Urine output and performance of runners in a 12-hour ultramarathon

Blood and Urinary Abnormalities Induced During and After 24-Hour Continuous Running: A Case Report

In this reported clinical case, a healthy and well-trained male subject [aged 37 years, maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max) 64 mL·kg·min] ran for 23 hours and 35 minutes covering 160 km (6.7 km/h average running speed). The analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters 3 days before the event, just after termination of exercise, and after 24 and 48 hours of recovery revealed important changes on muscle and liver function, and hemolysis. The analysis of urine sediments showed an increment of red and white blood cells filtrations, compatible with transient nephritis. After 48 hours, most of these alterations were recovered. Physicians and health professionals who monitor such athletic events should be aware that these athletes could exhibit transient symptoms compatible with severe pathologies and diseases, although the genesis of these blood and urinary abnormalities are attributable to transient physiological adaptations rather to pathological status.

Physiologic alterations and predictors of performance in a 160-km ultramarathon

OBJECTIVE

To describe physiologic alterations in runners competing in a 160-km endurance event and to evaluate the utility of weight and blood pressure measurements in the assessment of runner performance.

DESIGN

Prospective cohort study.

SETTING

One hundred sixty-km ultramarathon.

PARTICIPANTS

Ninety-one of the 101 participants in the 2010 Tahoe Rim 100 Mile Endurance Run.

ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS

Brachial blood pressure, heart rate, and weight were assessed before competition, at 80 km, and at 160 km.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Alterations in brachial blood pressure, heart rate, and weight were assessed in finishers. Weight loss, brachial blood pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate at 80 km were assessed in all participants for their ability to predict failure to finish the race.

RESULTS

Participants who finished 160 km (57%) experienced their fastest heart rates (P < 0.05), lowest systolic pressures (P < 0.05), highest diastolic pressures (P < 0.05), narrowest pulse pressures (P < 0.05), and lowest weights (P < 0.05) at 80 km. High rates of finishing were seen in those who lost >5% of their prerace weight (87%). Categorical weight loss (<3%, 3%-5%, and >5%) was not associated with the ability to finish (P > 0.05) or finishing time (P > 0.05), whereas the presence of a narrow pulse pressure was associated with a high likelihood (likelihood ratio = 9.84; P = 0.002) of failure to finish.

CONCLUSIONS

Greater intracompetition weight loss is not associated with impaired performance but rather may be an aspect of superior performance. Narrow pulse pressure was associated with a high likelihood of failure to finish.