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LaMontagne AD, Åberg M, Blomqvist S, Glozier N, Greiner BA, Gullestrup J, Harvey SB, Kyron MJ, Madsen IEH, Hanson LM, Maheen H, Mustard C, Niedhammer I, Rugulies R, Smith PM, Taouk Y, Waters S, Witt K, King TL. Work-related suicide: Evolving understandings of etiology & intervention. Am J Ind Med 2024. [PMID: 38853462 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Previously published analyses of suicide case investigations suggest that work or working conditions contribute to 10%-13% of suicide deaths. Yet, the way in which work may increase suicide risk is an underdeveloped area of epidemiologic research. In this Commentary, we propose a definition of work-related suicide from an occupational health and safety perspective, and review the case investigation-based and epidemiologic evidence on work-related causes of suicide. We identified six broad categories of potential work-related causes of suicide, which are: (1) workplace chemical, physical, and psychosocial exposures; (2) exposure to trauma on the job; (3) access to means of suicide through work; (4) exposure to high-stigma work environments; (5) exposure to normative environments promoting extreme orientation to work; and (6) adverse experiences arising from work-related injury or illness. We summarise current evidence in a schema of potential work-related causes that can also be applied in workplace risk assessment and suicide case investigations. There are numerous implications of these findings for policy and practice. Various principle- and evidence-based workplace intervention strategies for suicide prevention exist, some of which have been shown to improve suicide-prevention literacy, reduce stigma, enhance helping behaviours, and in some instances maybe even reduce suicide rates. Prevailing practice in workplace suicide prevention, however, overly emphasises individual- and illness-directed interventions, with little attention directed to addressing the working conditions that may increase suicide risk. We conclude that a stronger emphasis on improving working conditions will be required for workplace suicide prevention to reach its full preventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D LaMontagne
- Institute for Health Transformation & School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Åberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Blomqvist
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nick Glozier
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jorgen Gullestrup
- Institute for Health Transformation & School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel B Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J Kyron
- Suicide Prevention and Resilience Research Center (SPARRC), School of Psychological Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Magnusson Hanson
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Humaira Maheen
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Isabelle Niedhammer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Univ Angers, Angers, France
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter M Smith
- Instutute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yamna Taouk
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Waters
- School of Languages, Cultures and Societies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Katrina Witt
- Orygen Centre for Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tania L King
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wu H, Li K, Wang Y, Huang R, Jin X, Li X, Wang H, Li B. Suicide and suicidality in people exposed to pesticides: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121542. [PMID: 37011781 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides has been proposed to be a positive association in suicide and suicidality. Many studies have explored this topic, but have reported inconsistent findings. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the now existing evidence on the association between pesticide exposure and the risk of suicide and suicidality. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases for studies published up to February 1, 2023. For studies that provided detailed data, we applied quantitative meta-analysis to calculate Odds ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) to evaluate the results. Heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test, I2 statistic and tau-squared (τ2). Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots, Egger's test, and Begg's test. In addition, subgroup analyses according to pesticides category and geographical area were performed. 2906 studies were initially identified, and 20 studies were eventually included. Fifteen of the studies were on suicide deaths and suicide attempts, and five were on suicidal ideation. Pesticide exposure was positively related to suicide deaths and suicide attempts (pooled OR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.04-1.64, p < 0.001) and suicidal ideation (pooled OR = 2.43; 95%CI: 1.51-3.91, p = 0.015). In the subgroup analysis, mixed pesticide type (pooled OR = 1.55; 95%CI: 1.39-1.74) increased the risk of suicide deaths and suicide attempts. The results of the analysis by geographic area showed that the risk of suicide deaths and suicide attempts with pesticide exposure was 2.27 (95%CI = 1.36-3.78), and 1.33 (95%CI = 1.14-1.56) in Asia and Europe, respectively. The risk of suicidal ideation caused by pesticide exposure in Asia and America were 2.19 (95%CI = 1.08-4.42) and 2.99 (95%CI = 1.76-5.06). In conclusion, pesticide exposure may increase the risk of suicide and suicidality based on the current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaidi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yiyu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ronggui Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianbao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Baozhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Zanchi MM, Marins K, Zamoner A. Could pesticide exposure be implicated in the high incidence rates of depression, anxiety and suicide in farmers? A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121888. [PMID: 37244531 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure and poisoning may rise the risk of mental health problems and suicidal tendencies. To explore the potential connection between chronic occupational exposure to pesticides and depression, anxiety, and suicide-related outcomes in farmers, a systematic review was performed. Systematic review protocol is available in PROSPERO registration number CRD42022316285. A total of fifty-seven studies met inclusion criteria: twenty-nine on depression or other mental disorders, twelve on suicide (two of them on both depression and suicide), and fourteen on pesticide poisoning or self-poisoning and death. Among the fifty-seven selected studies, eighteen were conducted in Asia, seventeen in North America, fourteen in South America, seven in European Union, one in Africa, and one in Australia/Oceania. Selected studies demonstrated an increased prevalence of depressive disorders in farmworkers exposed to pesticides as well as an increased self-reported prevalence of depression in this population. Moreover, previous pesticide poisoning increased the risk estimates for depression or other mental disorders as compared with chronic pesticide exposure. Severe pesticide poisoning and multiple poisoning showed increased risks of depressive symptoms compared with milder cases. In addition, financial difficulties and poor health were positively correlated with depression. Among studies on suicide, nine of them found that suicide rates increased in areas devoted to agriculture with intensive pesticide consumption. Moreover, studies demonstrate a higher suicide risk among farmers. The present review suggests more attention to the farmer's mental health and more detailed studies on occupational exposure to the mixture of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Magalhães Zanchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Graduate Course, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Katiuska Marins
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Graduate Course, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Graduate Course, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Panis C, Kawassaki ACB, Crestani APJ, Pascotto CR, Bortoloti DS, Vicentini GE, Lucio LC, Ferreira MO, Prates RTC, Vieira VK, Gaboardi SC, Candiotto LZP. Evidence on Human Exposure to Pesticides and the Occurrence of Health Hazards in the Brazilian Population: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2022; 9:787438. [PMID: 35071167 PMCID: PMC8777228 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.787438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is among the biggest pesticide consumers in the world, with its population severely exposed to tons of such substances, both because of environmental contamination and occupational use. The health consequences of pesticide exposure are well-documented, but still sparse regarding Brazilian population. This study systematically reviewed the Brazilian studies published that address the relationship between exposure to pesticides and health problems in the Brazilian population. Also, information about pesticide use in Brazil is provided. The included studies showed that exposure to pesticides has a relevant impact on the health of the Brazilian population, regardless of age and gender, and on workers in rural areas or not. Most poisoning events seem to result from the continuous use of pesticides, whether occupationally or environmentally, characterizing a public health problem. The major consequences reported in literature were damage to the central nervous system, cancer, deleterious effects on rural workers' health, intoxications, malformations, and endocrine changes. These findings point out the need to understand the impact of chronic exposure to pesticides on severely exposed people and highlight the importance of creating public policies to protect them and avoid disease occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Panis
- Grupo de Estudos Avançados em Ciências da Saúde (GEACS), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Aedra Carla Bufalo Kawassaki
- Grupo de Estudos Avançados em Ciências da Saúde (GEACS), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Jaqueline Crestani
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Claudiceia Risso Pascotto
- Grupo de Estudos Avançados em Ciências da Saúde (GEACS), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Durcelina Schiavoni Bortoloti
- Grupo de Estudos Avançados em Ciências da Saúde (GEACS), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Emílio Vicentini
- Grupo de Estudos Avançados em Ciências da Saúde (GEACS), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Léia Carolina Lucio
- Grupo de Estudos Avançados em Ciências da Saúde (GEACS), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Mariane Okamoto Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Rosebel Trindade Cunha Prates
- Grupo de Estudos Avançados em Ciências da Saúde (GEACS), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Kulig Vieira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Shaiane Carla Gaboardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Luciano Zanetti Pessoa Candiotto
- Grupo de Estudos Avançados em Ciências da Saúde (GEACS), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
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Losch EL, Zanatta CB, Barros GPD, Gaia MCDM, Bricarello PA. Os agrotóxicos no contexto da Saúde Única. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-11042022e229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A industrialização da agricultura e da pecuária, além de gerar um ambiente propício à disseminação de agentes infecciosos, é responsável pelo uso generalizado de diversas substâncias tóxicas que afetam a saúde humana, animal e ambiental. O objetivo deste estudo foi promover a reflexão sobre o uso de agrotóxicos e medicamentos veterinários como elementos de debate na construção da Saúde Única. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão exploratória literária de artigos, livros e documentos oficiais disponíveis em plataformas de banco de dados. A discussão inclui as problemáticas do uso de substâncias tóxicas em plantas e animais. Aborda, também, como os resíduos oriundos de sua utilização impactam a qualidade de alimentos, ar, solo, água com consequências à saúde humana. Embora essa discussão seja escassa na temática de Saúde Única, é fundamental que, além da participação da sociedade civil organizada, gestores públicos assegurem, por meio de políticas públicas, maior segurança e controle na utilização de substâncias tóxicas na agricultura e na pecuária.
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McDonald K, Machado DB, Castro-de-Araujo LFS, Kiss L, Palfreyman A, Barreto ML, Devakumar D, Lewis G. Trends in method-specific suicide in Brazil from 2000 to 2017. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1779-1790. [PMID: 33782727 PMCID: PMC8429168 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding long-term patterns of suicide methods can inform public health policy and prevention strategies. In Brazil, firearm-related policies may be one salient target for suicide prevention. This study describes trends in method-specific suicide at the national and state-levels in Brazil, with a particular focus on firearm-related suicides. METHODS Brazilian mortality data for suicide and undetermined intent among people aged 10 years and older between 2000 and 2017 were obtained from the National Mortality Information System. We examined national and state-level trends in age-standardised suicide rates for hanging, self-poisoning, firearms, jumping from a high place, other, and unspecified methods. We also compared total rates of mortality from suicide and undetermined intent over the period. Applying Joinpoint regression, we tested changes in trends of firearm-specific suicide rates. RESULTS The total suicide rate increased between 2000 and 2017. Rates of hanging, self-poisoning by drugs or alcohol and jumping from a high place showed the largest increases, while firearm-specific suicide rates decreased over the study period. Trends in methods of suicide varied by sex and state. CONCLUSION It is of public health concern that suicide rates in Brazil have risen this millennium. Restricting access to firearms might be an effective approach for reducing firearm-specific suicides, especially in states where firearm availability remains particularly high. Treatment and management of substance misuse may also be an important target for suicide prevention policies. More work is needed to understand the causes of rising suicide rates in Brazil and to improve the mental health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keltie McDonald
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
| | - Daiane Borges Machado
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luís F S Castro-de-Araujo
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Salvador, Brazil
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Lígia Kiss
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Maurício L Barreto
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Salvador, Brazil
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
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Cruzeiro Szortyka ALS, Faria NMX, Carvalho MP, Feijó FR, Meucci RD, Flesch BD, Fiori NS, Fassa AG. Suicidality among South Brazilian tobacco growers. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:52-58. [PMID: 34214458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among South Brazilian tobacco growers and to analyze the associated factors related to the suicidal ideation. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 with a random sample of 2469 tobacco growers in São Lourenço do Sul/RS. Suicidal ideation was characterized by the question "Has the thought of ending your life been on your mind?". Suicide attempt was assessed by the question "Have you ever tried to kill yourself?". Investigation of factors associated with suicidal ideation was done by means of Poisson regression. RESULTS Prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt was 2.5 % and 1.2 % respectively. In the adjusted analysis, suicidal ideation was associated with being female, older age, moderate participation in religious activities and difficulty in paying debts. Those who worked in activities that required inadequate postures (hunched over or other forced positions), as well as farmers who performed 6-9 pesticide-related tasks demonstrated greater risk of suicidal ideation. Regarding health conditions, medical diagnosis of asthma, chronic low back pain, number of lifetime green tobacco sickness episodes and lifetime pesticide poisoning were positively associated with suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Suicidal thoughts and attempts are relevant mental health problems among tobacco growers. Reducing pesticide use, as well as exposure to nicotine and improving socio-economic conditions, can reduce suicidal ideation and improve the mental health of exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Sica Cruzeiro Szortyka
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Psychology Course, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Neice Muller Xavier Faria
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Maitê Peres Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ribas Feijó
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health, Environment and Work, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dalke Meucci
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Foundation Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Betina Daniele Flesch
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Nadia Spada Fiori
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Factors Associated with Suicidal Behavior in Farmers: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126522. [PMID: 34204344 PMCID: PMC8296393 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to investigate the factors associated with suicidal behavior in farmers in the scientific literature. Two researchers participated independently in searching databases, specifically PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and SciELO. Only observational studies were included. The quality of the selected studies was assessed with a critical assessment checklist for cross-sectional analytical and case-control studies, prepared by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data related to the publication were collected (author and year; city/country); methodological design; sample/population (gender; average age), outcome, measuring instrument and factors associated with suicidal behavior. A total of 14 studies were included in the systematic review, and factors associated with farmers' behavior in mental health (depression), seasonal impacts (drought), and work exposures (herbicides and insecticides) were identified. However, heterogeneity was found in terms of the method, measurement of suicidal behavior, and associated factors, which indicates the need for further studies.
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9
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Alicandro G, Grande E, Sebastiani G, Violante FS, La Vecchia C, Frova L. Mortality from suicide among agricultural, fishery, forestry and hunting workers in Italy and the contribution of work-related factors. Occup Environ Med 2020; 78:117-124. [PMID: 33004435 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excess risk of suicide has been reported among workers in agriculture, fishery, forestry and hunting (AFFH). However, there is still uncertainty in the quantification of the risk and in the contribution of work-related factors. We aimed to quantify the suicide mortality risk among these workers in Italy. METHODS We carried out a historical cohort study based on record linkage between the 2011 Italian census and the mortality archives for years 2012-2017. The mortality rate ratio (MRR) was used as a measure of risk. MRR was estimated through quasi-Poisson regression models using workers in other sectors as reference category. Models were adjusted for age, citizenship, marital status, area of residence, education, employment status and hours worked per week. RESULTS The cohort included 1 004 655 workers employed in the AFFH sector and 15 269 181 workers in other sectors. During the 6-year follow-up, 559 deaths from suicide (500 men and 59 women) occurred among AFFH workers and 5917 (4935 men and 982 women) among workers in other sectors. The MRR for suicide was 1.36 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.55) among men and 1.18 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.60) among women. The excess risk was remarkably high for casual and fixed-term contract workers (3.01, 95% CI 1.50 to 6.04). CONCLUSIONS Male workers in AFFH are at high risk of suicide mortality, and casual and fixed-term contract workers are at exceedingly high risk. Our study also suggests a higher risk among single, highly educated and long-hours workers. Female workers in AFFH do not have an appreciably increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Alicandro
- Directorate for Social Statistics and Welfare, Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Grande
- Directorate for Social Statistics and Welfare, Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sebastiani
- Directorate for Social Statistics and Welfare, Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Violante
- Occupational Health Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Frova
- Directorate for Social Statistics and Welfare, Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Rome, Italy
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Braun L, Titzler I, Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Terhorst Y, Freund J, Thielecke J, Baumeister H. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of guided internet-based interventions in the indicated prevention of depression in green professions (PROD-A): study protocol of a 36-month follow-up pragmatic randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:278. [PMID: 31500602 PMCID: PMC6734248 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People in green professions are exposed to a variety of risk factors, which could possibly enhance the development of depression. Amongst possible prevention approaches, internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) have been shown to be effective and scalable. However, little is known about the effectiveness in green professions. The aim of the present study is to examine the (cost-)effectiveness of a tailored IMI program for reducing depressive symptoms and preventing the onset of clinical depression compared to enhanced treatment as usual (TAU+). METHODS A pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted to evaluate a tailored and therapeutically guided preventive IMI program in comparison to TAU+ with follow-ups at post-treatment (9 weeks), 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-months. Entrepreneurs in green professions, collaborating spouses, family members and pensioners (N = 360) with sufficient insurance status and at least subthreshold depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) are eligible for inclusion. Primary outcome is depressive symptom severity (QIDS-SR16). Secondary outcomes include incidence of depression (QIDS-SR16), quality of life (AQoL-8D) and negative treatment effects (INEP). A health-economic evaluation will be conducted from a societal perspective. The IMI program is provided by psychologists of an external service company and consists of six guided IMIs (6-8 modules, duration: 6-8 weeks) targeting different symptoms (depressive mood, depressive mood with comorbid diabetes, perceived stress, insomnia, panic and agoraphobic symptoms or harmful alcohol use). Intervention choice depends on a screening of participants' symptoms and individual preferences. The intervention phase is followed by a 12-months consolidating phase with monthly contact to the e-coach. DISCUSSION This is the first pragmatic RCT investigating long-term effectiveness of a tailored guided IMI program for depression prevention in green professions. The present trial builds on a large-scale strategy for depression prevention in green professions. The intended implementation of the IMI program with a nationwide rollout has the potential to reduce overall depression burden and associated health care costs in case of given effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trial Registration: DRKS00014000 . Registered on 09 April 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Braun
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Titzler
- 0000 0001 2107 3311grid.5330.5Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany ,GET.ON Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- 0000 0001 2107 3311grid.5330.5Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany ,GET.ON Institute, Hamburg, Germany ,0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Buntrock
- 0000 0001 2107 3311grid.5330.5Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yannik Terhorst
- 0000 0004 1936 9748grid.6582.9Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johanna Freund
- 0000 0001 2107 3311grid.5330.5Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janika Thielecke
- 0000 0001 2107 3311grid.5330.5Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- 0000 0004 1936 9748grid.6582.9Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Crocomo PZ, Winiarski JP, Barros MR, Latocheski E, Nagurniak GR, Parreira RLT, Siebert DA, Micke GA, Magosso HA, Jost CL. Silver Nanoparticles‐Silsesquioxane Nanomaterial Applied to the Determination of 4‐Nitrophenol as a Biomarker. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zimmermann Crocomo
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaDepartamento de Química 88040-900 Florianópolis – SC Brazil
| | - João Paulo Winiarski
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaDepartamento de Química 88040-900 Florianópolis – SC Brazil
| | - Marília Reginato Barros
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaDepartamento de Química 88040-900 Florianópolis – SC Brazil
| | - Eloah Latocheski
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaDepartamento de Química 88040-900 Florianópolis – SC Brazil
| | | | - Renato Luis Tame Parreira
- Universidade de FrancaNúcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas 14404-600 Franca – SP Brazil
| | - Diogo Alexandre Siebert
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaDepartamento de Química 88040-900 Florianópolis – SC Brazil
| | - Gustavo Amadeu Micke
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaDepartamento de Química 88040-900 Florianópolis – SC Brazil
| | - Hérica Aparecida Magosso
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaDepartamento de Química 88040-900 Florianópolis – SC Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luisa Jost
- Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaDepartamento de Química 88040-900 Florianópolis – SC Brazil
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12
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Association Between Chronic Exposure to Pesticide and Suicide. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:314-317. [PMID: 30946289 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between suicide and pesticide exposure in a community-based cohort study. METHODS We performed a longitudinal analysis of 6333 who participated in the initial survey of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Data were collected using a questionnaire to assess the prevalence of suicide. We calculated the hazard ratios (HRs) for suicide by pesticide exposure using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS After adjusting for variables, participants exposed to pesticides had a 1.88-fold increased risk of suicide (HR, 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 3.16) than those who were not exposed. Study populations with greater pesticide use (HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.27 to 4.60) and pesticide addiction had the highest suicide rates (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.03 to 3.56). CONCLUSIONS Pesticide exposure for suicide should be considered during the development and implementation of suicide prevention in rural area.
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Kahl VFS, da Silva FR, Alves JDS, da Silva GF, Picinini J, Dhillon VS, Fenech M, de Souza MR, Dias JF, de Souza CT, Salvador M, Branco CDS, Thiesen FV, Simon D, da Silva J. Role of PON1, SOD2, OGG1, XRCC1, and XRCC4 polymorphisms on modulation of DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:164-171. [PMID: 29747151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco farming has been proving to induce poor health outcomes in agricultural workers, genomic instability being the triggering one. This study evaluated influence of PON1 (paraoxonase 1), SOD2 (superoxide dismutase), OGG1 (8-oxoguanine glycosylase), XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1), and XRCC4 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4) genes polymorphisms on DNA damage in 121 subjects occupationally exposed to pesticides mixtures and nicotine at tobacco fields and 121 non-exposed individuals. Inorganic elements (Cl, P, S and Zn) and cotinine levels were found increased in farmers, confirming exposure. Results show higher frequencies of buccal micronucleus (MN), nuclear buds (NBUD), binucleated cells (BN) and damage index (comet assay), reduced telomere length (TL), and increased parameters of oxidative stress in farmers compared to non-exposed individuals. PON1 Gln/Gln genotype was associated with increased MN frequency. SOD2 Val/Val showed association with increased frequency of MN and NBUD and decreased antioxidant activity. The XRCC1 Arg/Arg showed protective effect for MN, BN and TL, which was also positively influenced by OGG1 -/Cys. MN was decreased in XRCC4 -/Ile farmers. These genotypes also showed a risk for antioxidant activity. Our study proposes that PON1 and SOD2 variants play a role in xenobiotic-metabolizing system in farmers, while base excision repair (BER) pathway could be the repair mechanism involved in genomic instability suffered by tobacco farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jodel da Silva Alves
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrieli Flesch da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Picinini
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Varinderpal Singh Dhillon
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biosecurity Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny F Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudia Telles de Souza
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Valadão Thiesen
- Toxicology Institute, Catholic Pontifice University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Post-Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Lopes CVA, Albuquerque GSCD. Agrotóxicos e seus impactos na saúde humana e ambiental: uma revisão sistemática. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-1104201811714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Atualmente, o Brasil é o maior consumidor de agrotóxicos do mundo. Diversos estudos comprovam os malefícios para a saúde humana e ambiental da exposição aos agrotóxicos. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática no período de 2011 a 2017 acerca desse tema em bases de dados científicos. Foram incluídos 116 estudos que demonstraram o impacto negativo para a saúde humana e ambiental. É essencial a realização de estudos sobre os efeitos da exposição crônica e simultânea a diversos agrotóxicos, além de estudos sobre os nexos de determinação estrutural do uso dos venenos e suas consequências.
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