle-aged (≤ 55) male participants (OR = 0.157, 95% CI = 0.051–0.484, p = 0.001). Conclusions The relationships between serum lipids and cognitive impairment are gender- and age- dependent, with high serum TC and LDL-C may be risk factors of cognitive impairment in the elderly male and female subjects respectively, while high serum TG may be protector of cognitive impairment in the middle-aged male participants.
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Tully PJ, Qchiqach S, Pereira E, Debette S, Mazoyer B, Tzourio C. Development and validation of a priori risk model for extensive white matter lesions in people age 65 years or older: the Dijon MRI study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e018328. [PMID: 29289936 PMCID: PMC5778304 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to develop and validate a risk model for the likelihood of extensive white matter lesions (extWML) to inform clinicians on whether to proceed with or forgo diagnostic MRI. DESIGN Population-based cohort study and multivariable prediction model. SETTING Two representative samples from France. PARTICIPANTS Persons aged 60-80 years without dementia or stroke. Derivation sample n=1714; validation sample n=789. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Volume of extWML (log cm3) was obtained from T2-weighted images in a 1.5 T scanner. 20 candidate risk factors for extWML were evaluated with the C-statistic. Secondary outcomes in validation included incident stroke over 12 years follow-up. RESULTS The multivariable prediction model included six clinical risk factors (C-statistic=0.61). A cut-off of 7 points on the multivariable prediction model yielded the optimum balance in sensitivity 63.7% and specificity 54.0% and the negative predictive value was high (81.8%), but the positive predictive value was low (31.5%). In further validation, incident stroke risk was associated with continuous scores on the multivariable prediction model (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04, P=0.02) and dichotomised scores from the multivariable prediction model (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.60, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS A simple clinical risk equation for WML constituted by six variables can inform decisions whether to proceed with or forgo brain MRI. The high-negative predictive value demonstrates potential to reduce unnecessary MRI in the population aged 60-80 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Tully
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah Qchiqach
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Edwige Pereira
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- UMR5293, Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Livingston G, Sommerlad A, Orgeta V, Costafreda SG, Huntley J, Ames D, Ballard C, Banerjee S, Burns A, Cohen-Mansfield J, Cooper C, Fox N, Gitlin LN, Howard R, Kales HC, Larson EB, Ritchie K, Rockwood K, Sampson EL, Samus Q, Schneider LS, Selbæk G, Teri L, Mukadam N. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. Lancet 2017; 390:2673-2734. [PMID: 28735855 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3512] [Impact Index Per Article: 501.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | | | - Vasiliki Orgeta
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sergi G Costafreda
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Huntley
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Kew, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sube Banerjee
- Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Alistair Burns
- Centre for Dementia Studies, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jiska Cohen-Mansfield
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Heczeg Institute on Aging, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Minerva Center for Interdisciplinary Study of End of Life, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Claudia Cooper
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nick Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Laura N Gitlin
- Center for Innovative Care in Aging, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Helen C Kales
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, Unit 1061, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Centre for the Health Care of Elderly People, Geriatric Medicine Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Elizabeth L Sampson
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Quincy Samus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bayview, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioural Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health, Vestfold Health Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Linda Teri
- Department Psychosocial and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naaheed Mukadam
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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Basambombo LL, Carmichael PH, Côté S, Laurin D. Use of Vitamin E and C Supplements for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline. Ann Pharmacother 2016; 51:118-124. [DOI: 10.1177/1060028016673072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are few studies of the association between the use of antioxidant vitamin supplements and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cognitive decline is generally viewed as part of the continuum between normal aging and AD. Objective: To evaluate whether the use of vitamin E and C supplements is associated with reduced risks of cognitive impairment, not dementia (CIND), AD, or all-cause dementia in a representative sample of older persons ≥65 years old. Methods: Data from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (1991-2002), a cohort study of dementia including 3 evaluation waves at 5-yearly intervals, were used. Exposure to vitamins E and C was self-reported at baseline in a risk factor questionnaire and/or in a clinical examination. Results: The data set included 5269 individuals. Compared with those not taking vitamin supplements, the age-, sex-, and education-adjusted hazard ratios of CIND, AD, and all-cause dementia were, respectively, 0.77 (95% CI = 0.60-0.98), 0.60 (95% CI = 0.42-0.86), and 0.62 (95% CI = 0.46-0.83) for those taking vitamin E and/or C supplements. Results remained significant in fully adjusted models except for CIND. Similar results were observed when vitamins were analyzed separately. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that the use of vitamin E and C supplements is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline. Further investigations are needed to determine their value as a primary prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luta Luse Basambombo
- Centre d’excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Hugues Carmichael
- Centre d’excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sharlène Côté
- Centre de santé et de services sociaux de Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Danielle Laurin
- Centre d’excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
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Behavioral and psychological symptoms and cognitive decline in patients with amnestic MCI and mild AD: a two-year follow-up study. Int Psychogeriatr 2015; 27:1379-89. [PMID: 25592615 DOI: 10.1017/s104161021400283x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been defined as a transitional state between normal aging and dementia. In many cases, MCI represents an early stage of developing cognitive impairment. Patients diagnosed with MCI do not meet the criteria for dementia as their general intellect and everyday activities are preserved, although minor changes in instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) may occur. However, they may exhibit significant behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms (BPS), also frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, we wondered to what extent specific BPS are associated with cognitive decline in participants with MCI or AD. METHODS Our sample consisted of 164 participants, including 46 patients with amnestic (single or multi-domain) MCI and 54 patients with AD, as well as 64 control participants without cognitive disorders. Global cognitive performance, BPS, and ADL were assessed using validated clinical methods at baseline and at two-year follow-up. RESULTS The BPS variability over the follow-up period was more pronounced in the MCI group than in patients with AD: some BPS improve, others occur newly or worsen, while others still remain unchanged. Moreover, specific changes in BPS were associated with a rapid deterioration of the global cognitive level in MCI patients. In particular, an increase of euphoria, eating disorders, and aberrant motor behavior, as well as worsened sleep quality, predicted a decline in cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm a higher variability of BPS over time in the MCI group than in AD patients. Moreover, our results provide evidence of associations between specific BPS and cognitive decline in the MCI group that might suggest a risk of conversion of individuals with amnestic MCI to AD.
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11
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Ho V, Zainal NH, Lim L, Ng A, Silva E, Kandiah N. Voluntary cognitive screening: characteristics of participants in an Asian setting. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:771-80. [PMID: 25945043 PMCID: PMC4408968 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s73563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia are reaching epidemic proportions in Asia. Lack of awareness and late presentation are major obstacles to early diagnosis and timely intervention. Cognitive screening may be an effective method for early detection of dementia in Asia. The purpose of this work was to study the characteristics of subjects volunteering for cognitive screening in an Asian setting and to determine the prevalence of MCI. METHODS Retrospective and cross-sectional data from community subjects attending a screening program from 2008 to 2013 were analyzed. Information on demographics, vascular risk factors, subjective symptoms, and cognitive measures were analyzed over the 6-year period. RESULTS Over the 6 years from 2008 to 2013, 1,243 community subjects voluntarily turned up for cognitive screening (91.2% were Chinese, 5.23% were Indian, 1.37% were Malay, and 2.25% were Eurasian). The mean age of the participants was 61.3 years and the mean number of years of education was 11.0 years. A total of 71.1% of participants were living in public housing, 59.8% had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, and 56.2% reported subjective cognitive symptoms. Over a period of 6 years, no significant change in demographic or clinical variables was noted. High cholesterol and hypertension were consistently the top two risk factors found in the population screened. In total, 17.2% of the total cohort had MCI. Across the 6 years, the proportion with MCI and depression was relatively constant. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of participants attending voluntary cognitive screening have MCI. Low level of education and presence of vascular risk factors are general predisposing characteristics for MCI, and there are more specific factors pertaining to sex and employment status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Ho
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nur Hani Zainal
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Linda Lim
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Aloysius Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Eveline Silva
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Nagaendran Kandiah
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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12
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Ancelin ML, Ripoche E, Dupuy AM, Samieri C, Rouaud O, Berr C, Carrière I, Ritchie K. Gender-specific associations between lipids and cognitive decline in the elderly. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:1056-66. [PMID: 24721317 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the associations between serum lipid levels and cognitive function in a community-based sample of non-demented subjects aged 65 years and over. Participants were 2737 men and 4118 women from a population-based cohort recruited from three French cities. Visual memory, verbal fluency, psychomotor speed, and executive abilities were evaluated at baseline, and after 2, 4, and 7 years of follow-up. Lipid levels were evaluated at baseline. Multiadjusted Cox models stratified by gender were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, mental and physical health, and genetic vulnerability to dyslipidemia (apolipoprotein E and A, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein) and taking into account baseline vascular pathologies. In men, a hypercholesterolemic pattern in late-life (high total cholesterol (T-C), low HDL-C, high LDL-C levels) was associated with a 25 to 50% increased risk of decline over 7 years in psychomotor speed, executive abilities, and verbal fluency. Specific associations with low T-C and low LDL-C levels were also observed which may depend on genetic vulnerability to dyslipidemia (related to apolipoprotein A5 and cholesteryl exchange transfer protein). In contrast, in women, a 30% higher rate of decline was found in psychomotor speed with high HDL-C levels and in executive abilities with low levels of LDL-C and triglycerides, in interaction with hormonal treatment. For men and women, vascular pathologies only slightly outweighed the risk related to lipids. This suggests a complex gender-specific pattern of cognitive decline involving genetic vulnerability in men and hormonal status in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, F-34093, France; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Ripoche
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, F-34093, France; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, F-34093, France; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France; CHRU Montpellier, Hop Lapeyronie, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- Univ Bordeaux, ISPED, U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France; Insem, U897, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Rouaud
- CHRU Dijon, Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche, Dijon, France
| | - Claudine Berr
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, F-34093, France; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Carrière
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, F-34093, France; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, F-34093, France; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
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Ryan J, Artero S, Carrière I, Scali J, Maller JJ, Meslin C, Ritchie K, Scarabin PY, Ancelin ML. Brain volumes in late life: gender, hormone treatment, and estrogen receptor variants. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:645-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Park M, Sung MR, Kim SK, Lee DY. Comparison of Demographic Characteristics, Comorbidity, and Health Habits of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Older Adults with Normal Cognitive Function. J Korean Acad Nurs 2014; 44:351-60. [DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2014.44.4.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myonghwa Park
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Ra Sung
- Department of Nursing, Yong-In Songdam College, Yong-In, Korea
| | - Sun Kyung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital · Seoul Metropolitan Center for Dementia, Seoul, Korea
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McClure RA, Chumbley CW, Reyzer ML, Wilson K, Caprioli RM, Gore JC, Pham W. Identification of promethazine as an amyloid-binding molecule using a fluorescence high-throughput assay and MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. Neuroimage Clin 2013; 2:620-9. [PMID: 24179813 PMCID: PMC3778261 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The identification of amyloid-binding compounds is a crucial step in the development of imaging probes and therapeutics for the detection and cure of Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, the process typically lags during the translation from in vitro to in vivo studies due to the impenetrable nature of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Here, we integrate fluorescence assay with MALDI imaging mass spectrometry to screen known compounds and repurpose their properties to enable the second function of binding to amyloid plaques. Through this approach, we identified an antihistamine compound, promethazine, that can bind to amyloid plaques. Finally, we demonstrate that promethazine is retained in the amyloid-burdened brain compared to a normal brain and that its distribution within the brain corroborates with that of amyloid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. McClure
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, 1161, 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, USA
| | - Chad W. Chumbley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Michelle L. Reyzer
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Kevin Wilson
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, 1161, 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, USA
| | - Richard M. Caprioli
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - John C. Gore
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, 1161, 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Wellington Pham
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, 1161, 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, USA
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Prediction of incident dementia: impact of impairment in instrumental activities of daily living and mild cognitive impairment-results from the German study on ageing, cognition, and dementia in primary care patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012; 20:943-54. [PMID: 22706332 DOI: 10.1097/jgp.0b013e31825c09bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is an increasing call for a stronger consideration of impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in the diagnostic criteria of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to improve the prediction of dementia. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine the predictive capability of MCI and IADL impairment for incident dementia. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study with four assessments at 1.5-year intervals over a period of 4.5 years. SETTING : Primary care medical record registry sample. PARTICIPANTS As part of the German Study on Ageing, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients, a sample of 3,327 patients from general practitioners, aged 75 years and older, was assessed. MEASUREMENTS The predictive capability of MCI and IADL impairment for incident dementia was analysed using receiver operating characteristics, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS MCI and IADL impairment were found to be significantly associated with higher conversion to, shorter time to, and better predictive power for future dementia. Regarding IADL, a significant impact was particularly found for impairment in responsibility for one's own medication, shopping, and housekeeping, and in the ability to use public transport. CONCLUSIONS Combining MCI with IADL impairment significantly improves the prediction of future dementia. Even though information on a set of risk factors is required to achieve a predictive accuracy for dementia in subjects with MCI being clinically useful, IADL impairment should be a very important element of such a risk factor set.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND With rapid aging, Singapore faces an increasing proportion of the population with age-related dementia. We used system dynamics methodology to estimate the number and proportion of people with mild, moderate, and severe dementia in future years and to examine the impact of changing family composition on their likely living arrangements. METHODS A system dynamics model was constructed to estimate resident population, drawing birth and mortality rates from census data. We simulate future mild, moderate, and severe dementia prevalence matched with estimates of total dementia prevalence for the Asian region that includes Singapore. Then, integrating a submodel in which family size trends were projected based on fertility rates with tendencies for dependent elderly adults with dementia to live with family members, we estimate likely living arrangements of the future population of individuals with dementia. RESULTS Though lower than other previous estimates, our simulation results indicate an increase in the number and proportion of people in Singapore with severe dementia. This and the concurrent decrease in family size point to an increasing number of individuals with dementia unlikely to live at home. CONCLUSIONS The momenta of demographic and illness trends portend a higher number of individuals with dementia less likely to be cared for at home by family members. Traditions of care for frail elderly found in the diverse cultures of Singapore will be increasingly difficult to sustain, and care options that accommodate these demographic shifts are urgently needed.
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Goldman JG, Weis H, Stebbins G, Bernard B, Goetz CG. Clinical differences among mild cognitive impairment subtypes in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012; 27:1129-36. [PMID: 22778009 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a construct in Parkinson's disease (PD) and occurs in about 25% of nondemented PD patients. Although executive dysfunction is the most frequent type of cognitive deficit in PD, the cognitive phenotype of PD mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) is broad. PD-MCI subtypes are represented by amnestic and nonamnestic domain impairment as well as single- and multiple-domain impairment. However, it is unclear whether patients with different PD-MCI subtypes also differ in other clinical characteristics in addition to cognitive profile. We studied 128 PD-MCI subjects at our Movement Disorders center, comparing clinical, motor, and behavioral characteristics across the PD-MCI subtypes. We found varying proportions of impairment subtypes: nonamnestic single domain, 47.7%; amnestic multiple domain, 24.2%; amnestic single domain, 18.8%; and nonamnestic multiple domain, 9.5%. Attentional/executive functioning and visuospatial abilities were the most frequently impaired domains. PD-MCI subtypes differed in their motor features, with nonamnestic multiple-domain PD-MCI subjects showing particularly pronounced problems with postural instability and gait. Differences among PD-MCI subtypes in age, PD duration, medication use, mood or behavioral disturbances, and vascular disease were not significant. Thus, in addition to differing cognitive profiles, PD-MCI subtypes differed in motor phenotype and severity but not in mood, behavioral, or vascular comorbidities. Greater postural instability and gait disturbances in the nonamnestic multiple-domain subtype emphasize shared nondopaminergic neural substrates of gait and cognition in PD. Furthermore, increased burden of cognitive dysfunction, rather than type of cognitive deficit, may be associated with greater motor impairment in PD-MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G Goldman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abstract
Cognitive decline has commonly been considered an inevitable result of brain aging and has been of clinical interest principally because of related difficulties with everyday functioning. Since the 1990s the “normality” of age-related cognitive decline has been called into question, being commonly attributed to a number of underlying disorders. Numerous concepts have been proposed which link subclinical cognitive change to pathological states (mild cognitive disorder, mild neurocognitive disorder, mild cognitive impairment). Of these, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has become the most popular, driven on the one hand by industrial interests seeking to extend new dementia treatments for a more prevalent subclinical syndrome, and on the other by researchers attempting to identify at-risk populations. MCI has been both criticized for “medicalizing” behavior still within normal limits (Stephan et al., 2008; Moreira et al., 2008) and welcomed in that it suggests cognitive decline with aging may not be inevitable, but rather due to abnormalities which could ultimately be treated. Recently, in both Europe (DuBois et al., 2007) and the USA (Albert et al., 2011), panels of experts have scrutinized the concept of MCI and more broadly the pre-dementia stages of neurodegenerative diseases and offered new research diagnostic criteria. These proposed criteria have highlighted the (potential) value of biomarkers in assisting diagnosis, although some have considered the elevation of biomarkers to this level of importance in diagnosing disease before dementia develops to be premature given both the extent and quality of diagnostic biomarker data currently available (McShane et al., 2011a; 2011b).
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