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Pinto CT, Guedes L, Pinto S, Nunes R. Spiritual intelligence: a scoping review on the gateway to mental health. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2362310. [PMID: 38904186 PMCID: PMC11195480 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2362310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Spiritual Intelligence (SI) is an independent concept from spirituality, a unifying and integrative intelligence that can be trained and developed, allowing people to make use of spirituality to enhance daily interaction and problem solving in a sort of spirituality into action. To comprehensively map and analyze current knowledge on SI and understand its impact on mental health and human interactions, we conducted a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, searching for 'spiritual intelligence' across PubMedCentral, Scopus, WebOfScience, and PsycInfo. Quantitative studies using validated SI instruments and reproducible methodologies, published up to 1 January 2022, were included. Selected references were independently assessed by two reviewers, with any disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Data were extracted using a data extraction tool previously developed and piloted. From this search, a total of 69 manuscripts from 67 studies were included. Most studies (n = 48) were conducted in educational (n = 29) and healthcare (n = 19) settings, with the Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory (SISRI-24) emerging as the predominant instrument for assessing SI (n = 39). Analysis revealed several notable correlations with SI: resilience (n = 7), general, mental, and spiritual health (n = 6), emotional intelligence (n = 5), and favorable social behaviors and communication strategies (n = 5). Conversely, negative correlations were observed with burnout and stress (n = 5), as well as depression and anxiety (n = 5). These findings prompt a discussion regarding the integration of the SI concept into a revised definition of health by the World Health Organization and underscore the significance of SI training as a preventative health measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Teixeira Pinto
- Bioethics Department, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar de Entre Douro e Vouga, Intrahospital Palliative Care Team, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Guedes
- Centro Hospitalar de Entre Douro e Vouga, Intrahospital Palliative Care Team, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Sara Pinto
- Nursing School of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- NursID, CINTESIS@RISE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Nunes
- Bioethics Department, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Anjum S, Mishra G, Kankane N, Khetan J, Mahajan N, Patel A, Chhabra KG. Link between individual resilience and aggressiveness in dental students and the mediating effect of spirituality: A path analysis. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 13:10. [PMID: 38525214 PMCID: PMC10959263 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_709_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of spirituality in people's lives, particularly the lives of health professionals, as well as its impact on mental health issues like anger and aggressiveness and resilience, are particularly significant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the link between the propensity for violence and personal resilience in dental students by taking into account the function of spirituality as a mediator. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey, 211 volunteer dentistry students participated from a government institute in Jammu and Kashmir, India using a stratified sample procedure. The Spiritual Orientation Scale, Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to gather the data. SPSS version 20.0 was used for conducting a bivariate analysis to ascertain the directionality connection between the research variables. In addition; structural equation modelling analysis was conducted by Smart PLS. RESULTS According to the findings, resilience and spirituality have a substantial and positive link (r = 0.468 r = 0.023). Aggressiveness and resilience revealed a statistically significant inverse link (r = 0.325, P = 0.04), but aggression and spirituality had no significant correlation. Spirituality played a substantial mediation influence in the indirect pathway of violence on resilience (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION According to the study's findings, spirituality can help pupils become more resilient as individuals and can act as a helpful intermediary between aggressiveness and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Anjum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Indira Gandhi Government College and Hospital, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gaurav Mishra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nishita Kankane
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Khetan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge and Implantology, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Namrata Mahajan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge and Implantology, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aditi Patel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge and Implantology, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kumar G. Chhabra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Research and Developmental Cell, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Sharifnia AM, Fernandez R, Green H, Alananzeh I. Spiritual intelligence and professional nursing practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES ADVANCES 2022; 4:100096. [PMID: 38745612 PMCID: PMC11080324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2022.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The concept of spiritual intelligence was developed in 1997 based on philosophical theories and neurological evidence and introduced as the ultimate intelligence. Spiritual intelligence has been considered as one of the skills required by professionals and has recently gained traction within nursing practice. Understanding the role of spiritual intelligence and its association with professional nursing practice is crucial to creating knowledge in this area of inquiry. Objective To identify the best available evidence of the spiritual intelligence level and its correlation with professional practice among nurses. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were reported according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. The protocol for this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO with the identification CRD42021254881. Data Sources Ten electronic English and Persian databases [Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Magiran, SID, IranDoc] were searched to identify eligible studies, published in the English and Persian languages from January 2000 to May 2020. Review Methods A systematized search strategy was used to include eligible published and unpublished observational studies that examined the spiritual intelligence level and its correlation with professional practice among nurses. Screening, quality assessments, data extractions, and analysis were undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and carried out by two independent reviewers. Results Thirty-five studies, with a total of 7301 nurses, were included. The mean score for spiritual intelligence in 29 studies and 5853 nurses was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.57-0.69, I2 = 99.97%). The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory was the most frequently used instrument to measure spiritual intelligence. Most of the professional nursing outcomes represented a positive association with nurses' spiritual intelligence. The pooled positive correlation coefficients between spiritual intelligence and a professional nursing practice components including the art of nursing, competence, attributes of practice and, personal commitment were 0.34 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.43, I2 = 63.4%, 5 studies), 0.42 (95% CI: 0.25,0.56, I 2 = 62.2%, 2 studies), 0.32 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.50, I 2 = 92.2%, 5 studies) and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.49, I 2 = 74.3%, 8 studies) respectively. Conclusions The findings of this systematic review indicated a relatively high level of spiritual intelligence among nurses that was moderately associated with professional nursing practice. implementing strategies to promote spiritual intelligence levels among nurses is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritin Fernandez
- Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Evidence-Based Initiatives in Health Care: a Joanna Briggs Centre of Excellence, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Heidi Green
- Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Evidence-Based Initiatives in Health Care: a Joanna Briggs Centre of Excellence, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Alananzeh
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Health, UOWD Building, Dubai Knowledge Park, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Niu Y, McSherry W, Partridge M. Exploring the Meaning of Spirituality and Spiritual Care in Chinese Contexts: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:2643-2662. [PMID: 33624216 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spirituality is recognised as a fundamental aspect of health and nursing care. Yet, there are few studies exploring how this concept may be understood outside of Western culture. This scoping review seeks to address this omission by focusing specifically on research conducted with Chinese populations. This is important because people from Chinese backgrounds (PBC) are now residing all over the world, and their spirituality and spiritual needs should be considered when providing healthcare. Adopting a purely generalist understanding and application of spirituality may not capture the cultural difference that exists between the East and West. This scoping review adopted Arksey and O'Malley's method to focus on spirituality and spiritual care among PBC in health and nursing. The systematic strategy was adopted and used to search the main databases in health and nursing. Eighteen (n = 18) empirical studies were included in the review: 11 qualitative studies and seven quantitative involving 1870 participants. The scoping review revealed that in the Chinese understanding of spirituality is an abstract and personal concept which can refer to an internal vital force, experiences of suffering, and traditional Chinese cultural and religious values. As the multidimensional understanding of spirituality and spiritual care may cause confusion, these findings may provide a direction for the researchers emphasising the need for cultural and religious sensitivity when understanding of spirituality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Niu
- Department of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, No.161 Jiefang Dong Street, Changzhi City, 046000, Shanxi Province, China.
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Social Care, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
| | - Wilfred McSherry
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Social Care, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
- University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
- VID University College, Berge/Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Partridge
- Department of Social Care, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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Spiritual Health as Experienced by Muslim Adults in Iran: A Qualitative Content Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/semj.88715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sadat Hoseini AS, Razaghi N, Khosro Panah AH, Dehghan Nayeri N. A Concept Analysis of Spiritual Health. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2019; 58:1025-1046. [PMID: 29134438 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spiritual health is an important dimension of health and forms part of a comprehensive care. This study was conducted to redefine and clarify the components of spiritual health based on different worldviews through Walker and Avant's concept analysis method. Being given a life and a soul and having beliefs are the antecedents of spiritual health. The attributes of this concept include a morality-oriented intellectual connectedness with the self, others, and the universe guided by a connection with the Transcendent and Superior being in order to create meaning in life and find its purpose in the context of culture and religion; transcendence is ultimately the consequence of spiritual heath. Using the attributes appeared in this conceptual analysis, nurses can evaluate the spiritual health of their clients and help them create positive outcome by providing appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Sadat Sadat Hoseini
- Pediatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Razaghi
- Pediatric Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nosrat St, Tohid Sq, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Nahid Dehghan Nayeri
- Nursing Management Department, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Imani B, Kermanshahi SMK, Vanaki Z, Kazemnejad Lili A. Hospital nurses’ lived experiences of intelligent resilience: A phenomenological study. J Clin Nurs 2018; 27:2031-2040. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Imani
- Department of Nursing; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Vanaki
- Department of Nursing; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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Vizehfar F, Jaberi A. The Relationship Between Religious Beliefs and Quality of Life Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 58:1537-1560. [PMID: 28502024 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), are prone to emotional distresses and reduction in life quality more than others. This study aimed to assess the relationship between religious beliefs and quality of life among patients with MS. In this study, 145 MS patients completed 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) questionnaires. The results indicated that unorganized religious activities were significantly associated with marital status and education level. Besides, internal religion was positively correlated to mental health. However, religious variables were not effective prognostic factors in physical and mental quality of life. Overall, further studies have to be conducted to determine the role of religion in quality of life of MS patients with different religious backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vizehfar
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azita Jaberi
- Department of Nursing, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Wu LF, Koo M, Tseng HC, Liao YC, Chen YM. Concordance between nurses' perception of their ability to provide spiritual care and the identified spiritual needs of hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional observational study. Nurs Health Sci 2015; 17:426-33. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Wu
- Department of Nursing; National Taichung University of Science and Technology; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Malcolm Koo
- Department of Medical Research; Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation; Dalin Taiwan
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hui-Chen Tseng
- College of Nursing; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Yu-Chen Liao
- Department of Nursing; Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- School of Nursing; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
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Nouhi E, Nakhaee N, Rahimi N. Spiritual Intelligence and Attitude towards Spirituality and Spiritual Care in Nursing and Midwifery Students. IRAN JOURNAL OF NURSING 2014. [DOI: 10.29252/ijn.27.90.91.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kaur D, Sambasivan M, Kumar N. Effect of spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, psychological ownership and burnout on caring behaviour of nurses: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2014; 22:3192-202. [PMID: 24118522 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To propose a model of prediction of caring behaviour among nurses that includes spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, psychological ownership and burnout. BACKGROUND Caring behaviour of nurses contributes to the patients' satisfaction, well-being and subsequently to the performance of the healthcare organisations. This behaviour is influenced by physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental and spiritual factors. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was used, and data were analysed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling. METHODS Data were collected between July-August 2011. A sample of 550 nurses in practice from seven public hospitals in and around Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) completed the questionnaire that captured five constructs. Besides nurses, 348 patients from seven hospitals participated in the study and recorded their overall satisfaction with the hospital and the services provided by the nurses. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). RESULTS The key findings are: (1) spiritual intelligence influences emotional intelligence and psychological ownership, (2) emotional intelligence influences psychological ownership, burnout and caring behaviour of nurses, (3) psychological ownership influences burnout and caring behaviour of nurses, (4) burnout influences caring behaviour of nurses, (5) psychological ownership mediates the relationship between spiritual intelligence and caring behaviour and between emotional intelligence and caring behaviour of nurses and (6) burnout mediates the relationship between spiritual intelligence and caring behaviour and between psychological ownership and caring behaviour of nurses. CONCLUSIONS Identifying the factors that affect caring behaviour of nurses is critical to improving the quality of patient care. Spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, psychological ownership and burnout of nurses play a significant role in effecting caring behaviour of nurses. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Healthcare providers must consider the relationships between these factors in their continuing care and incorporation of these in the nursing curricula and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devinder Kaur
- Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation (A.P.U), Bukit Jalil, Malaysia
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Cockell N, Mcsherry W. Spiritual care in nursing: an overview of published international research. J Nurs Manag 2012; 20:958-69. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nell Cockell
- Department of Spiritual and Pastoral Care; South Warwickshire Foundation Trust; Warwickshire; UK
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Burkhart L, Schmidt L, Hogan N. Development and psychometric testing of the Spiritual Care Inventory instrument. J Adv Nurs 2011; 67:2463-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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