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Nikkilä R, Peltomaa M, Carpén T, Martinsen JI, Heikkinen S, Selander J, Mehlum IS, Torfadottir JE, Mäkitie A, Pukkala E. Cancer incidence among visual artists: 45 years of follow-up in four Nordic countries. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:1265-1272. [PMID: 37796162 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2263150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Professional visual artists constitute a heterogeneous vocational group, including, but not limited to painters, photographers, textile artists, and sculptors who may face exposure to workplace hazardous substances and lifestyle factors that may contribute to the development of selected cancers. The objective of this registry-based cohort study was to assess the cancer incidence among Nordic visual artists. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is based on data from the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) project that combines census data of 15 million people from all Nordic countries and cancer registries from 1961 to 2005. For the present study we selected a cohort of visual artists from Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) analyses were conducted with the cancer incidence rates for the entire national study populations used as reference rates. RESULTS In male visual artists, there were statistically significant excesses in cancers of the tongue (SIR 2.91, 95% confidence interval 1.74-4.55), oral cavity (2.09, 1.26-3.27), pharynx (2.18, 1.45--3.15), testis (1.91, 1.11-3.05), renal pelvis (2.48, 1.42-4.03) and bladder (1.33, 1.14-1.55). The risk was significantly decreased for cancers of the lip (0.45, 0.18-0.93) and stomach (0.65, 0.50-0.84). In female visual artists, the only significantly increased risk was observed for breast cancer (1.29, 1.13-1.48) and the only significantly decreased risk for stomach cancer (0.43, 0.17-0.88). The incidence of lung cancer was close to the population average in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS The non-elevated incidence of lung cancer suggests a similar prevalence of smoking between visual artists and the general population, while the elevated risk of cancers of mouth and pharynx among male visual artists is suggestive of more widespread alcohol drinking. The excess risk of urogenital cancers might be associated with exposure to solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Nikkilä
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miikka Peltomaa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Sibelius Academy, University of the Arts, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Carpén
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sanna Heikkinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny Selander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine - IMM, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jóhanna Eyrún Torfadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Hinkamp D, McCann M. Part 1: The Pediatric Hazards of Art Materials. Pediatr Ann 2023; 52:e213-e218. [PMID: 37280007 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20230411-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous substances can be found in art materials that children encounter at school, at home, and in other settings, and adult behaviors can contribute to children's risks from these hazardous art materials. Some art materials contain severe irritants, allergens, chronic health hazards, and carcinogens. Most of the hazardous substances found in art materials are known from adult exposures in occupational or environmental settings, and few have been specifically studied in children. For many of these hazards, only limited treatments are available, so prevention is imperative. Despite laws focusing on art material labeling and designation as safe for children, there are some concerns about the accuracy of these labels. Children are at special risks from hazardous material exposures because of their developing physiologies and intellects. A wide range of art activities are taught in schools and some can include hazardous materials. Art activities and precautions that are appropriate for children in 6th grade and below and others for 7th grade and older are outlined. Excellent resources are available for further information on hazardous art materials, prevention recommendations, and health and safety programs for schools. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(6):e213-e218.].
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