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Kozina Z, Sobko I, Kozin S, Garmash I. Вплив застосування нетрадиційних засобів відновлення працездатності на функціональний стан юних гребців 11-12 років. HEALTH, SPORT, REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.34142/hsr.2018.04.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Мета роботи – експериментально обґрунтувати ефективність застосування нетрадиційних педагогічних, психологічних та медико-біологічних засобів відновлення для підвищення функціонального стану юних гребців 11-12 років. Матеріал і методи. Усього в даному дослідженні взяли участь 43 юних гребця 11-12 років (дівчата), середній ріст яких склав 152,3±5,2 см середня вага – 39,01±6,5 кг. Обстежувані були поділені на 4 групи, приблизно рівні (р>0,05) по показникам фізичної та функціональної підготовленості. Три групи були експериментальними, в яких застосовувались різні засоби відновлення працездатності. У першій експериментальній групі застосовувався педагогічної метод контролю інтенсивності навантаження і часу відновлення по суб'єктивних відчуттях по шкалі Борга у сполученні з застосуванням масажу з утиранням мазі на травах і мумійо, у другій експериментальній групі застосовувався педагогічний метод контролю інтенсивності навантаження і часу відновлення по суб'єктивних відчуттях у сполученні з прийомом бальзаму з лікарських трав і мумійо, у третій експериментальній групі застосовувався педагогічної метод контролю інтенсивності навантаження і часу відновлення по суб'єктивних відчуттях у сполученні з аутогенним тренуванням (психотренінгом). Психотренінг проводився після тренування, аутотренінг - самостійно, індивідуально, за бажанням. Аутогенне тренування (психотренінг) за бажанням супроводжувались музичним оформленням. Контрольна група тренувалася без використання засобів відновлення. Для перевірки ефективності застосування нетрадиційних засобів відновлення працездатності застосовували тест Новаккі на велоергометрі. Випробувані виконували роботу двічи – до і після основного експерименту, який тривав 8 тижнів. Частота педалування складала 60 об·хв -1. Відчуваєму напругу (ВН) оцінювали по шкалі Борга наприкінці кожної ступіні і безпосередньо перед закінченням роботи. Одночасно реєстрували ЧСС. Результати. Показано, що прийом бальзаму на лікарських травах і мумійо робить дію на організм, що стимулює та тонізує. Про це свідчить підвищення показників працездатності в тесті Новаккі. Застосування даних компонентів у мазях при масажі робить релаксируючу та відновлювальну дію, про що свідчить підвищення показників ефективності відновлення. Психо- і аутотренінг робить хоча і достовірне, але менш виражене як стимулюючу, так і відбудовну дію, причому його відбудовна дія виявлена сильніше. Застосування психотренінгу приводить до зменшення взаємозв'язку між ЧСС і суб’єктивного сприйняття навантаження у зв'язку зі зниженням чутливості нервової системи до відчуттів дискомфорту при м'язовій діяльності. Висновки. В навчально-тренувальному процесі гребців доцільно застосовувати всі досліджувані в даній роботі засоби, тому що вони істотно доповнюють і підсилюють один одного.
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Rundfeldt LC, Maggioni MA, Coker RH, Gunga HC, Riveros-Rivera A, Schalt A, Steinach M. Cardiac Autonomic Modulations and Psychological Correlates in the Yukon Arctic Ultra: The Longest and the Coldest Ultramarathon. Front Physiol 2018; 9:35. [PMID: 29483874 PMCID: PMC5816048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on human physical performance in extreme environments have effectively approached the investigation of adaptation mechanisms and their physiological limits. As scientific interest in the interplay between physiological and psychological aspects of performance is growing, we aimed to investigate cardiac autonomic control, by means of heart rate variability, and psychological correlates, in competitors of a subarctic ultramarathon, taking place over a 690 km course (temperatures between +5 and -47°C). At baseline (PRE), after 277 km (D1), 383 km (D2), and post-race (POST, 690 km), heart rate (HR) recordings (supine, 15 min), psychometric measurements (Profile of Mood States/POMS, Borg fatigue, and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale scores both upon arrival and departure) were obtained in 16 competitors (12 men, 4 women, 38.6 ± 9.5 years). As not all participants reached the finish line, comparison of finishers (FIN, n = 10) and non-finishers (NON, n = 6), allowed differential assessment of performance. Resting HR increased overall significantly at D1 (FIN +15.9; NON +14.0 bpm), due to a significant decrease in parasympathetic drive. This decrease was in FIN only partially recovered toward POST. In FIN only, baseline HR was negatively correlated with mean velocity [r -0.63 (P.04)] and parasympathetic drive [pNN50+: r -0.67 (P.03)], a lower HR and a higher vagal tone predicting a better performance. Moreover, in FIN, a persistent increase of the long-term self-similarity coefficient, assessed by detrended fluctuation analysis (DFAα2), was retrieved, possibly due to higher alertness. As for psychometrics, at D1, POMS Vigor decreased (FIN: -7.0; NON: -3.8), while Fatigue augmented (FIN: +6.9; NON: +5.0). Sleepiness increased only in NON, while Borg scales did not exhibit changes. Baseline comparison of mood states with normative data for athletes displayed significantly higher positive mood in our athletes. Results show that: the race conditions induced early decreases in parasympathetic drive; the extent of vagal withdrawal, associated to the timing of its recovery, is crucial for success; pre-competition lower resting HR predicts a better performance; psychological profile is reliably depicted by POMS, but not by Borg fatigue scales. Therefore, assessment of heart rate variability and psychological profile may monitor and partly predict performance in long-duration ultramarathon in extreme cold environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea C Rundfeldt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina A Maggioni
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert H Coker
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alain Riveros-Rivera
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriane Schalt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Steinach
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Quantifying the "Slosh Stomach": A Novel Tool for Assessment of Exercise-Associated Gastroparesis Symptoms in Endurance Athletes. JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2016; 2016:1276369. [PMID: 27981229 PMCID: PMC5131242 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1276369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. We describe a novel scale and its field use for evaluation of exercise-associated gastroparesis in the endurance athlete. Methods. A scale was created based on gastroparesis tools previously described in the medical literature. Surveys of the tool were administered to runners participating in a 210 km multiday foot race in Sri Lanka. Results. Use of this novel scale was demonstrated to be useful in assessing gastroparesis severity scores of athletes and how these symptoms affected their race performance. Of the 27 race participants who completed the survey, 27 felt that the tool adequately captured their symptoms. Conclusions. This novel survey tool was able to assess the presence and severity of exercise-associated gastroparesis symptoms in endurance racers in a remote location. This tool may be helpful with further research of the identification and management of gastroparesis and other gastrointestinal upset in the endurance race environment.
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Liew BXW, Morris S, Keogh JWL, Appleby B, Netto K. Effects of two neuromuscular training programs on running biomechanics with load carriage: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:445. [PMID: 27770784 PMCID: PMC5075409 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, athletes have ventured into ultra-endurance and adventure racing events, which tests their ability to race, navigate, and survive. These events often require race participants to carry some form of load, to bear equipment for navigation and survival purposes. Previous studies have reported specific alterations in biomechanics when running with load which potentially influence running performance and injury risk. We hypothesize that a biomechanically informed neuromuscular training program would optimize running mechanics during load carriage to a greater extent than a generic strength training program. Methods This will be a two group, parallel randomized controlled trial design, with single assessor blinding. Thirty healthy runners will be recruited to participate in a six weeks neuromuscular training program. Participants will be randomized into either a generic training group, or a biomechanically informed training group. Primary outcomes include self-determined running velocity with a 20 % body weight load, jump power, hopping leg stiffness, knee extensor and triceps-surae strength. Secondary outcomes include running kinetics and kinematics. Assessments will occur at baseline and post-training. Discussion To our knowledge, no training programs are available that specifically targets a runner’s ability to carry load while running. This will provide sport scientists and coaches with a foundation to base their exercise prescription on. Trial registration ANZCTR (ACTRN12616000023459) (14 Jan 2016) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1271-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard X W Liew
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
| | - Susan Morris
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Justin W L Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, QLD 4229, Robina, Australia.,Sports Performance Research Centre New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Brendyn Appleby
- Strength and Conditioning, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia.,High Performance Unit, Hockey Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kevin Netto
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
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Mandatory Rest Stops Improve Athlete Safety during Event Medical Coverage for Ultramarathons. Prehosp Disaster Med 2016; 31:43-5. [PMID: 26750179 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x15005555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Provisions of medical direction and clinical services for ultramarathons require specific attention to heat illness. Heat stress can affect athlete performance negatively, and heat accumulation without acclimatization is associated with the development of exertional heat stroke (EHS). In order to potentially mitigate the risk of this safety concern, the Jungle Marathon (Para, Brazil) instituted mandatory rest periods during the first two days of this 7-day, staged, Brazilian ultramarathon. METHODS Race records were reviewed retrospectively to determine the number of runners that suffered an emergency medical complication related to heat stress and did not finish (DNF) the race. Review of records included three years before and three years after the institution of these mandatory rest periods. RESULTS A total of 326 runners competed in the Jungle Marathon during the 2008-2013 period of study. During the pre-intervention years, a total of 46 athletes (21%) DNF the full race with 25 (54.3%) cases attributed to heat-related factors. During the post-intervention years, a total of 26 athletes (24.3%) DNF the full race with four (15.4%) cases attributed to heat-related factors. CONCLUSION Mandatory rest stops during extreme running events in hot or tropical environments, like the Jungle Marathon, are likely to improve athlete safety and improve the heat acclimatization process.
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