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Almutairi M, Rouabhia M, Sahab Almutairi M, Al-Zahrani M, Al-Numair NS, Mohammad Alhadeq A, Reddy Parine N, Semlali A. Correlation between genetic variation in thymine DNA glycosylase and smoking behavior. Gene 2020; 766:145092. [PMID: 32916247 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major lifestyle factor leading to different human diseases. The DNA repair gene, thymine DNA glycosylase, is important to cell survival because it stops cells from becoming cancerous protecting/preventing DNA. Exposure to CS may induce genetic changes such as single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the genotype and allele distributions of four TDG SNPs with only smoking behavior in normal patients. Four TDG SNPs-rs4135066 (C/T), rs3751209 (A/G), rs1866074 (C/T), and rs1882018 (C/T) were analyzed by genotyping 235 and 239 blood samples collected from cigarette smokers and non-smokers, among the Saudi population. The results showed that TDG rs4135066 has a significant susceptibility effect observed in long-term smokers (>5 years; OR = 4.53; P = 0.0347) but not in short-term smokers (≤5 years) in contrast with non-smokers. Also, in smokers aged less than 29 years, the "CT," "TT," and "CT + TT" alleles of rs1882018 increased the risk of developing all diseases related to smoking by approximately 6, 4, and 5 times, respectively, in contrast with the ancestral "CC" homozygous allele. A comparison of the allele distributions of TDG SNPs in a Saudi population with those in other populations represented in the HapMap project showed that the genetic makeup of the Saudi Arabian population appears to differ from that of other ethnicities. Exceptions include the Yoruba people in Ibadan, Nigeria; those of Mexican ancestry in Los Angeles, California; the Luhya population in Webuye, Kenya; Gujarati Indians in Houston, Texas; and the Tuscan population in Italy, which showed similar allelic frequencies for rs3751209 compared to our Saudi population. In this ethnic, we have found a high variation in the distribution of the alleles and genotype frequencies on TDG gene. This variation on TDG SNP's with smoking could lead to increase the susceptibility to many diseases related to smoking habits in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhlid Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Mohammed Al-Zahrani
- Al Imam Mohammad IBN Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Science, Biology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf S Al-Numair
- Department of Genetics, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Narasimha Reddy Parine
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Yu LB, Tu YT, Huang JW, Zhang YN, Zheng GQ, Xu XW, Wang JW, Xiao JQ, Christiani DC, Xia ZL. Hypermethylation of CpG islands is associated with increasing chromosomal damage in chinese lead-exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:549-556. [PMID: 29761860 DOI: 10.1002/em.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a widely existing environmental pollutant with potential carcinogenicity. To investigate the association of blood lead level (B-Pb) with potential chromosomal damage and cancer, we analyzed micronucleus (MN) frequency of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and the methylation status of six human tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) post lead exposure. In the study, 147 lead-exposed workers were divided into two groups according to their B-Pb P50 value, with other 50 lead-unexposed workers as a control group. The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay was performed to detect chromosomal damage of PBLs of both lead-exposed and -unexposed workers. The methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP-PCR) was further used to examine the methylation status of six TSGs (GSTP1, hMLH1, MGMT, p14, p15, and p16). Results showed that MN frequencies of high B-Pb workers 8.1 ± 3.1‰ and low B-Pb workers 5.7 ± 2.3‰ were significantly higher than that of control group 2.8 ± 1.9‰ (P < 0.01), while the MN frequency of high B-Pb workers was also higher than that of the low B-Pb workers (P < 0.01). The MN frequency in PBLs of lead-exposed group with the methylated TSGs was significantly higher than that in PBLs with the unmethylated TSGs (P < 0.05). Notably, the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) correlated with chromosome damage (P < 0.05). Additionally, workers with high B-Pb had higher chromosome damage than those with low B-Pb (P < 0.05). Taken altogether, the results suggest that lead-exposed workers with CIMP positive and high B-Pb have a higher risk of being vulnerable to tumorigenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:549-556, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Yu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Ting Tu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing-Wen Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guo-Qiao Zheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin-Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jean Qin Xiao
- Waterfront Medical Service/Valley Health System P.O. Box 1378, Ridgewood, NJ 07451
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Zhao-Lin Xia
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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The lymphocyte cytokinesis block micronucleus test in human populations occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 774:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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A germline polymorphism of thymine DNA glycosylase induces genomic instability and cellular transformation. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004753. [PMID: 25375110 PMCID: PMC4222680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) functions in base excision repair, a DNA repair pathway that acts in a lesion-specific manner to correct individual damaged or altered bases. TDG preferentially catalyzes the removal of thymine and uracil paired with guanine, and is also active on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) paired with adenine or guanine. The rs4135113 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of TDG is found in 10% of the global population. This coding SNP results in the alteration of Gly199 to Ser. Gly199 is part of a loop responsible for stabilizing the flipped abasic nucleotide in the active site pocket. Biochemical analyses indicate that G199S exhibits tighter binding to both its substrate and abasic product. The persistent accumulation of abasic sites in cells expressing G199S leads to the induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Cells expressing the G199S variant also activate a DNA damage response. When expressed in cells, G199S induces genomic instability and cellular transformation. Together, these results suggest that individuals harboring the G199S variant may have increased risk for developing cancer. DNA repair is vital to the survival and propagation of cells. It helps protect DNA from becoming permanently damaged and prevents cells from becoming cancerous. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is responsible for the removal of up to 20,000 lesions/cell/day. Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is one of the DNA glycosylases that initiates BER. There is a germline variant of TDG that is found in 10% of the global population, where amino acid residue glycine 199 is mutated to serine. Here, we provide evidence that TDG variant G199S binds significantly more tightly to its abasic product and leads to increased DNA strand breaks in cells. We go on to show that G199S induces genomic instability, in the form of chromosomal aberrations, and leads to cellular transformation, both hallmarks of tumorigenesis. Collectively, our work suggests that a germline variant of TDG can drive carcinogenesis.
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Wang Q, Tan HS, Ma XM, Sun Y, Feng NN, Zhou LF, Ye YJ, Zhu YL, Li YL, Brandt-Rauf PW, Tang NJ, Xia ZL. Estimation of benchmark dose for micronucleus occurrence in Chinese vinyl chloride-exposed workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:76-81. [PMID: 22425610 PMCID: PMC3404251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we estimated the possibility of using benchmark dose (BMD) to assess the dose-response relationship between vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) exposure and chromosome damage. A group of 317 workers occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride monomer and 166 normal, unexposed control in Shandong Province northern China were examined for chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CB-MN) assay of DNA damage. The exposed group (3.47 ± 2.65)‰ showed higher micronucleus frequency than the control (1.60 ± 1.30)‰ (P < 0.01). Occupational exposure level based on micronucleus occurrence in all individuals was analyzed with benchmark dose (BMD) methods. The benchmark dose lower limit of a one-sided 95% confidence interval (BMDL) for 10% excess risk was also determined. Results showed a dose-response relationship between cumulative exposure and MN frequency, and a BMDL of 0.54 mg/m3 and 0.23 mg/m3 for males and females, respectively. Female workers were more susceptible to MN damage than male workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-shan Tan
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-ming Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nan-nan Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-fang Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-jie Ye
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-liang Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Yong-liang Li
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Paul W. Brandt-Rauf
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nai-jun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhao-lin Xia
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Ruczinski I, Jorgensen TJ, Shugart YY, Schaad YB, Kessing B, Hoffman-Bolton J, Helzlsouer KJ, Kao W, Wheless L, Francis L, Alani RM, Strickland PT, Smith MW, Alberg AJ. A population-based study of DNA repair gene variants in relation to non-melanoma skin cancer as a marker of a cancer-prone phenotype. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1692-8. [PMID: 22581838 PMCID: PMC3514896 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For unknown reasons, non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is associated with increased risk of other malignancies. Focusing solely on DNA repair or DNA repair-related genes, this study tested the hypothesis that DNA repair gene variants contribute to the increased cancer risk associated with a personal history of NMSC. From the parent CLUE II cohort study, established in 1989 in Washington County, MD, the study consisted of a cancer-free control group (n 5 2296) compared with three mutually exclusive groups of cancer cases ascertained through 2007: (i) Other (non-NMSC) cancer only (n 5 2349); (ii) NMSC only (n 5 694) and (iii) NMSC plus other cancer (n 5 577). The frequency of minor alleles in 759 DNA repair gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was compared in these four groups. Comparing those with both NMSC and other cancer versus those with no cancer, 10 SNPs had allelic trend P-values <0.01. The two top-ranked SNPs were both within the thymine DNA glycosylase gene (TDG). One was a non-synonymous coding SNP (rs2888805) [per allele odds ratio (OR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.70; P-value 5 0.0006] and the other was an intronic SNP in high linkage disequilibrium with rs2888805 (rs4135150). None of the associations had a P-value <6.6310(-5), the threshold for statistical significance after correcting for multiple comparisons. The results pinpoint DNA repair genes most likely to contribute to the NMSC cancer-prone phenotype. A promising lead is genetic variants in TDG, important not only in base excision repair but also in regulating the epigenome and gene expression, which may contribute to the NMSC-associated increase in overall cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Timothy J. Jorgensen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University School of MedicineWashington, DC, USA,
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yin Yao Shugart
- Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yvette Berthier Schaad
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, SAIC-Frederick, NCI-FrederickFrederick, MD
| | - Bailey Kessing
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, SAIC-Frederick, NCI-FrederickFrederick, MD
| | - Judith Hoffman-Bolton
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimore, MD, USA
- George W. Comstock Center for Public Health Research and PreventionWashington County, MD, USA,
| | | | - W.H.Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lee Wheless
- Hollings Cancer Center and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA,
| | - Lesley Francis
- Hollings Cancer Center and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA,
| | - Rhoda M. Alani
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of MedicineBoston, MA, USA
| | - Paul T. Strickland
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael W. Smith
- Genetics and Genomics Group, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-FrederickFrederick, MD, USA
| | - Anthony J. Alberg
- Hollings Cancer Center and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA,
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Jiao J, Feng NN, Li Y, Sun Y, Yao W, Wang W, Zhang GH, Sun SY, Tan HS, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Li Y, Brandt-Rauf PW, Xia ZL. Estimation of a safe level for occupational exposure to vinyl chloride using a benchmark dose method in central China. J Occup Health 2012; 54:263-70. [PMID: 22672882 DOI: 10.1539/joh.11-0157-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to estimate a benchmark dose (BMD) for chromosome damage induced by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in VCM-exposed workers in central China and validate the published results in Shanghai. METHODS VCM-exposed workers who had been exposed to VCM for at least one year (n=463) and matched subjects not exposed to VCM or other toxins (n=273) were asked to participate in this study. Micronucleus (MN) frequency based on the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) was used as a biomarker for chromosome damage induced by VCM exposure. RESULTS The MN frequency in the VCM-exposed workers was significantly higher than that in the control group, and multivariate Poisson regression suggested that gender, smoking status and VCM exposure were the significant factors influencing the risk of increased MN frequency. When subjects were further stratified according to gender and smoking status, the results showed that female VCM-exposed workers were more susceptible than the males to the risk of increased MN frequency. The MN frequency of smokers was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers in the control group. Our study also suggested that there was a strong dose-response relationship between VCM CED and the increased risk of MN frequency in the total group, males and females. The BMDL(10) was found to be 630.6, 670.2 and 273.7 mg-year for all VCM-exposed workers, males and females, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results invite further scrutiny of the current VCM occupational exposure limits and warrant further study of the risk of VCM genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiao
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, China
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Wang W, Qiu YL, Jiao J, Liu J, Ji F, Miao WB, Zhu Y, Xia ZL. Genotoxicity in vinyl chloride-exposed workers and its implication for occupational exposure limit. Am J Ind Med 2011; 54:800-10. [PMID: 21796658 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is a colorless gas under room temperature and has been mostly used to produce polyvinyl chloride (PVC) since the 1970s. It is classified by the International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC) as a known human carcinogen (Group 1). In this study, genetic damage in VCM workers was evaluated in relation to their occupational cumulative exposure to VCM. METHODS Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay was conducted in 229 VCM workers and 138 controls to detect chromosome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The cumulative exposure dose (CED) of VCM was calculated based on the job type and duration of each worker and the workplace VCM concentration. Dose-response relationships between VCM CED and micronucleus frequency or chromosomal damage were evaluated, and benchmark doses (BMDs) estimated. RESULTS Dose-response relationships between VCM CED and chromosomal damage were obtained. The 95% lower confidence bound of BMD of VCM CED was 2.86 mg/m(3) -year for both genders combined, leading to an estimated exposure limit of 0.072 mg/m(3) assuming a work life of 40 years. CONCLUSIONS VCM exposure may induce chromosomal damage at occupational exposure levels below the Chinese national occupational health standard. Further research is needed to better understand micronuclei as biomarker of VCM genotoxicity. Better dose-response assessment and BMD estimation are desirable in order to improve the quantification of occupational exposure limits for VCM with respect to non-cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dhillon VS, Thomas P, Iarmarcovai G, Kirsch-Volders M, Bonassi S, Fenech M. Genetic polymorphisms of genes involved in DNA repair and metabolism influence micronucleus frequencies in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutagenesis 2010; 26:33-42. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Wang Q, Ji F, Sun Y, Qiu YL, Wang W, Wu F, Miao WB, Li Y, Brandt-Rauf PW, Xia ZL. Genetic polymorphisms of XRCC1, HOGG1 and MGMT and micronucleus occurrence in Chinese vinyl chloride-exposed workers. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1068-73. [PMID: 20378691 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a group of 313 workers occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and 141 normal unexposed referents were examined for chromosomal damage using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay in peripheral lymphocytes. We explored the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of XRCC1 (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln), MGMT(Leu84Phe) and hOGG1 (Ser326Cys) and susceptibility of chromosomal damage induced by VCM. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were used to detect polymorphisms in XRCC1, hOGG1 and MGMT. It was found that the micronuclei (MN) frequency of exposed workers (4.86 +/- 2.80) per thousand was higher than that of the control group (1.22 +/- 1.24) per thousand (P < 0.01). Increased susceptibility to chromosomal damage as evidenced by higher MN frequency was found in workers with hOGG1 326 Ser/Cys genotype [frequency ratio (FR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.46; P < 0.05], XRCC1 194 Arg/Trp (FR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00-1.25; P < 0.05) and XRCC1 280 Arg/His and His/His genotypes (FR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.26, P < 0.05). Moreover, among susceptibility diplotypes, CGA/CAG carriers had more risk of MN frequency compared with individuals with wild-type CGG/CGG (FR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19-2.23; P < 0.05). MN frequency also increased significantly with age in the exposed group (FR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00-1.28; P < 0.05). Thus, CB-MN was a sensitive index of early damage among VCM-exposed workers. Genotype XRCC1 Arg194Trp, Arg280His, hOGG1 Ser326Cys, diplotype CGA/CAG and higher age may have an impact on the chromosome damage induced by VCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of public health and safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixue yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032,China
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