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Mohammadi F, Masoumi SZ, Khazaei S, Hosseiny SMM. Psychometrics assessment of ethical decision-making around end-of-life care scale for adolescents in the final stage of life. Front Pediatr 2024; 11:1266929. [PMID: 38318315 PMCID: PMC10839055 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1266929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthcare professionals have a critical role in ethical decision-making around end-of-life care. Properly evaluating the ethical decision-making of health care professionals in end-of-life care requires reliable, tailored, and comprehensive assessments. The current study aimed to translate and assess psychometrically a Persian version of the ethical decision making in end-of-life care scale for Iranian adolescents in the final stages of life. Methods The present study investigates the methodology and multicenter research. 310 healthcare professionals who treat/care for adolescents at the end of life were selected from 7 cities in Iran. The original version of the end-of-life care decision-making scale was translated into Persian using the forward-backward translation method, and its psychometric properties were evaluated using COSMIN criteria. Results Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the factor loadings of the items ranged from 0.68 to 0.89, all of which were statistically significant. Furthermore, three factors had eigenvalues greater than 1, accounting for 81.64% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a proper goodness of fit in the hypothesized factor structure. The internal consistency reliability of the tool was assessed in terms of its homogeneity, yielding a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.93. Conclusion The Persian version of the End-of-Life Care Decision-Making Scale demonstrates satisfactory validity and reliability among healthcare professionals working with adolescents in the final stages of life. Therefore, nursing managers can utilize this tool to measure and evaluate ethical decision-making in end-of-life care for adolescents in the final stages of life and identify the most appropriate strategies, including educational interventions, to improve ethical decision-making in end-of-life care if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Mohammadi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases(Home Care) Research Center and Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Department of Nursing, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Health Sciences Research Center, Health Sciences & Technology Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
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Needs of Family Members of Intensive Care Patients. Crit Care Nurs Q 2023; 46:176-184. [PMID: 36823744 DOI: 10.1097/cnq.0000000000000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the results of a research project designed to identify the needs of family members and others who are coping with hospitalization of loved one in the intensive care unit, thus alleviating stress. The health care provider's viewpoints were also considered. Study participants were 9 family members of intensive care unit patients and 24 health care providers working in intensive care units. Data were collected and analyzed from 24 individual interviews (average of 35 minutes per interview) and 1 focus group interview (1 hour). The findings revealed 2 basic needs: (1) reducing concerns and (2) being supported. The first need could be addressed by open visitation, access to information, assurance of quality of care, and empowerment via education and involvement. The second need could be met by emotional support, access to facilities, and postdischarge support. Health care providers and decision makers can use these results to respond to these needs and increase people's satisfaction of intensive care unit services.
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Javanmardnejad S, Bandari R, Heravi-Karimooi M, Rejeh N, Sharif Nia H, Montazeri A. Happiness, quality of working life, and job satisfaction among nurses working in emergency departments in Iran. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:112. [PMID: 33794917 PMCID: PMC8017644 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses have a vital role in the healthcare system. One of the basic steps to increase their happiness is to recognize factors such as job satisfaction and quality of working life. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between happiness and quality of working life and job satisfaction among nursing personnel. METHODS This descriptive study was carried out on 270 hospital nurses who worked in emergency departments in Iran. Nurses were recruited through the census method. Data collection instruments included the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI), the Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (QWL), and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ). Data were explored using descriptive statistics, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 30.1 ± 6.26 years. The mean happiness score was 38.5 ± 16.22, the mean Quality of Working Life (QWL) score was 84.3 ± 17.62, and the mean job satisfaction score was found to be 45.5 ± 13.57); corresponding to moderate levels of attributes. The results obtained from the ordinary least-square (OLS) regression indicated that happiness significantly was associated with economic status and satisfaction with closure (R2: 0.38). CONCLUSION Overall the current study found that nurses who work in emergency departments did not feel happy. Additionally, the findings suggest that their happiness were associated with their economic status, and closure over their duties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Razieh Bandari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majideh Heravi-Karimooi
- Elderly Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Rejeh
- Elderly Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharif Nia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Population Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Humanity Sciences, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Bolosi M, Peritogiannis V, Tzimas P, Margaritis A, Milios K, Rizos DV. Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Relatives of Intensive Care Unit Patients and the Perceived Need for Support. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019; 9:522-528. [PMID: 30271044 PMCID: PMC6126323 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_112_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Admission of a patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the recovery process may be stressful for family members. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the families’ psychological symptoms and their evolution over the 1st week of patients’ ICU stay. Additional objectives were the estimation of the families’ need for support and the estimation of satisfaction regarding the information provided by ICU physicians. Methods: A total of 108 individuals were participated in the study. Participants were interviewed with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and filled the Beck Depression Scale II on days 1 and 7 of patients’ ICU admission. They also filled a self-reported questionnaire which was created by the investigators, involving decision-making procedures; the satisfaction of the families of the patients’ care; and the support of the families by medical and nursing staff. Results: Anxiety levels were not significantly different among 2-time points, whereas rates of depressive symptoms raised significantly from 38% (day 1) to 58.3% (day 7). In cases of anxiety changes, age, education, closeness of relationship, and APACHE II score were the factors been associated. Changes in depressive symptoms were not associated with any of those factors. Over a week, there were significant differences in relatives’ views on participating in the decision-making procedure, and on expressing their opinion and concerns regarding the treatment process. Their attitudes about receiving support by the ICU personnel and even by mental health specialists, such as psychologists also changed. Conclusions: Over the 1st week of ICU admission, depressive symptoms in patients’ relatives were gradually evolving, while anxiety symptoms fluctuated and they were affected by the severity of the patients’ condition. Attitudes toward treatment procedures and the perceived need for support also changed. These findings should be taken into account by the ICU personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bolosi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vaios Peritogiannis
- Mobile Mental Health Unit of the Prefectures of Ioannina and Thesprotia, Society for the Promotion of Mental Health in Epirus, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Petros Tzimas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitrios V Rizos
- Intensive Care Unit, "G. Hatzikosta" General Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
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Redley B, Phiri LM, Heyns T, Wang W, Han C. Family needs during critical illness in the Emergency Department: A retrospective factor analysis of data from three countries. J Clin Nurs 2019; 28:2813-2823. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Redley
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research – Monash Health Partnership, School of Nursing and Midwifery Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Lesego M. Phiri
- Department of Nursing Science University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Tanya Heyns
- Department of Nursing Science Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Ga‐Rankuwa South Africa
| | - Wei Wang
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Frankston Victoria Australia
- Peninsula Health Frankston Victoria Australia
| | - Chin‐Yen Han
- Department of Nursing Chang Gung University of Science and Technology and Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan City Taiwan, Republic of China
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Nikkhah M, Heravi-Karimooi M, Montazeri A, Rejeh N, Sharif Nia H. Psychometric properties the Iranian version of Older People's Quality Of Life questionnaire (OPQOL). Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16:174. [PMID: 30185194 PMCID: PMC6126014 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-1002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing quality of life (QOL) in elderly needs specific instruments. The Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL-35) is one of the common tools that used for measuring quality of life in elderly populations. The questionnaires contains 35 items tapping into eight domains including life overall, health, social relationships and participation, independence, control over life and freedom, home and neighborhood, psychological and emotional well-being, financial circumstances, culture and religion. This study aimed to translate and validate the OPQOL-35 in Iran. METHODS Forward-backward procedure was applied to translate the original questionnaire from English into Persian. Then following qualitative face and content validity, a sample of elderly people completed the questionnaire. In order to evaluate the construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses was performed. Subsequently, convergent and divergent validity of the factors were evaluated. Reliability was evaluated by performing internal consistency analysis and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). RESULTS In all 500 older people completed the questionnaire. The mean age of participant was 68.92 (SD = 6.97) years, and mostly were males (66.6%). The result of exploratory factor analysis showed 8 factors with Eigen values of greater than one, which explained 67.4% of the variance observed. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit indexes for the data [Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.92, Minimum Discrepancy Function by Degrees of Freedom divided (CMIN/DF) = 2.832, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.067]. The convergent and divergent validity did not support three latent factors (Life overall, Independence, control over life, freedom and Psychological and emotional well-being). Convergent and divergent validity shown that construct fulfilled for the health, social relationships and participation, home and neighborhood, financial circumstances, culture and religion latent factors, however the results did not support the convergent and divergent validity for three latent factors (Life overall, Independence, control over life, freedom and Psychological and emotional well-being). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the subscales ranged from 0.65-0.95. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with two weeks interval were ranged from 0.88-0.95 indicating a good range of reliability. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the Iranian version of OPQOL-35 is a valid measure for assessing quality of life in elderly populations in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nikkhah
- Shahed University, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majideh Heravi-Karimooi
- Elderly Care Research Center, Shahed University, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Opposite Holy Shrine of Imam Khomeini-Khalij Fars Expressway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Population Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Rejeh
- Elderly Care Research Center, Shahed University, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Opposite Holy Shrine of Imam Khomeini-Khalij Fars Expressway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharif Nia
- Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Rojas Silva N, Padilla Fortunatti C, Molina Muñoz Y, Amthauer Rojas M. The needs of the relatives in the adult intensive care unit: Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chilean-Spanish version of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2017; 43:123-128. [PMID: 28917604 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The admission of a patient to an intensive care unit is an extraordinary event for their family. Although the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory is the most commonly used questionnaire for understanding the needs of relatives of critically ill patients, no Spanish-language version is available. The aim of this study was to culturally adapt and validate theCritical Care Family Needs Inventory in a sample of Chilean relatives of intensive care patients. METHODS The back-translated version of the inventory was culturally adapted following input from 12 intensive care and family experts. Then, it was evaluated by 10 relatives of recently transferred ICU patients and pre-tested in 10 relatives of patients that were in the intensive care unit. Psychometric properties were assessed through exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's α in a sample of 251 relatives of critically ill patients. RESULTS The Chilean-Spanish version of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventoryhad minimal semantic modifications and no items were deleted. A two factor solution explained the 31% of the total instrument variance. Reliability of the scale was good (α=0.93), as were both factors (α=0.87; α=0.93). CONCLUSION The Chilean-Spanish version of theCritical Care Family Needs Inventory was found valid and reliable for understanding the needs of relatives of patients in acute care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Rojas Silva
- School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cristobal Padilla Fortunatti
- School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Unidad de Paciente Critico, Hospital Clinico UC CHRISTUS, Santiago, Chile
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Koulouras V, Konstanti Z, Lepida D, Papathanakos G, Gouva M. Shame feeling in the Intensive Care Unit patient's family members. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2017; 41:84-89. [PMID: 28433239 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the levels of internal and external shame among family members of critically ill patients. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY/ DESIGN This prospective study was conducted in 2012/2013 on family members of Intensive Care Unit patients using the Others As Shamer Scale and the Experiential Shame Scale questionnaires. SETTING Greek university hospital. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-three family members mean-aged (41.5±11.9) were studied, corresponding to 147 ICU patients. Out of these 223, 81 (36.3%) were men and 142 (63.7%) were women, while 79 (35.4%) lived with the patient. Family members who lived with the patient experienced higher internal and external shame compared to those who did not live with the patient (p=0.046 and p=0.028 respectively). Elementary and Junior High School graduates scored significantly higher than the other grades graduates in total Others As Shamer Scale, inferiority and emptiness scale (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Intensive Care Unit patients' family members are prone to shame feelings, especially when being of low educational level. Health professionals have to take into consideration the possible implications for the patients and their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Koulouras
- University Hospital of Ioannina, Intensive Care Unit, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Zoe Konstanti
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Higher Technological Educational Institution of Epirus, 4500 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Lepida
- University Hospital of Ioannina, Intensive Care Unit, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
| | | | - Mary Gouva
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families and Health Professionals, Higher Technological Educational Institution of Epirus, 4500 Ioannina, Greece.
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Peyrovi H, Nikbakht Nasrabadi A, Valiee S. Exploration of the barriers of reporting nursing errors in intensive care units: A qualitative study. J Intensive Care Soc 2016; 17:215-221. [PMID: 28979494 DOI: 10.1177/1751143716638370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore the barriers to reporting nursing errors in intensive care units in Iranian hospitals. METHODS A descriptive qualitative analysis design was used. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 16 nurses working in four general intensive care units in Kurdistan province, Iran. Interviews were transcribed and finally analysed through conventional content analysis. RESULTS There are four major barriers to the reporting of errors by nurses working in Iranian critical care units: (a) saving professional reputation and preventing stigma; (b) fear of consequences - punishment, legal problems and organisational misconduct; (c) feelings of insecurity - pointing a finger at nurses and lack of managerial support and (d) not investigating the root cause of error. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed the need to support and provide security to nurses and to consider and find the cause of error occurrence. Managers must provide the required personal, professional and legal support for nurses to encourage them to effectively report errors, discover the root cause of errors and take measures to prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Peyrovi
- Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sina Valiee
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identification of areas that family members consider important and in which they need help and support is one of the main goals of palliative care. Our research aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a Czech version of the Family Inventory of Needs (FIN). METHOD The group comprised 272 family members of terminally ill cancer patients at the University Hospital in Ostrava. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability, and correlation of both scales and items within the scales (item-total correlation). To verify construct validity, exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis with a varimax rotation were utilized. RESULTS Using exploratory factor analysis, the following four factors (domains) were extracted: basic information, information on treatment and care, support, and comfort of the patient. Cronbach's α for the entire questionnaire was 0.924 on the importance scale and 0.912 for the satisfaction scale; for all domains, a value of α greater than 0.7 was ascertained. Test-retest reliability was also higher than 0.7 for all domains. On the satisfaction scale, a moderate correlation was confirmed between unmet needs in the domains basic information, support, and comfort of the patient, and the total score, and in selected quality-of-life domains. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS The results of tests on the psychometric properties of the FIN questionnaire demonstrated at least satisfactory validity and reliability, and confirmed that it can be employed to assess the needs of palliative care patients in the Czech Republic.
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Büyükçoban S, Çiçeklioğlu M, Demiral Yılmaz N, Civaner MM. Adaptation of the Critical Care Family Need Inventory to the Turkish population and its psychometric properties. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1208. [PMID: 26357593 PMCID: PMC4563234 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the complex environment of intensive care units, needs of patients’ relatives might be seen as the lowest priority. On the other hand, because of their patients’ critical and often uncertain conditions, stress levels of relatives are quite high. This study aims to adapt the Critical Care Family Need Inventory, which assesses the needs of patients’ relatives, for use with the Turkish-speaking population and to assess psychometric properties of the resulting inventory. The study was conducted in a state hospital with the participation of 191 critical care patient relatives. Content validity was assessed by expert opinions, and construct validity was examined by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to determine internal consistency. The translated inventory has a content validity ratio higher than the minimum acceptable level. Its construct validity was established by the EFA. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the entire scale was 0.93 and higher than 0.80 for subscales, thus demonstrating the translated version’s reliability. The Turkish adaptation appropriately reflects all dimensions of needs in the original CCFNI, and its psychometric properties were acceptable. The revised tool could be useful for helping critical care healthcare workers provide services in a holistic approach and for policymakers to improve quality of service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Büyükçoban
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Nazilli State Hospital , Nazilli, Aydin , Turkey
| | - Meltem Çiçeklioğlu
- Department of Public Health, Ege University School of Medicine , Bornova, Izmir , Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Demiral Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Education, Ege University School of Medicine , Bornova, Izmir , Turkey
| | - M Murat Civaner
- Department of Medical Ethics, Uludag University School of Medicine , Gorukle, Bursa , Turkey
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Bandari R, Heravi-Karimooi M, Rejeh N, Mirmohammadkhani M, Vaismoradi M, Snelgrove S. Information and support needs of adult family members of patients in intensive care units: an Iranian perspective. J Res Nurs 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1744987115591868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nurses are required to be knowledgeable about the needs of family members of patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit. The identification of the importance and priority of family members’ needs enables nurses to provide appropriate information and support for family members. The aim of this study was to describe the needs of family members of patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit. A descriptive cross-sectional study using survey methods was conducted. Family members of patients hospitalised for 24–72 hours in the intensive care units of 27 public and teaching hospitals in an urban area of Iran were chosen using the random sampling method. The 45-item Persian version of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory was used to collect numerical data. Four hundred and fifty family members participated. The mean score for each of the 45 items ranged from 2.45 to 3.72. Ten items were rated by responders as very important, with 93.13% of the sample rating ‘Giving an honest answer to questions’ as having the highest level of importance. ‘To have the pastor visit’ was reported to be the least important need. Age, family relations, marital status and level of education related to the importance level of some of the perceived needs. It is concluded that the most important needs consist of five items relating to the ‘assurance dimension’, while the least important ones are related to the ‘support dimension’. The incorporation of the needs of family members into the nursing education programme is suggested. The findings will help with the preparation of nurses, as future healthcare policy makers, to plan for meeting these needs and will reduce the psychological burden on family members of patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Bandari
- PhD Student in Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Iran
| | - Majideh Heravi-Karimooi
- Associate Professor, Elderly Care Research Centre, Shahed University, Department of Nursing, Iran
| | - Nahid Rejeh
- Associate Professor, Elderly Care Research Centre, Shahed University, Department of Nursing, Iran
| | - Majid Mirmohammadkhani
- Assistant Professor, Research Centre for Social Determinants of Health, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Vaismoradi
- Researcher, Faculty of Professional Studies, University of Nordland, Norway
| | - Sherrill Snelgrove
- Senior Lecturer, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, UK
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