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Dias GG, O Rodrigues M, Paz ERS, P Nunes M, Araujo MH, Rodembusch FS, da Silva Júnior EN. Aryl-Phenanthro[9,10- d]imidazole: A Versatile Scaffold for the Design of Optical-Based Sensors. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2865-2919. [PMID: 36250642 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent and colorimetric sensors are important tools for investigating the chemical compositions of different matrices, including foods, environmental samples, and water. The high sensitivity, low interference, and low detection limits of these sensors have inspired scientists to investigate this class of sensing molecules for ion and molecule detection. Several examples of fluorescent and colorimetric sensors have been described in the literature; this Review focuses particularly on phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles. Different strategies have been developed for obtaining phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles, which enable modification of their optical properties upon interaction with specific analytes. These sensing responses usually involve changes in the fluorescence intensity and/or color arising from processes like photoinduced electron transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, intramolecular proton transfer in the excited state, and Förster resonance energy transfer. In this Review, we categorized these sensors into two different groups: those bearing formyl groups and their derivatives and those based on other molecular groups. The different optical responses of phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole-based sensors upon interaction with specific analytes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleiston G Dias
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG. Brazil
| | - Marieli O Rodrigues
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS. Brazil
| | - Esther R S Paz
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG. Brazil
| | - Mateus P Nunes
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG. Brazil
| | - Maria H Araujo
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG. Brazil
| | - Fabiano S Rodembusch
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS. Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG. Brazil
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Solea AB, Curty C, Fromm KM, Allemann C, Mamula Steiner O. A Rapid, Highly Sensitive and Selective Phosgene Sensor Based on 5,6-Pinenepyridine. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201772. [PMID: 35731617 PMCID: PMC9804803 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of phosgene (COCl2 ) combined with its extensive use as a reactant and building block in the chemical industry make its fast and accurate detection a prerequisite. We have developed a carboxylic derivative of 5,6-pinenepyridine which is able to act as colorimetric and fluorimetric sensor for phosgene in air and solution. For the first time, the formation of a pyrido-[2,1-a]isoindolone was used for this purpose. In solution, the sensing reaction is extremely fast (under 5 s), selective and highly sensitive, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.7 nM/0.8 ppb. When fixed on a solid support, the sensor is able to detect the presence of gaseous phosgene down to concentrations of 0.1 ppm, one of the lowest values reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena B. Solea
- Haute école d'ingénierie et d'architectureHEIA-FRUniversity of Applied Sciences of Western SwitzerlandHES-SOPérolles 80CH-1705FribourgSwitzerland,Department of ChemistryUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 91700FribourgSwitzerland
| | | | - Katharina M. Fromm
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 91700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Christophe Allemann
- Haute école d'ingénierie et d'architectureHEIA-FRUniversity of Applied Sciences of Western SwitzerlandHES-SOPérolles 80CH-1705FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Olimpia Mamula Steiner
- Haute école d'ingénierie et d'architectureHEIA-FRUniversity of Applied Sciences of Western SwitzerlandHES-SOPérolles 80CH-1705FribourgSwitzerland
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Sattar N, Sajid H, Tabassum S, Ayub K, Mahmood T, Gilani MA. Potential sensing of toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) by twisted nanographenes: A first principle approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153858. [PMID: 35176369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are extremely harmful to the living organisms. Their efficient detection and removal in a limited time span are essential for the human health and environmental security. Twisted nanographenes have great applications in the fields of energy storage and optoelectronics, but their use as sensors is rarely described. Therefore, we have explored the sensitivity and selectivity of twisted nanographene analogues (C32H16, C64H32) towards selected toxic CWAs, including phosgene, thiophosgene and formaldehyde. The interaction between CWAs and twisted nanographenes is mainly interpreted by considering the optimized geometries, adsorption energies, natural bond orbital (NBO), frontier molecular orbital (FMO), non-covalent interaction (NCI) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analyses. The structural geometries show that the central octagon of twisted nanographenes is the most favorable site of interaction. The interaction energies reveal the physisorption of selected CWAs on tNGs surface. The average energy gap change (%EH-La) and % sensitivity are quantitatively determined to evaluate the sensing capability of the twisted nanographenes. Among the selected CWAs molecules, the sensitivity of tNG analogues (C32H16 and C64H32) is superior towards thiophosgene (ThP), which is revealed by the high interaction energies of -8.19 and - 12.17 kcal/mol, respectively. This theoretical study will help experimentalists to devise novel sensors based on twisted nanographenes for the detection of toxic CWAs which may also work efficiently under the humid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Sajid
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
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Zhu J, Mu X, Zhang S, Yan L, Wu X. A reusable test paper based on a simple salicylaldehyde derivate for the real-time detection of phosgene in gas phase. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119485. [PMID: 33503562 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosgene is an important organic activity intermediate as well as a poisonous gas. However, the widespread use and abuse of phosphene brings potential risks to public safety. So it is very important to detect phosgene quickly and reliably. Up to now, a lot of chemical sensors based on organoluminescent groups have been reported to monitor phosgene. However, most of them have complex molecular structures and cannot be recycled during detection. Herein, we developed a simple and effective fluorescent chemosensor using 5-chlorsalicylaldehyde as luminophor and azanol as recognition site. It exhibited significant fluorescence enhancement, excellent specificity and sensitivity. More importantly, the reusable test paper prepared by this chemosensor has been successfully used in the point-of-care testing of gaseous phosgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, PR China
| | - Xinyue Mu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, PR China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, PR China
| | - Liqiang Yan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, PR China.
| | - Xiongzhi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, PR China.
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Liu X, Li N, Li M, Chen H, Zhang N, Wang Y, Zheng K. Recent progress in fluorescent probes for detection of carbonyl species: Formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and phosgene. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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BODIPY-based asymmetric monosubstituted (turn-on) and symmetric disubstituted (ratiometric) fluorescent probes for selective detection of phosgene in solution and gas phase. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1078:168-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wu C, Xu H, Li Y, Xie R, Li P, Pang X, Zhou Z, Gu B, Li H, Zhang Y. An ESIPT-based fluorescent probe for the detection of phosgene in the solution and gas phases. Talanta 2019; 200:78-83. [PMID: 31036228 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosgene is a highly toxic gas that poses a serious threat to public health and safety. Herein, we describe the preparation of a ratiometric fluorescence probe (Pi) bearing hydroxyl and imidazole moieties as recognition sites, and employ it for the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer-based (ESIPT-based) detection of phosgene. It is the first time that hydroxyl and imidazole have been exploited as recognition sites for phosgene. In the presence of phosgene, Pi undergoes sequential nucleophilic substitution and cyclization reactions that facilitate a rapid response, high selectivity, and excellent sensitivity (detection limit = 0.14 μM). The sensing mechanism was verified by 1H NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we fabricated a fluorescent test strip (FTS-Pi) for the detection of phosgene in the gas phase that undergoes a fluorescence color change, from green to blue, under 365 nm UV light in the presence of phosgene, which is easily observed with the naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Hai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Ruihua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Peijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of College of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, PR China
| | - Xiao Pang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Zile Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Biao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of College of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, PR China
| | - Haitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
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Chen L, Wu D, Kim JM, Yoon J. An ESIPT-Based Fluorescence Probe for Colorimetric, Ratiometric, and Selective Detection of Phosgene in Solutions and the Gas Phase. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12596-12601. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Di Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750 Korea
| | - Jong-Man Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750 Korea
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosgene is a rare exposure with strong clinical implications. We report a phosgene exposure that resulted in the patient's death. CASE REPORT A 58 year-old man arrived to the emergency department 1 hour after exposure to phosgene with complaints of a sore throat. Initial vital signs were blood pressure 175/118 mmHg, heart rate 98/min, respirations 12/min, and oxygen saturation of 93% on room air. Physical exam revealed few scattered rhonchi, without signs of distress. Initial arterial blood gases (ABG's) revealed pH 7.42, pCO2 43 mmHg, pO2 68 mmHg, HCO3 27 meq/L, and oxygen saturation of 93% on room air. Initial chest x-ray 2 hours after the exposure demonstrated clear lung fields. Approximately 2.5 hours after the exposure, he began complaining of dyspnea, restlessness and his oxygen saturation dropped below 90%. He received nebulized albuterol, 1 gram intravenous methylprednisolone, and 100 % oxygen via face mask. Minimal improvement was noted and he was intubated. The post intubation chest x-ray, 3.5 hours after the exposure, revealed diffuse alveolar infiltrates. Acetylcysteine, terbutaline, and IV steroids were administered without improvement. The patient died 30 hours after exposure. DISCUSSION There are many misunderstandings concerning phosgene due to its rare presentation. Traditional treatment modalities are often unproven in human trials and were unsuccessful in this case. CONCLUSION This case highlights the significant toxicity that results from phosgene exposure and the challenges of the limited treatment modalities. There is concern for the use of this agent in chemical terrorism.
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Wu X, Wu Z, Yang Y, Han S. A highly sensitive fluorogenic chemodosimeter for rapid visual detection of phosgene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1895-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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