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Comparison of injury profiles between elite Australian male and female cricket players. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:19-24. [PMID: 36522249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study presents seven seasons of injury surveillance data for both elite Australian male and female cricket players, revealing injury statistics and allowing for comparison between sexes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. METHODS Participants were elite Australian male and female cricket players who were contracted to play for a national and/or state/territory team and/or T20 franchise between 2015-16 and 2021-22 (7 seasons). Injury data was recorded in Cricket Australia's Athlete Management System database and combined with match data. The STROBE-SIIS statement was used as the relevant guideline for this study. RESULTS Data for 1345 male player seasons and 959 female player seasons revealed sex-related differences in the injury incidence rates and prevalence. Males had higher incidence (average 136 vs 101 injuries per 1000 match days) and prevalence of match time-loss injuries (average 10.4% vs 6.5% players unavailable). However, the overall incidence of all medical attention injuries were similar between sexes (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) 0.9, 95%CI 0.8-1.0). The most frequent match time-loss injuries for males were hamstring strains (7.4 new injuries per 100 players per season), side and abdominal strains (5.5), concussion (5.0), lumbar stress fractures (4.3), and wrist and hand fractures (3.9). The most frequent match time-loss injuries for females over the 7 seasons were hamstring strains (3.1), concussion (2.3), quadriceps strains (2.4) and shin/foot/ankle stress fractures (2.0). The IRR of medical attention injuries for males compared to females was higher for lumbosacral stress fractures (IRR 2.3), elbow and forearm injuries (1.5), and concussion (1.4), and lower for lower leg, foot, and ankle stress fractures (0.6), shoulder and upper arm injuries (0.7), and quadriceps strains (0.6). CONCLUSIONS Robust long-term injury surveillance enabled the injury profiles of elite Australian male and female cricket players to be understood and compared. Males had a higher incidence and prevalence of match time-loss injuries, likely reflecting a higher match exposure.
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Komatsu S, Kaneko H, Nagashima M. Characteristics of internal oblique muscle strain in professional baseball players: a case series. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:118. [PMID: 35752868 PMCID: PMC9233777 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Internal oblique muscle strains can develop in professional baseball players, rendering the players unable to continue playing for a certain period. However, the characteristics of this injury are not well known. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the details of the injury and the post injury course of internal oblique muscle strain in professional baseball players. Methods The subjects were members of a single Japanese professional baseball team with a total of 188 players (81 fielders and 107 pitchers) who developed internal oblique muscle strains from January 2012 to December 2021. The diagnosis of muscle strain was made on the basis of local pain and magnetic resonance imaging findings. The incidence of internal oblique muscle strain, the details of the site of the injury, and the time to return to play were examined. Results There were 28 cases in 23 players (12.2%) of internal oblique muscle strain. The players were 16 fielders (24.7%) and 7 pitchers (7.5%), with a significantly greater incidence in fielders (p = 0.001). Although internal oblique muscle strain was more common on the side contralateral to the batting or pitching side, it occurred on either side. Most of the injury sites were at the region of the muscle insertion to the lower ribs. At a mean time of 36.5 months after the initial injury, 5 players (21.7%) developed another internal oblique muscle strain. The mean time to return to play was 27.7 ± 9.7 days (range, 4–53 days). Conclusions Baseball players who have symptoms at the side of the trunk should be regarded as having possible internal oblique muscle strain, and proactive examination should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuro Komatsu
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaneko
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagashima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, 1-4-3 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8329, Japan. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kōzunomori, Narita city, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.
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Varada SL, Popkin CA, Hecht EM, Ahmad CS, Levine WN, Brown M, Wong TT. Athletic Injuries of the Thoracic Cage. Radiographics 2021; 41:E20-E39. [PMID: 33646909 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A variety of sports require exposure to high-impact trauma or characteristic repetitive movements that predispose to injuries around the thorax. Appropriate prognostication and timely management are vital, as untreated or undertreated injuries can lead to pain, disability, loss of playing time, or early termination of sports participation. The authors review common athletic injuries of the thoracic cage, encompassing muscular, osseous, and vascular conditions, with an emphasis on mechanism, imaging features, and management. The authors also review pertinent soft-tissue and bony anatomy, along with relevant sports biomechanics. Generalized muscle trauma and more specific injuries involving the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis minor, lateral abdominal wall and intercostals, serratus anterior, and rectus abdominis muscles are discussed. Osseous injuries such as stress fractures, sternoclavicular dislocation, costochondral fractures, and scapular fractures are included. Finally, thoracic conditions such as snapping scapula, thoracic outlet syndrome, and Paget-Schroetter syndrome are also described. Specific MRI protocols are highlighted to address imaging challenges such as the variable anatomic orientation of thoracic structures and artifact from breathing motion. Athletes are susceptible to a wide range of musculoskeletal thoracic trauma. An accurate imaging diagnosis of thoracic cage injury and assessment of injury severity allow development of an adequate treatment plan. This can be facilitated by an understanding of functional anatomy, sports biomechanics, and the unique injuries for which athletes are at risk. ©RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya L Varada
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology (S.L.V., E.M.H., M.B., T.T.W.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine (C.A.P., C.S.A., W.N.L.), New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, MC-28, New York, NY 10032
| | - Charles A Popkin
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology (S.L.V., E.M.H., M.B., T.T.W.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine (C.A.P., C.S.A., W.N.L.), New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, MC-28, New York, NY 10032
| | - Elizabeth M Hecht
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology (S.L.V., E.M.H., M.B., T.T.W.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine (C.A.P., C.S.A., W.N.L.), New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, MC-28, New York, NY 10032
| | - Christopher S Ahmad
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology (S.L.V., E.M.H., M.B., T.T.W.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine (C.A.P., C.S.A., W.N.L.), New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, MC-28, New York, NY 10032
| | - William N Levine
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology (S.L.V., E.M.H., M.B., T.T.W.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine (C.A.P., C.S.A., W.N.L.), New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, MC-28, New York, NY 10032
| | - Marc Brown
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology (S.L.V., E.M.H., M.B., T.T.W.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine (C.A.P., C.S.A., W.N.L.), New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, MC-28, New York, NY 10032
| | - Tony T Wong
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology (S.L.V., E.M.H., M.B., T.T.W.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine (C.A.P., C.S.A., W.N.L.), New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, MC-28, New York, NY 10032
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Nealon AR, Docking SI, Lucas PE, Connell DA, Koh ES, Cook JL. MRI findings are associated with time to return to play in first class cricket fast bowlers with side strain in Australia and England. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 22:992-996. [PMID: 31239202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the reliability of reporting and relationship between MRI parameters at injury and time to return to play (RTP) in first class cricket fast bowlers with side strain in Australia and England. DESIGN Cohort study. METHODS Eighty MRI scans of side strain injuries to 57 fast bowlers were sourced. Ten scans were reported by three experienced radiologists to determine intra- and inter-rater reliability. The relationship between six MRI parameters (muscle injured, presence of a muscle tear, rib level of injury, presence of blood fluid products/haematoma, periosteal stripping, rib oedema) and time to RTP was investigated with 39 scans reported by a single radiologist with known intra-rater reliability. The association between parameters and time to RTP was analysed with an ordinal logistic regression model. RESULTS Recovery time was prolonged with a mean of 39days (standard deviation: 14days) and 44% of bowlers requiring more than 6weeks to RTP. Reliability levels between parameters varied widely. The presence or absence of a muscle tear was the only MRI parameter associated with time to RTP. Players with a muscle tear were 8 times more likely to take more than 6weeks to RTP. The multifactorial model was predictive of recovery time in only 53% of this cohort, leaving 47% of total variance in time to RTP unexplained. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a muscle tear was associated with time to RTP in cricket fast bowlers with side strain injury in first class cricket in Australia and England.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean I Docking
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre La Trobe University, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jill L Cook
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre La Trobe University, Australia
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