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Kim BG, Jeong BH, Park G, Kim HK, Shim YM, Shin SH, Lee K, Um SW, Kim H, Cho JH. Clinical Effect of Endosonography on Overall Survival in Patients with Radiological N1 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2024; 56:502-512. [PMID: 38062710 PMCID: PMC11016646 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2023.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is unclear whether performing endosonography first in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with radiological N1 (rN1) has any advantages over surgery without nodal staging. We aimed to compare surgery without endosonography to performing endosonography first in rN1 on the overall survival (OS) of patients with NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of patients with rN1 NSCLC between 2013 and 2019. Patients were divided into 'no endosonography' and 'endosonography first' groups. We investigated the effect of nodal staging through endosonography on OS using propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. RESULTS In the no endosonography group, pathologic N2 occurred in 23.0% of patients. In the endosonography first group, endosonographic N2 and N3 occurred in 8.6% and 1.6% of patients, respectively. Additionally, 51 patients were pathologic N2 among 249 patients who underwent surgery and mediastinal lymph node dissection (MLND) in endosonography first group. After PSM, the 5-year OSs were 68.1% and 70.6% in the no endosonography and endosonography first groups, respectively. However, the 5-year OS was 80.2% in the subgroup who underwent surgery and MLND of the endosonography first group. Moreover, in patients receiving surgical resection with MLND, the endosonography first group tended to have a better OS than the no endosonography group in adjusted analysis using various models. CONCLUSION In rN1 NSCLC, preoperative endosonography shows better OS than surgery without endosonography. For patients with rN1 NSCLC who are candidates for surgery, preoperative endosonography may help improve survival through patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Guen Kim
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong-Ho Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goeun Park
- Biomedical Statistics Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Kwan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mog Shim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hye Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungjong Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Um
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hojoong Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choudhary R, Marwah V, Sengupta P, Malik V, Verma S, Pandey I, Kumar TA, Wasan A. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in diagnosing mediastinal lymphadenopathy: Experience from a tertiary care centre. Med J Armed Forces India 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Wi S, Kim BG, Shin SH, Jhun BW, Yoo H, Jeong BH, Lee K, Kim H, Kwon OJ, Han J, Kim J, Um SW. Clinical utility of EBUS-TBNA of hilar, interlobar, and lobar lymph nodes in patients with primary lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:2507-2514. [PMID: 35859356 PMCID: PMC9436691 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is used to evaluate hilar/interlobar/lobar lymph nodes. This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of EBUS‐TBNA for station 10/11/12 lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with primary lung cancer. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of patients with primary lung cancer who underwent EBUS‐TBNA for station 10/11/12 LNs from January 2015 to December 2019. Patients with benign results from EBUS‐TBNA who did not undergo surgical sampling/clinical follow‐up or who received radiotherapy/chemotherapy were excluded. Results The analyses were conducted on 889 LNs from 797 patients. The overall diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value of EBUS‐TBNA were 95.7, 100, 97.3, 93.2, and 100%, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity was significantly lower for LNs <10 mm than ≥10 mm in size (90.1% vs. 97.8%; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in diagnostic performance according to the nodal station (10 vs. 11/12) and left‐ versus right‐sided LNs. The diagnostic sensitivity (100 vs. 95.5%; p = 0.221) and specificity (100 vs. 100%) of N3 LNs was not significantly different from those of N1 LNs. In this study, eight (8/91, 8.8%) patients with cN1 NSCLC received neoadjuvant treatment based on the results of EBUS‐TBNA. Conclusion EBUS‐TBNA accurately evaluates station 10/11/12 LNs of both N1 and N3 disease. The diagnostic performances of EBUS‐TBNA for station 10/11/12 LNs seem to be comparable to those of EBUS‐TBNA for mediastinal LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbum Wi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Guen Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hye Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Ho Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjong Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoong Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - O Jung Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joungho Han
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jhingook Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Um
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Zhang L, Li D, Qi M, Zhang L, Yu H, Wang D, Jiang G, Wang X, Zhu X, Zhang P. Single-Cell Transcriptome Identifies Drug-Resistance Signature and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Metastatic Small Cell Lung Cancer. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:2100060. [PMID: 36618022 PMCID: PMC9744506 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a deadly neuroendocrine malignancy with high metastasis. However, the heterogeneity of metastatic SCLC at the single-cell level remains elusive. The single-cell transcriptome of a total of 24 081 cells in metastatic lymph node samples from seven SCLC patients via endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is examined. Genomic alterations are also examined by whole exome sequencing (WES) and the immune infiltration between SCLC and non-SCLC (NSCLC) is compared using public single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. It is identified that malignant cells in lymph-node metastatic SCLC have inter-patient and intra-tumor heterogeneity characterized by distinct ASCL1 and NEUROD1 expression patterns. High expression of genes such as FZD8 in WNT pathway is associated with drug resistance in malignant cells. Compared to NSCLC, SCLC harbors a unique immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Malignant cells exhibit a pattern of attenuated MHC-I antigen presentation-related gene expression, which is associated with relatively low proportion of exhausted T cells. Natural killer (NK) cells display impaired antitumor function with high expression of TGFBR2. This work characterizes the inter-patient and intra-tumor heterogeneity of metastatic SCLC and uncovers the exhaustion signatures in NK cells, which may pave the way for novel treatments for SCLC including immune checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200433China
- Central LaboratoryShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Dianke Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Mengfan Qi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of PathologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Huansha Yu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Xujun Wang
- SJTU‐Yale Joint Center for BiostatisticsSchool of Life Science and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Xianmin Zhu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200433China
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Chu L, Liu S, Guo T, Zou L, Li B, Ni J, Yang X, Chu X, Liang F, Li Y, Sun Y, Li Q, Yin F, Li G, Zhu Z. Is Performance of Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed tomography (CT) or Contrast-enhanced CT Efficient Enough to Guide the Hilar Lymph Node Staging for Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma? Front Oncol 2022; 12:814238. [PMID: 35280825 PMCID: PMC8914423 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.814238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We evaluated the diagnostic performance of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced CT in the detection of hilar lymph node metastasis (LNM) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to determine their value in guiding hilar lymph node staging and delineating radiation target volume. Methods Consecutive patients with ESCC who underwent both PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT before radical lymphadenectomy and esophagectomy at our institution from September 2009 to November 2018 were enrolled. The sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of FDG-PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT for diagnosing hilar LNM were calculated. Results Of the 174 patients included, contrast-enhanced CT predicted nine positive cases, while PET/CT predicted one, and eight (4.6%) were identified as pathologically positive for their resected hilar lymph nodes. The SE, SP, PPV, and NPV of PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT were 0.000, 0.994, 0.000, and 0.954; and 0.125, 0.952, 0.111, and 0.958, respectively. The specificity showed a significant difference (P=0.037). PET/CT is slightly more specific than contrast-enhanced CT. Conclusions PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT may be useful tools for predicting the negativity of hilar LN status, but they are not recommended for guiding the hilar lymph node staging and the delineating of hilar LNM in radiotherapy planning of ESCC patients based on their low PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqing Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjiao Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yida Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyun Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yin
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengfei Zhu, ; Guodong Li,
| | - Zhengfei Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengfei Zhu, ; Guodong Li,
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Resio BJ, Canavan M, Mase V, Dhanasopon AP, Blasberg JD, Boffa DJ. Invasive Staging Procedures Do Not Prevent Nodal Metastases From Being Missed in Stage I Lung Cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 110:390-397. [PMID: 32283084 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 20% of clinical stage I lung cancer patients harbor lymph node metastases that go undetected (missed) during the clinical staging evaluation. We investigated to what degree the addition of invasive nodal staging procedures to imaging, as currently practiced, prevents radiographically occult nodal metastases from being missed during the clinical staging evaluation. METHODS Treatment-naive patients, imaged by positron emission tomography and computed tomography, who underwent lobectomy for clinical stage I lung cancer from 2012 to 2017 in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database were studied. Rates of missed nodal metastases (MNM) (ie, nodal metastases in lobectomy specimens undetected during clinical staging evaluation) were determined. Risk factors were assessed with multivariable modeling. RESULTS Of the 30,685 clinical stage I patients identified, 3895 (12.7%) underwent preoperative endobronchial ultrasound and 3341 (10.9%) underwent mediastinoscopy. Invasive staging was more common with tumors > 2 cm (66.4% vs 50.2%, P < .001) and squamous histology (26.9% vs 16.9%, P < .001). MNM were discovered in 14.7% of patients, including 20.1% of patients (95% confidence interval, 18.8%-21.5%) who had undergone endobronchial ultrasound and 18.2% (95% confidence interval, 16.7%-19.6%) who had undergone mediastinoscopy. Hilar nodes were most often "missed" (9.5%). Using cut-points in tumor size, histology, laterality, and age, patients could be stratified into particularly high-risk (25% MNM) and low-risk (6% MNM) cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Substantial risk of occult lymph node metastases persists in patients with clinical stage I lung cancer despite negative invasive nodal staging, positron emission tomography, and computed tomography. In the absence of a thorough surgical nodal evaluation, early-stage lung cancer patients are at risk of under-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Resio
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maureen Canavan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Outcomes and Public Policy and Effectiveness Research (COPPER), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vincent Mase
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrew P Dhanasopon
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Justin D Blasberg
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel J Boffa
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Shin HJ, Kim MS, Kho BG, Park HY, Kim TO, Park CK, Oh IJ, Kim YI, Kim YC, Choi YD, Lim SC. Delayed diagnosis of lung cancer due to misdiagnosis as worsening of sarcoidosis: a case report. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:71. [PMID: 32199453 PMCID: PMC7085152 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concurrence of sarcoidosis and primary lung cancer is very rare. We report a very rare case with a delayed diagnosis of primary lung cancer due to its misdiagnosis as worsening of pulmonary sarcoidosis. CASE PRESENTATION A 68-year-old man presented to the outpatient department for evaluation of a mass in the right hilar area with lymphadenopathies in subcarinal and both interlobar areas on chest computed tomography (CT). Sufficient core samples were obtained from subcarinal and bilateral interlobar lymph nodes using endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA). EBUS could not reach the right hilar lymph node due to its high angle. The pathologic findings were consistent with sarcoidosis. After 5 months, chest CT revealed aggravation of the right upper paratracheal lymphadenopathy. Assuming worsening of sarcoidosis, he was prescribed an oral corticosteroid for 5 months. However, follow-up chest CT showed a newly developed right lower paratracheal lymphadenopathy and worsening right hilar lymphadenopathy. Bronchoscopy and EBUS were performed once again. Transbronchial lung biopsy from the right upper lobe and EBUS-TBNA from the right lower paratracheal lymph node revealed adenocarcinoma from the lung. CONCLUSIONS Although coexistence of sarcoidosis and lung cancer is very rare, the clinician should consider the possibility of accompanying lung cancer in sarcoidosis patients who are not responding to initial corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Joon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Gun Kho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Duk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Martinez-Zayas G, Almeida FA, Simoff MJ, Yarmus L, Molina S, Young B, Feller-Kopman D, Sagar AES, Gildea T, Debiane LG, Grosu HB, Casal RF, Arain MH, Eapen GA, Jimenez CA, Noor LZ, Baghaie S, Song J, Li L, Ost DE. A Prediction Model to Help with Oncologic Mediastinal Evaluation for Radiation: HOMER. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:212-223. [PMID: 31574238 PMCID: PMC6961739 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201904-0831oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: When stereotactic ablative radiotherapy is an option for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), distinguishing between N0, N1, and N2 or N3 (N2|3) disease is important.Objectives: To develop a prediction model for estimating the probability of N0, N1, and N2|3 disease.Methods: Consecutive patients with clinical-radiographic stage T1 to T3, N0 to N3, and M0 NSCLC who underwent endobronchial ultrasound-guided staging from a single center were included. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to predict the presence of N0, N1, or N2|3 disease. Temporal validation used consecutive patients from 3 years later at the same center. External validation used three other hospitals.Measurements and Main Results: In the model development cohort (n = 633), younger age, central location, adenocarcinoma, and higher positron emission tomography-computed tomography nodal stage were associated with a higher probability of having advanced nodal disease. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were 0.84 and 0.86 for predicting N1 or higher (vs. N0) disease and N2|3 (vs. N0 or N1) disease, respectively. Model fit was acceptable (Hosmer-Lemeshow, P = 0.960; Brier score, 0.36). In the temporal validation cohort (n = 473), AUCs were 0.86 and 0.88. Model fit was acceptable (Hosmer-Lemeshow, P = 0.172; Brier score, 0.30). In the external validation cohort (n = 722), AUCs were 0.86 and 0.88 but required calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow, P < 0.001; Brier score, 0.38). Calibration using the general calibration method resulted in acceptable model fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow, P = 0.094; Brier score, 0.34).Conclusions: This prediction model can estimate the probability of N0, N1, and N2|3 disease in patients with NSCLC. The model has the potential to facilitate decision-making in patients with NSCLC when stereotactic ablative radiotherapy is an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martinez-Zayas
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and
| | | | - Michael J. Simoff
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lonny Yarmus
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Sofia Molina
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and
| | - Benjamin Young
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David Feller-Kopman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | | | - Thomas Gildea
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Labib G. Debiane
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juhee Song
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Preoperative Staging by EBUS in cN0/N1 Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2020; 26:155-165. [PMID: 30119069 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performance of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for staging the radiologically normal mediastinum has been reported with inconsistent findings. We assessed the sensitivity of systematic staging using EBUS-TBNA for detection of radiologically occult mediastinal metastases in cN0/N1 lung cancer. METHODS Studies evaluating EBUS-TBNA for systematic mediastinal staging in cN0/N1 lung cancer were identified by systematic review. Data extracted included: participant age and sex; EBUS-TBNA protocol; stage determined by radiology, EBUS-TBNA and surgery; 2×2 tables. Primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for detection of unsuspected N2/N3 disease. RESULTS We identified 1173 articles. In total, 13 were included in a qualitative review and 9 (1146 patients) in a quantitative meta-analysis. Mean prevalence of N2/N3 disease was 15% (6% to 24%). EBUS-TBNA had pooled sensitivity of 49% [95% confidence interval (CI), 41%-57%], pooled specificity of 100% (95% CI, 99%-100%), mean negative predictive value 91% (82% to 100%) for detection of unsuspected N2/N3 metastases. Number needed to test to detect occult N2/N3 disease was 14 (95% CI, 10.8-16.3), which halved with addition of per-esophageal endoscopic ultrasound. CONCLUSION Preoperative systematic staging by EBUS-TBNA of early lung cancer can reduce postoperative upstaging. Sensitivity for detection of radiologically occult mediastinal metastases seems lower than selective sampling of pathologic lymph nodes. Verification of negative results by mediastinoscopy in selected cases remains of value.
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10
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Prognostic factor and treatment strategy for clinical N1 non-small cell lung cancer. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 68:261-265. [PMID: 31535276 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-019-01205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical results of clinical N1 disease and to clarify the high-risk clinical N1 subgroup. METHODS Between 1990 and 2012, 137 patients who were clinically diagnosed as having N1 disease were enrolled. Their medical records were reviewed to assess clinical characteristics, radiologic findings, pathologic results, postoperative outcomes, recurrence patterns, and survival. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictive factors for pathologic N2 upstaging. To determine which factors were significantly associated with survival, a multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model was performed. RESULTS More cases were pathological N2 in adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.039). The overall survival rates at 5 years were 54.9%, 36.7% in group upper lobe, middle and lower lobe, respectively (p = 0.013). Logistic regression analyses revealed that #10 positive (p = 0.002, HR 4.625) and adenocarcinoma (p = 0.029, HR 1.544) were significant predictor of pathologic N2 disease. Multivariate analyses revealed that pathologic N2 (p = 0.007, HR 4.186), middle and lower lobe (p = 0.009, HR 2.045) and presence of #10 (p = 0.024, HR 1.871) were independent prognostic factors. Patients with upper lobe and absence of #10 showed a significantly higher 5-year survival rate than patients with middle and lower lobe and presence of #10 (62.1 vs 25.9%: p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with cN1, pathological N2 disease, tumor in middle and lower lobe and clinical #10 lymph node positive were high-risk subgroup. Further analyses using larger numbers of patients with N1 disease from multiple centers are necessary.
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Shanthikumar S, Massie J, Ranganathan S, Schuhmann M, Eberhardt R, Irving LB, Herth FJF, Steinfort DP. Utility of Endobronchial Ultrasound in Assessment of Intrathoracic Lesions in Paediatric Patients. Respiration 2019; 98:340-346. [PMID: 31412340 DOI: 10.1159/000501466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In adults, linear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is the preferred modality to sample intrathoracic adenopathy and radial EBUS is a useful tool to biopsy peripheral pulmonary nodules. Utility in children is less well known. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to review the EBUS experience of two specialist centres to better define the current role of EBUS in paediatric practice. METHODS A retrospective record review of EBUS procedures undertaken in patients aged 0-17 years at the Royal Children's Hospital (Melbourne, Australia) and Thoraxklinik (Heidelberg, Germany) was performed. Data extracted included patient demographics, clinical presentation, bronchoscope (size and model), EBUS technique used, pathologic results, need for further invasive investigation, and complications. RESULTS Between 2008 and 2017, ten EBUS procedures were performed (6 linear EBUS and 4 radial EBUS). No complications were reported. Linear EBUS was performed on subjects who were between 4 and 15 years old, with a 100% diagnostic yield. Radial EBUS was non-diagnostic in three cases of non-malignant disease. In one case, it was used successfully for imaging alone. CONCLUSION Both linear and radial EBUS are safe and feasible in children. Diagnostic yield of linear EBUS was 100%. Radial EBUS did not demonstrate utility, likely reflecting the pathologies of underlying parenchymal masses in paediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, .,Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, .,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
| | - John Massie
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maren Schuhmann
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Eberhardt
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Louis B Irving
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel P Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Shin SY, Hong IK, Jo YS. Quantitative computed tomography texture analysis: can it improve diagnostic accuracy to differentiate malignant lymph nodes? Cancer Imaging 2019; 19:25. [PMID: 31113494 PMCID: PMC6530003 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-019-0214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Mediastinal lymph node (LN) staging in individuals with non-small-cell lung cancer plays an important role in staging and treatment planning. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) texture analysis (CTTA) in differentiating benign and malignant mediastinal LNs. Methods Pathologically confirmed malignant and benign mediastinal LN samples, obtained using endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), were retrospectively reviewed, in addition to chest CT and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake positron emission tomography (PET) data. For each LN, CTTA was performed using “AVIEW” software (Coreline Soft, Republic of Korea) by drawing a region of interest. Results A total of 132 LNs from 80 patients were included and classified into two groups according to pathology results: malignant (n = 61) and benign (n = 71). In EBUS, size > 1 cm, round shape, heterogeneous echogenicity, and presence of coagulation necrosis sign were more prevalent in malignant than in benign LNs; length was the only feature that distinguished the two groups. Among CTTA features, compactness and normalized standard deviation (SD) showed differences between the two groups. The ability to distinguish malignant LNs was higher using high standard uptake value (SUV) on FDG PET/CT (SUVmax ≥ 5) and normalized SD on CTTA (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.739 versus 0.742, respectively); however, normalized SD demonstrated very low sensitivity despite high specificity. Conclusions CTTA may be helpful in distinguishing between benign and malignant LNs; however, the diagnostic value was not high. Therefore, integrated evaluation with other imaging modalities is needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40644-019-0214-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Shin
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ki Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Suk Jo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, KyungHee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Nambirajan A, Longchar M, Madan K, Mallick SR, Kakkar A, Mathur S, Jain D. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration cytology in patients with known or suspected extra-pulmonary malignancies: A cytopathology-based study. Cytopathology 2018; 30:82-90. [PMID: 30444548 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the primary modality for mediastinal lymph node staging in lung carcinoma. We aimed to evaluate its utility in extra-pulmonary malignancies (EPM). METHODS Database search of EBUS-TBNA aspirations (2013-2017) done in patients with known/suspected EPMs and mediastinal lymphadenopathy/masses was performed. All archived cytology/histology material was reviewed and categorised as positive, negative and unsatisfactory. RESULTS The selected 139 patients included 100 patients with known EPMs, 11 patients with known lymphoma, and 28 patients with suspected EPM of unknown primary. EBUS-TBNA was adequate in 110 patients (79%), including 21 patients who yielded only reactive lymphoid tissue. Satisfactory blood clot cores were obtained in 34 patients and contributed significantly to diagnosis and ancillary testing. Metastasis was detected in 45 patients with known EPM, predominantly originating from a known primary in the breast in females (56%) and squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck in males (60%). Granulomatous lymphadenopathy was identified in 16 patients with known EPM (16%). Lymphoma relapse and granulomatous lymphadenopathy were identified in three and four patients with known lymphoma, respectively. In patients with suspected EPM of unknown primary site, malignancy was confirmed in 21 patients, predominantly representing metastatic adenocarcinomas (n = 5) and neuroendocrine neoplasms (n = 5). Immunocytochemistry was performed in 16 of these cases and aided in characterisation of primary site/type of tumour in 12 cases. CONCLUSION EBUS-TBNA is efficient for screening mediastinal lymph nodes/masses for malignancy in EPMs. Procuring sufficient material for ancillary testing would improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce need for resampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Nambirajan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Moanaro Longchar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karan Madan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Aanchal Kakkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Mathur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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14
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Santos RSD, Jacomelli M, Franceschini JP, Suzuki I, Costa ADS, Shiang C, Palomino ALM. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in diagnosis of mediastinal lesions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 16:eAO4094. [PMID: 29768518 PMCID: PMC5998941 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082018ao4094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To describe the results of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in making diagnosis of mediastinal injuries associated to different causes. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study of patients submitted to Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration at a private organization, between June 2013 and October 2016. All cases referred for collection of lymph nodes or peritracheal/peribronchial masses by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, and evaluated through tomography or PET-CT were included. Interventional pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons with experience in the method did the procedures. Rapid on-site evaluation of fine needle aspiration was performed by an experienced pathologist. Material analysis included cytological smear and cytopathological analysis of paraffin-embedded cell blocks. Other specific analyses (immunocytochemistry, tests and cultures of infectious agents) were performed whenever necessary. Results We included 72 patients; 6 were excluded for presenting endobronchial lesions in which bronchoscopic biopsy could be performed, or intrathoracic lesions that were not accessible by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. The mean age of 66 patients included for analysis was 61.17 years (±14.67 years), with a predominance of males (64%). Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was definitive for diagnosis in 60 cases (91%). Three cases (4.5%) had inconclusive test results. There were no major complications related to the procedure. Conclusion Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration had a high diagnosis yield, with minimal morbidity, being an excellent option for diagnostic approach of patients with lymphadenopathy or intrathoracic lesions, and for neoplasm staging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcia Jacomelli
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Iunis Suzuki
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Altair da Silva Costa
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Basille D, Hybiak C, Dayen C, Toublanc B, Douadi Y, Francois G, Rault I, Andrejak C, Berna P, Jounieaux V. [Endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration: Evaluation of clinical practice]. Rev Mal Respir 2018; 35:305-312. [PMID: 29395562 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has undergone a large increase in France since 2007. The aim is to study the evolution of the indications for EBUS-TBNA in our region during the period 2008-2013. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study including all the patients who underwent an EBUS-TBNA procedure in Picardie from 2008 to 2013. The respective proportion for each indication was noted. RESULTS During the study period, 1036 EBUS-TBNA procedures were performed with a continuous increase in number (86 in 2008 versus 275 in 2013). We observed an increase in the proportion of procedures performed for a suspected diagnosis of sarcoidosis (OR=1.31; IC 95% [1.09-1.58]; P=0.005) and for the simultaneous diagnosis and staging of lung cancer (OR=1.12; IC 95% [1.02-1.24]; P=0.022). For the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, we observed an improvement in the diagnostic yield between the periods [2008-2010] and [2011-2013] (42.9% versus 72.5%). CONCLUSION A continuous increase in the number of EBUS-TBNA procedures was observed during the period 2008-2013. It was associated with a modification in practice with an increased proportion of procedures performed for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Basille
- Service de pneumologie et réanimation respiratoire, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France.
| | - C Hybiak
- Service de pneumologie et réanimation respiratoire, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - C Dayen
- Service de pneumologie, maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalier Saint-Quentin, 02321 Saint-Quentin, France
| | - B Toublanc
- Service de pneumologie et réanimation respiratoire, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Y Douadi
- Service de pneumologie, maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalier Saint-Quentin, 02321 Saint-Quentin, France
| | - G Francois
- Service de pneumologie et réanimation respiratoire, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - I Rault
- Service de pneumologie, maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalier Saint-Quentin, 02321 Saint-Quentin, France
| | - C Andrejak
- Service de pneumologie et réanimation respiratoire, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - P Berna
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - V Jounieaux
- Service de pneumologie et réanimation respiratoire, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France
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16
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Crombag LMMJ, Annema JT. Do we understage SABR candidates? Lung Cancer 2017; 117:60-61. [PMID: 28847520 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jouke T Annema
- Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Endobronchial and Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transvascular Biopsy of Mediastinal, Hilar, and Lung Lesions. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 103:951-955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Akthar AS, Ferguson MK, Koshy M, Vigneswaran WT, Malik R. Limitations of PET/CT in the Detection of Occult N1 Metastasis in Clinical Stage I(T1-2aN0) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer for Staging Prior to Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017; 16:15-21. [PMID: 26792491 PMCID: PMC5616110 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615624045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES Patients receiving stereotactic body radiotherapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer are typically staged clinically with positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Currently, limited data exist for the detection of occult hilar/peribronchial (N1) disease. We hypothesize that positron emission tomography-computed tomography underestimates spread of cancer to N1 lymph nodes and that future stereotactic body radiotherapy patients may benefit from increased pathologic evaluation of N1 nodal stations in addition to N2 nodes. MATERIALS/METHODS A retrospective study was performed of all patients with clinical stage I (T1-2aN0) non-small cell lung cancer (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition) by positron emission tomography-computed tomography at our institution from 2003 to 2011, with subsequent surgical resection and lymph node staging. Findings on positron emission tomography-computed tomography were compared to pathologic nodal involvement to determine the negative predictive value of positron emission tomography-computed tomography for the detection of N1 nodal disease. An analysis was conducted to identify predictors of occult spread. RESULTS A total of 105 patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer were included in this study, of which 8 (7.6%) patients were found to have occult N1 metastasis on pathologic review yielding a negative predictive value for N1 disease of 92.4%. No patients had occult mediastinal nodes. The negative predictive value for positron emission tomography-computed tomography in patients with clinical stage T1 versus T2 tumors was 72 (96%) of 75 versus 25 (83%) of 30, respectively ( P = .03), and for peripheral versus central tumor location was 77 (98%) of 78 versus 20 (74%) of 27, respectively ( P = .0001). The negative predictive values for peripheral T1 and T2 tumors were 98% and 100%, respectively; while for central T1 and T2 tumors, the rates were 85% and 64%, respectively. Occult lymph node involvement was not associated with primary tumor maximum standard uptake value, histology, grade, or interval between positron emission tomography-computed tomography and surgery. CONCLUSION Our results support pathologic assessment of N1 lymph nodes in patients with stage Inon-small cell lung cancer considered for stereotactic body radiotherapy, with the greatest benefit in patients with central and T2 tumors. Diagnostic evaluation with endoscopic bronchial ultrasound should be considered in the evaluation of stereotactic body radiotherapy candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil S. Akthar
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark K. Ferguson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Koshy
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wickii T. Vigneswaran
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Renuka Malik
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Franzen D, Schneiter D, Weder W, Kohler M. Impact of sedation technique on the diagnostic accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Endosc Ultrasound 2017; 6:257-263. [PMID: 28663531 PMCID: PMC5579912 DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.190925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is a paucity of data concerning the impact of the sedation technique used for endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) on diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA in deep and moderate sedations, and to investigate other possible determinants of diagnostic accuracy in three lymph node locations (mediastinal, subcarinal, and hilar). Materials and Methods: The first consecutive patients at our institution undergoing EBUS-TBNA for selective sampling in deep sedation were compared with the first consecutive patients in moderate sedation between 2006 and 2014. Diagnoses based on EBUS-TBNA were compared with those on surgical or radiological follow-up. Results: In a total of 232 patients, the overall diagnostic accuracy for correct diagnosis at the mediastinal, subcarinal, and hilar locations irrespective of the sedation technique was 91%, 93%, and 92%, respectively. At the three mentioned lymph node locations, overall diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA in deep sedation compared to moderate sedation was 88.5% and 95.5% (P = 0.3), 93.2 and 93.6% (P = 0.9), and 88.6 and 94.0% (P = 0.4), respectively. Conclusions: The sedation technique does not seem to influence the diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Franzen
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Didier Schneiter
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Weder
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Cetinkaya E, Usluer O, Yılmaz A, Tutar N, Çam E, Özgül MA, Demirci NY. Is endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration an effective diagnostic procedure in restaging of non-small cell lung cancer patients? Endosc Ultrasound 2017. [PMID: 28621292 PMCID: PMC5488518 DOI: 10.4103/eus.eus_3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Selecting the diagnostic procedure for mediastinal restaging after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in Stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains a problem. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for the evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes in the restaging of NSCLC patients. Materials and Methods: The present multicentric study retrospectively analyzed the results of Stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC patients who had undergone EBUS for mediastinal restaging after preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both. Results: In 44 patients with 73 N2 nodes, malignant cells were identified in EBUS-TBNA from 23 patients (57.5%) and 25 lymph nodes (34.2%). Twenty-one patients (42.5%) and 48 lymph nodes (65.8%) were negative for nodal metastasis. All of these patients with negative results subsequently underwent mediastinoscopy or surgery (n = 9 and n = 12, respectively). Metastasis was detected in 5 (23.8%) of 21 patients and 6 (12.5%) of 48 lymph nodes. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predicted value and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA based on number of patients were 82.1%, 100%, 100%, 76.2%, and 88.6%, respectively. Conclusions: EBUS-TBNA should be done before invasive procedures in restaging of the mediastinum in patients previously treated with neoadjuvant therapy because of high diagnostic accuracy rate. However, negative results should be confirmed with invasive procedures such as mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdoğan Cetinkaya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yedikule Chest Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozan Usluer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Izmir Suat Seren Chest Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aydın Yılmaz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Atatürk Chest Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuri Tutar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ertan Çam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yedikule Chest Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Özgül
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yedikule Chest Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Yılmaz Demirci
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Atatürk Chest Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Single Posterior Approach for En-Bloc Resection and Stabilization for Locally Advanced Pancoast Tumors Involving the Spine: Single Centre Experience. Asian Spine J 2016; 10:1047-1057. [PMID: 27994780 PMCID: PMC5164994 DOI: 10.4184/asj.2016.10.6.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Monocentric prospective study. PURPOSE To assess the safety and effectiveness of the posterior approach for resection of advanced Pancoast tumors. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE In patients with advanced Pancoast tumors invading the spine, most surgical teams consider the combined approach to be necessary for "en-bloc" resection to control visceral, vascular, and neurological structures. We report our preliminary experience with a single-stage posterior approach. METHODS We included all patients who underwent posterior en-bloc resection of advanced Pancoast tumors invading the spine in our institution between January 2014 and May 2015. All patients had locally advanced tumors without N2 nodes or distant metastases. All patients, except 1, benefited from induction treatment consisting of a combination of concomitant chemotherapy (cisplatin-VP16) and radiation. RESULTS Five patients were included in this study. There were 2 men and 3 women with a mean age of 55 years (range, 46-61 years). The tumor involved 2 adjacent levels in 1 patient, 3 levels in 1 patient, and 4 levels in 3 patients. There were no intraoperative complications. The mean operative time was 9 hours (range, 8-12 hours), and the mean estimated blood loss was 3.2 L (range, 1.5-7 L). No patient had a worsened neurological condition at discharge. Four complications occurred in 4 patients. Three complications required reoperation and none was lethal. The mean follow-up was 15.5 months (range, 9-24 months). Four patients harbored microscopically negative margins (R0 resection) and remained disease free. One patient harbored a microscopically positive margin (R1 resection) and exhibited local recurrence at 8 months following radiation treatment. CONCLUSIONS The posterior approach was a valuable option that avoided the need for a second-stage operation. Induction chemoradiation is highly suitable for limiting the risk of local recurrence.
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Giuliani ME, Hope A, Mangona V, Guckenberger M, Mantel F, Peulen H, Sonke JJ, Belderbos J, Werner-Wasik M, Ye H, Grills IS. Predictors and Patterns of Regional Recurrence Following Lung SBRT: A Report From the Elekta Lung Research Group. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 18:162-168. [PMID: 27876604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to determine the predictors and patterns of regional recurrence (RR) following stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for primary lung cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Details of patient factors, treatment, and outcome factors were extracted from a multi-institutional (5) database. All events were calculated from the end of radiotherapy. Estimates of local recurrence, RR, and distant metastases (DM) were calculated using the competing risk method. Cause-specific and overall survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Details of locations and number of simultaneous RRs were categorized by lymph node anatomic station. RESULTS A total of 734 patients were analyzed. The median follow-up was 3.0 years in surviving patients. Four hundred seventy-six (65%) patients had pathologic proof of disease. There were 64 patients with RR. The 2-year local recurrence, RR, and distant metastases rates were 5.6%, 9.0%, and 14.6% respectively. The 2-year cause-specific and overall survival were 89.9% and 63.7%, respectively. There were 136 simultaneous sites of RR. There were 21 recurrences in stations 4R (15.4%), 9 (6.6%) in 4L, 30 (22%) in 7, 19 (13.9%) in 10R, and 14 (10.3%) in 10L. The most common stations for isolated recurrence (n = 19) were station 7 (n = 5; 26.3%) and station 10R (n = 6; 31.6%). The most common RR levels were stations 4 and 7 for right and left upper lobe, stations 5, 7, and 10 for left lower lobe tumors, and stations 7 and 10 for right lower lobe tumors. CONCLUSION Stations 4, 7, and 10 were the most common stations for RR. These patterns of recurrence may guide nodal staging procedures prior to SBRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E Giuliani
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Andrew Hope
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Victor Mangona
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Matthias Guckenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Frederick Mantel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Peulen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Jakob Sonke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José Belderbos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Werner-Wasik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Inga S Grills
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
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Guo W, Hao B, Chen HJ, Zhao L, Luo ZM, Wu H, Sun L. PET/CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of FDG-avid metastatic bone lesions in patients with advanced lung cancer: a safe and effective technique. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 44:25-32. [PMID: 27444682 PMCID: PMC5121178 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose 18F-FDG PET/CT should be performed before a diagnostic biopsy site is chosen in patients with a high clinical suspicion of aggressive, advanced tumour. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in guiding biopsy of bone metastases in patients with advanced lung cancer. Methods PET/CT-guided percutaneous core biopsies were performed in 51 consecutive patients with suspected lung cancer and 18F-FDG-avid bone lesions after whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Generally, one tissue sample was obtained from each patient. The final diagnoses were established on the basis of the histology results. The histopathological and molecular testing results were systematically evaluated. Results A total of 53 samples were obtained for histological examination or molecular testing as a second biopsy was required in two patients in whom the pathological diagnosis was unclear following the first biopsy. The pathological diagnosis and lung cancer classification were confirmed in 48 patients. The epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status was determined in 23 biopsies, and the mutation rate was 30.4 % (7/23). The anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutation status was determined in 19 biopsies, and the mutation rate was 31.6 % (6/19). Two of the 51 biopsies were positive for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and one was positive for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The first-time diagnostic success rate of biopsy was 96.1 % (49/51) and the overall diagnostic success rate and sensitivity were 100 %. All 51 patients were eventually confirmed as having stage IV disease. No serious complications were encountered and the average biopsy time was 30 min. Conclusion PET/CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of 18F-FDG-avid bone metastases is an effective and safe method that yields a high diagnostic success rate in the evaluation of hypermetabolic bone lesions in patients with suspected advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Rd., Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Bing Hao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Rd., Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Hao-Jun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Rd., Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Rd., Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Zuo-Ming Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Rd., Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Rd., Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Rd., Xiamen, 361003, China.
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Peeters ST, Dooms C, Van Baardwijk A, Dingemans AMC, Martinussen H, Vansteenkiste J, Decaluwé H, De Leyn P, Yserbyt J, Nackaerts K, De Wever W, Deroose CM, De Ruysscher D. Selective mediastinal node irradiation in non-small cell lung cancer in the IMRT/VMAT era: How to use E(B)US-NA information in addition to PET-CT for delineation? Radiother Oncol 2016; 120:273-8. [PMID: 27291644 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FDG-PET-CT-based selective lymph node (LN) irradiation is standard using 3D-conformal techniques for locally advanced NSCLC. With newer techniques (intensity-modulated/volumetric-arc therapy (IMRT/VMAT)), the dose to non-involved adjacent LN decreases, which raises the question whether FDG-PET-CT-delineation is still safe. We therefore evaluated the impact of adding linear endosonography with needle aspiration (E(B)US-NA) to FDG-PET-CT in selective nodal irradiation. METHODS Based on literature data on sensitivity and specificity of E(B)US-NA in FDG-PET-CT-staged NSCLC, false negative (FN) rates for different constellations of CT, PET and E(B)US-NA were calculated. The algorithm was tested on consecutive patients with N2/N3 disease referred for radiotherapy in Leuven and Maastricht. RESULTS An algorithm determining when to include LN in the GTV is proposed, based on data from 5 meta-analyses. Adding E(B)US-NA to FDG-PET-CT decreases the FN-rate, but for PET-positive and E(B)US-negative LN, FN rates are still 14-16%. In Leuven 520 LN were analyzed, in Maastricht 364 LN; with E(B)US-NA a geographical miss was avoided in 2 (2/40=5%) and 1 (1/28=4%) patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS E(B)US-NA in addition to FDG-PET-CT for mediastinal staging decreases the risk of a geographical miss with 4-5%. The impact of this small decrease on survival is unknown. The proposed algorithm may guide the radiation oncologist when to include LN in the nodal GTV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Dooms
- Respiratory Oncology (Pneumology), University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angela Van Baardwijk
- Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Clinic), GROW, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johan Vansteenkiste
- Respiratory Oncology (Pneumology), University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Herbert Decaluwé
- Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul De Leyn
- Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas Yserbyt
- Respiratory Oncology (Pneumology), University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristiaan Nackaerts
- Respiratory Oncology (Pneumology), University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven/KU Leuven, Belgium; Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Clinic), GROW, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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Endoscopic Mediastinal Staging in Lung Cancer Is Superior to “Gold Standard” Surgical Staging. Ann Thorac Surg 2016; 101:547-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kang HK, Um SW, Jeong BH, Lee KJ, Kim H, Kwon OJ, Han J. The Utility of Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in Patients with Small-cell Lung Cancer. Intern Med 2016; 55:1061-6. [PMID: 27150855 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Most small-cell lung cancers (SCLCs) are located within the central aspect of the chest and manifest as a mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) makes it possible to perform mediastinal and hilar nodal examinations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of SCLC. Methods The diagnostic performances of EBUS-TBNA and/or transesophageal bronchoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA-B/E) were calculated using the standard definitions. Patients The study consisted of a retrospective review of the medical records for all patients with histologically proven SCLC who previously underwent EBUS-TBNA and/or EUS-FNA-B/E from May 2009 to September 2014. Results The analysis was based on 161 patients and 299 aspirated specimens. The patient group included 144 males (89%); the median age was 66 years. EBUS-TBNA and/or EUS-FNA-B/E were performed in 239 mediastinal nodes, 39 hilar/interlobar nodes, and 21 lung parenchymal lesions. The median short diameter of the biopsied lesions was 17 mm. The overall sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA and/or EUS-FNA-B/E on a per-person basis were 97.4%, 100%, 60%, 100%, and 97.5%, respectively. The corresponding values on a per-lesion basis were 91.8%, 100%, 73.0%, 100%, and 93.3%, respectively. There were no serious complications related to EBUS-TBNA. Conclusion In our series of patients with SCLC, EBUS-TBNA had an excellent diagnostic yield in the evaluation of mediastinal, hilar and lung parenchymal lesions. Thus, EBUS-TBNA could be a useful and safe diagnostic method with which to evaluate patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Koo Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea
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Predicted extracapsular invasion of hilar lymph node metastasis by fusion positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients with lung cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:1035-1040. [PMID: 26623046 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative detection of hilar lymph node metastasis, particularly with extracapsular invasion, may affect the surgical procedure in patients with lung cancer, as the preoperative estimation of hilar lymph node metastasis is unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to investigate whether fusion positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is able to predict extracapsular invasion of hilar lymph node metastasis. Between April, 2007 and April, 2013, 509 patients with primary lung cancer underwent surgical resection at our institution, among whom 28 patients exhibiting hilar lymph node metastasis (at stations 10 and 11) were enrolled in this study. A maximum lymph node standardized uptake value of >2.5 in PET scans was interpreted as positive. A total of 17 patients had positive preoperative PET/CT findings in their hilar lymph nodes, while the remaining 11 had negative findings. With regard to extracapsular nodal invasion, the PET/CT findings (P=0.0005) and the histological findings (squamous cell carcinoma, P=0.05) were found to be significant predictors in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the PET/CT findings were the only independent predictor (P=0.0004). The requirement for extensive pulmonary resection (sleeve lobectomy, bilobectomy or pneumonectomy) was significantly more frequent in the patient group with positive compared with the group with negative PET/CT findings (76 vs. 9%, respectively, P=0.01). Therefore, the PET/CT findings in the hilar lymph nodes were useful for the prediction of extracapsular invasion and, consequently, for the estimation of possible extensive pulmonary resection.
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Sturgis CD, Brainard JA, Sethi S, Farver CF, Budev MM, Mazzone PJ, Abdul-Karim FW. Endobronchial ultrasonography-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, an effective modality for sampling targeted thoracic lesions in adult lung transplant recipients. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2015; 4:321-326. [PMID: 31051746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung transplantation (LTx) is performed for end-stage lung diseases that would be otherwise fatal. Pulmonary allograft recipients are a unique patient population as they are at high risk for malignancy and infectious complications due to the need for immunosuppression. Endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a minimally invasive technique for evaluating abnormalities of the mediastinum/lungs. To our knowledge, this report is the first in the literature addressing targeted EBUS-FNA biopsies in patients who have undergone LTx. MATERIAL AND METHODS During 5 years from May 1, 2009 to May 1, 2014, 582 patients underwent LTx at the Cleveland Clinic. A review of records indicated that 14 of these patients later underwent EBUS-FNA. Demographic and diagnostic parameters were recorded. RESULTS A total of 14 patients (mean age 64 years) underwent EBUS-FNA after LTx. The mean interval between LTx and EBUS-FNA was 15 months. EBUS-FNA yielded cytologic material diagnostic of malignancy in 10 patients (71%) with one-half of those cases being squamous carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS EBUS-FNA is a useful diagnostic modality in lung allograft recipients and is of value in confirming and staging thoracic malignancies in this population. Carcinoma subtyping is feasible by EBUS-FNA, and performance of ancillary studies to confirm clonality in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Sturgis
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Jennifer A Brainard
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sonali Sethi
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carol F Farver
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Marie M Budev
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Fadi W Abdul-Karim
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
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Kim MP, Correa AM, Hofstetter W, Mehran R, Rice DC, Roth JA, Vaporciyan AA, Walsh GL, Erasmus JJ, Swisher SG. Limitations of 18F-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography in N1 Detection in Patients With Pathologic Stage II-N1 and Implications for Management. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:414-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Setzer M, Robinson LA, Vrionis FD. Management of locally advanced pancoast (superior sulcus) tumors with spine involvement. Cancer Control 2015; 21:158-67. [PMID: 24667403 DOI: 10.1177/107327481402100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preferred treatment for locally aggressive lung cancers is triple modality therapy with concurrent and induction chemotherapy with radiation therapy followed by surgery. Patients with locally advanced T4 Pancoast tumors with spine involvement, without mediastinal N2 lymph node involvement and without distant metastases, are appropriate candidates for complete resection with subsequent spine reconstruction. This review addresses the questions of whether triple modality therapy with complete en bloc resection of locally advanced Pancoast tumors offers an advantage in terms of overall survival and complication rates compared with other therapeutic modalities or therapies with incomplete resection. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using common medical databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the articles were prospectively defined. The articles were independently reviewed and a consensus decision was made about each article. Selected papers were graded by level of evidence. RESULTS A total of 1,001 abstracts and 93 articles fulfilled the criteria; from these studies, 14 were included in this systematic review. No level 1 study was found in this search. Four level 2 studies and 10 level 3 retrospective case series were found. The overall 5-year survival rate reported in these studies ranged from 37% to 59% and the mortality rate ranged from 0% to 6.9%. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that triple modality therapy with complete resection of locally advanced Pancoast tumors with involvement of the spine offers an advantage over other therapeutic modalities or therapies with incomplete resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Setzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Colella S, Vilmann P, Konge L, Clementsen PF. Endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Endosc Ultrasound 2014; 3:205-12. [PMID: 25485267 PMCID: PMC4247527 DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.144510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the role of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and esophageal ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in the pretherapeutic assessment of patients with proven or suspected lung cancer. EUS-FNA and EBUS-TBNA have been shown to have a good diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. In the future, these techniques in combination with positron emission tomography/computed tomographic may replace surgical staging in patients with suspected and proven lung cancer, but until then surgical staging remains the gold standard for adequate preoperative evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Colella
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Peter Vilmann
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lars Konge
- Centre for Clinical Education, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jhun BW, Um SW, Suh GY, Chung MP, Kim H, Kwon OJ, Han J, Lee KJ. Clinical value of endobronchial ultrasound findings for predicting nodal metastasis in patients with suspected lymphadenopathy: a prospective study. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:1632-8. [PMID: 25469062 PMCID: PMC4248583 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.12.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether sonographic findings can provide additional diagnostic yield in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), and can more accurately predict nodal metastasis than chest computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scans. EBUS-TBNA was performed in 146 prospectively recruited patients with suspected thoracic lymph node involvement on chest CT and PET/CT from June 2012 to January 2013. Diagnostic yields of EBUS finding categories as a prediction model for metastasis were evaluated and compared with findings of chest CT, PET/CT, and EBUS-TBNA. In total, 172 lymph nodes were included in the analysis: of them, 120 were malignant and 52 were benign. The following four EBUS findings were predictive of metastasis: nodal size ≥10 mm, round shape, heterogeneous echogenicity, and absence of central hilar structure. A single EBUS finding did not have sufficient diagnostic yield; however, when the lymph node had any one of the predictive factors on EBUS, the diagnostic yields for metastasis were higher than for chest CT and PET/CT, with a sensitivity of 99.1% and negative predictive value of 83.3%. When any one of predictive factors is observed on EBUS, subsequent TBNA should be considered, which may provide a higher diagnostic yield than chest CT or PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Um
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gee Young Suh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Pyo Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hojoong Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - O Jung Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joungho Han
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jong Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Luo GY, Cai PQ, He JH, Li JJ, Li Y, Shan HB, Zhang R, Gao XY, Lao XM, Xu GL. Application of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the management of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy without intrapulmonary mass: experience from the largest cancer center of southern China. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:1533-8. [PMID: 23723003 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is useful for lung cancer diagnosis and lymph node staging. The purpose of this study was to investigate EBUS-TBNA for managing mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies without intrapulmonary masses. We retrospectively reviewed our EBUS-TBNA database that was obtained between August 2010 and October 2012. Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies of unknown origin and in the absence of known pulmonary malignancies were included. Final diagnoses were determined by EBUS-TBNA, surgery, and/or clinical follow-up for at least 6 months. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values were determined using standard statistical methods. We identified 128 patients with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies and without intrapulmonary masses. EBUS-TBNA was successfully performed to obtain samples from 161 lymph nodes and mediastinal masses. EBUS-TBNA was diagnostic for 119 of 128 patients (93.0%) for all disease categories. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy of EBUS-TBNA were 89.8, 100, 100, 81.6, and 93.0%, respectively. The procedures were uneventful and there were no severe complications. EBUS-TBNA is a safe, minimally invasive approach for diagnosing mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies without intrapulmonary masses. It obviates the need for more invasive procedures for tissue sampling of the mediastinum and hilum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-yu Luo
- Department of Endoscopy and Laser, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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Pipkin M, Keshavjee S. Staging of the Mediastinum. Lung Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118468791.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Backhus L, Puneet B, Bastawrous S, Mariam M, Michael M, Varghese T. Radiographic evaluation of the patient with lung cancer: surgical implications of imaging. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2014; 42:84-98. [PMID: 23683850 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Despite many advances in treatment, surgery remains the preferred treatment modality for patients presenting with early stage disease. Imaging is critical in the preoperative evaluation of these patients being considered for a curative resection. Advanced imaging techniques provide valuable information, including primary diagnostics, staging, and intraoperative localization for suspected lung cancer. Knowledge of surgical implications of imaging findings can aid both radiologists and surgeons in delivering safe and effective care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Backhus
- Surgery Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Dong X, Qiu X, Liu Q, Jia J. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96:1502-1507. [PMID: 23993894 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we assessed the pooled sensitivity and specificity of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in studies during the last 10 years that have solely used EBUS-TBNA as a minimally invasive technique, with or without computed tomography or positron-emission tomography screening. The meta-analysis included 1,066 patients from 9 studies who underwent EBUS-TBNA. The results show EBUS-TBNA is a potential technique for the investigation, diagnosis, and staging of non-small cell lung cancer among patients with suspected lung cancer. It has excellent sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. EBUS-TBNA is well tolerated and does not lead to complications in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Dong
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochun Qiu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jack Jia
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Yasufuku K, Nakajima T, Waddell T, Keshavjee S, Yoshino I. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for differentiating N0 versus N1 lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96:1756-60. [PMID: 23953728 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for differentiating cN0 versus cN1 non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS A retrospective review of EBUS-TBNA results in patients with potentially resectable clinical N0 or N1 non-small cell lung cancer based on computed tomography and positron emission tomography was performed. Systematic mediastinal and hilar lymph node sampling was performed by EBUS-TBNA. Lymph nodes larger than 5 mm in short axis or suspicious nodes were targeted. In the absence of N2 or N3 disease, patients underwent resection with lymph node dissection. RESULTS A total of 981 patients underwent EBUS-TBNA during the study period, of which 163 patients met the study criteria. There were 94 cN0 and 69 cN1 patients. A total of 453 lymph nodes (338 mediastinal and 115 N1 lymph nodes, average 2.8 nodes/patient) were sampled. Endobronchial ultrasound upstaged 9 (5.5%) patients to N2 disease, but was falsely negative in the mediastinum in 7 (4.3%) patients. In cN0 patients, EBUS confirmed N0 in 87 (53.4%) and upstaged in 7 (4.3%, N1 in 1, N2 in 6). In cN1 patients, EBUS confirmed N1 in 19 (11.7%), downstaged in 47 (28.8%), and upstaged in 3 (1.8%). The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA to accurately differentiate between N0 and N1 disease was 76.2%, 100%, 96.6%, and 96.2%, respectively. The accuracy of mediastinal staging was 95.7%. CONCLUSIONS Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration can accurately access the hilar and interlobar lymph nodes in patients with potentially resectable lung cancer. Accurate assessment of cN0 versus cN1 by EBUS-TBNA may be used to guide induction therapy before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Prognosis of unexpected and expected pathologic N1 non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96:969-75; discussion 975-6. [PMID: 23916803 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to compare clinicopathologic features and survival between patients with unexpected N1 (clinical N0-pathologic N1) and expected N1 disease (clinical N1-pathologic N1) after operation for non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS From 2003 to 2009, 305 patients who were found to have pathologic N1 disease after complete resection were retrospectively analyzed. Among these, 177 patients had negative findings for both computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT (group cN0). Sixty-eight patients had negative CT and positive PET/CT or positive CT and negative PET/CT findings (group cN0-1). Sixty patients had positive findings for both CT and PET/CT (group cN1). RESULTS Patients in the cN1 group had larger tumors (p<0.001), greater pathologic T stage (p=0.018), and greater percentage of squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.001) than did those in the other groups. Patients in the cN1 group had a greater number of positive N1 lymph nodes (p=0.004) and more frequent extracapsular nodal invasion (p<0.001). The 5-year overall survival was 66%, 63%, and 58% in groups cN0, cN0-1, and cN1, respectively (cN0 vs cN0-1, p=0.958; cN0 vs cN1, p=0.038). The 5-year disease-free survival was 54%, 52%, and 39% in groups cN0, cN0-1, and cN1, respectively (cN0 vs cN0-1, p=0.862; cN0 vs cN1, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Patients with unexpected N1 disease showed better survival than did those with expected N1 disease, which seemed to be related to the pathologically minimal extent of the primary tumor and nodal involvement.
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Bugalho A, Ferreira D, Barata R, Rodrigues C, Dias SS, Medeiros F, Carreiro L. [Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for lung cancer diagnosis and staging in 179 patients]. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2013; 19:192-9. [PMID: 23850376 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppneu.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linear endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an important minimally invasive procedure for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) staging. It is also a valid method for diagnosing extraluminal lesions adjacent to the tracheobronchial tree. AIM To evaluate our EBUS-TBNA performance regarding diagnostic yield, safety and learning curve for lung cancer diagnosis and staging. MATERIAL AND METHODS All patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA for lung cancer diagnosis or staging were included. They were divided into three different groups: paratracheal and parabronchial masses sent for diagnosis (Group 1); peripheral lung lesions with abnormal mediastinal lymph nodes sent for diagnosis and staging (Group 2); NSCLC patients sent for mediastinal staging (Group 3). The learning curve was assessed for yield, accuracy, procedure time, size and number of lesions punctured per patient. RESULTS A total of 179 patients were included and 372 lesions were punctured. The overall yield and accuracy were 88% and 92.7%, respectively. In Group 1, EBUS-TBNA was performed in 48 patients and sensitivity was 86.1% and accuracy was 87.5%. For the 87 patients included in Group 2, yield was 86.7%, accuracy was 93.1% and cancer prevalence was 51.7%. The diagnostic yield and accuracy in Group 3 was 95% and 97.7% respectively. EBUS-TBNA practice led to an increase number of sites punctured per patient in a shorter time, without complications. CONCLUSION EBUS-TBNA is an effective method for diagnosing and staging lung cancer patients. The procedure is clearly safe. Handling and performance improves with the number of procedures executed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bugalho
- Unidade de Técnicas Invasivas Pneumológicas, Pneumologia II, Hospital Pulido Valente, Lisboa, Portugal; Unidade de Pneumologia de Intervenção, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal; Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Estado actual del tratamiento del cáncer pulmonar. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(13)70200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Karnak D, Ciledağ A, Ceyhan K, Atasoy C, Akyar S, Kayacan O. Rapid on-site evaluation and low registration error enhance the success of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy. Ann Thorac Med 2013; 8:28-32. [PMID: 23440066 PMCID: PMC3573554 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (EMN) is a novel technology which allows localizing peripheral lung lesions and mediastinal lymph nodes for sampling and thus increasing diagnostic yield of Flexible Bronchoscopy. OBJECTIVES: A prospective study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic yield of EMN with lower average fiducial target registration error (AFTRE) and rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). METHODS: Consecutive patients with peripheral lung lesion (PL) or enlarged mediastinal lymph node (MLN) which could not be diagnosed by conventional techniques and/or if the patients were not suitable for such interventions were included. The navigation procedure was continued once registration error was reached below/equal to the absolute value of 5 mm. ROSE was performed by an expert cytopathologist. RESULTS: A total of 76 patients; 22 having only PLs, 41 having only MLNs, and 13 having both PLs and MLNs together were enrolled. Thirty-two of 35 PLs (91.4%) and 85 of 102 MLNs (83.3%) were successfully sampled. Overall diagnostic yield was 89.5%. PLs and MLNs were further grouped according to their size (PLs: <20 mm vs ≥20 mm, MLNs: <15 mm vs ≥15 mm). The sampling yield was independent of size for both PL and MLN (P = 1.00, P = 0.38). In diagnostic EMN cases, mean AFTRE was 4.33 ± 0.71 mm, whereas it was 5.16 ± 0.05 mm (P = 0.008) in nondiagnostics. The total duration of procedure was 36.17 ± 9.13 min. Pneumothorax was observed in three patients (3.9%). CONCLUSION: EMN with low AFTRE in combination with ROSE is a reliable method with high sampling and/or diagnostic rate in PLs and MLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Karnak
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Bonifazi M, Zuccatosta L, Trisolini R, Moja L, Gasparini S. Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: A Systematic Review on Predictors of a Successful Aspirate. Respiration 2013; 86:123-34. [DOI: 10.1159/000350466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Tedde ML, Figueiredo VR, Terra RM, Minamoto H, Jatene FB. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis and staging of mediastinal lymphadenopathy: initial experience in Brazil. J Bras Pneumol 2012; 38:33-40. [PMID: 22407038 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132012000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a new method for the diagnosis and staging of mediastinal lymph nodes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the preliminary results obtained with EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of lesions and mediastinal lymph node staging. METHODS We evaluated patients with tumors or mediastinal adenopathy, diagnosed with or suspected of having lung cancer. The procedures were performed with the patients under sedation or under general anesthesia. Material was collected by EBUS-TBNA, after which it was prepared on slides, fixed in either absolute alcohol (for cytology) or formalin (for cell-block analysis). RESULTS We included 50 patients (30 males). The mean age was 58.3 ± 13.5 years. We performed 201 biopsies of 81 lymph nodes or mediastinal masses (mean of 2.5 punctures/biopsy). The quantity of material was considered sufficient for cytology in 37 patients (74%), 21 (57%) of whom were thus diagnosed with malignancy. Of the remaining 16 patients, 1 was diagnosed with tuberculosis, 6 entered clinical follow-up, and 9 underwent further investigation (2 diagnosed with neoplasm-false-negative results). The yield was higher when the procedure was performed for diagnostic purposes, as well as being higher in patients with lesions in multiple stations and in biopsies involving the subcarinal lymph node station. One patient had endobronchial bleeding, which was resolved with local measures. There were no deaths among the patients evaluated. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary experience shows that EBUS-TBNA is a safe procedure. Our diagnostic yield, although lower than that reported in the literature, was consistent with the learning curve for the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Lia Tedde
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Kokkonouzis I, Strimpakos AS, Lampaditis I, Tsimpoukis S, Syrigos KN. The role of endobronchial ultrasound in lung cancer diagnosis and staging: a comprehensive review. Clin Lung Cancer 2012; 13:408-15. [PMID: 22694791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) technology is a relatively new bronchoscopic method of visualizing the tracheobronchial tree, the surrounding pulmonary parenchyma, and the mediastinal structures, with a particular role in lung cancer diagnosis, staging, and treatment. There are 2 types of probes used in EBUS: the peripheral or radial probe (RP) and the linear or convex probe (CP) EBUS, which have technical differences and distinct diagnostic abilities. Both are used for EBUS-guided biopsies and transbronchial needle aspirations (TBNA), which increases the diagnostic yield over conventional bronchoscopic techniques, thus providing advanced information on staging, diagnosis, and treatment. Complications of EBUS are rare, and they are usually related to the underlying biopsy procedure and the operator's experience. EBUS examination duration is usually short, and it can be performed as an outpatient procedure. Interestingly, EBUS combinations with other current and evolving techniques, eg, electromagnetic navigation, are feasible and have a role in therapeutic interventions and molecular diagnostics. In conclusion, EBUS is a safe and accurate technique that is comparable with current criterion standard procedures, eg, mediastinoscopy. More training is required for the vast majority of respiratory physicians, and precise diagnostic algorithms are needed so that more patients benefit from this development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kokkonouzis
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Kużdżał J, Szlubowski A. Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial and Transesophageal Needle Biopsy in the Mediastinal Staging of Lung Cancer. Thorac Surg Clin 2012; 22:191-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Douadi Y, Dayen C, Lachkar S, Fournier C, Thiberville L, Ramon P, François G, Jounieaux V. Échoendoscopie endobronchique (EBUS) : le point de la question. Rev Mal Respir 2012; 29:475-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ernst A, Anantham D. Update on interventional bronchoscopy for the thoracic radiologist. J Thorac Imaging 2012; 26:263-77. [PMID: 22009080 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0b013e318221ec03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interventional bronchoscopy, together with other domains of interventional pulmonology, has experienced tremendous technological advances. Diagnostic applications include endobronchial ultrasound, which enables endoscopists to see through airway walls. White light videobronchoscopy, autofluorescence imaging, and narrow band imaging have enhanced the ability to detect early lung cancer at a preinvasive stage. Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy, ultrathin bronchoscopy, and virtual bronchoscopy increase the diagnostic yield of biopsy of small peripheral lung lesions. The options that are currently available for the relief of central airway obstruction are also numerous, with both flexible and rigid bronchoscopic applications. Stents, although dichotomized to silicone and metal, come in various sizes and shapes to suit the requirements of the pathology being treated. Ablative techniques are categorized into those with an immediate effect and those with a delayed effect. Laser, electrocautery, and argon plasma coagulation can immediately relieve obstruction and control hemoptysis, whereas cryosurgery, brachytherapy, and photodynamic therapy have established roles in subacute airway obstruction and in the treatment of early lung cancer. Microdebriders have recently been added to the armamentarium of modalities for mechanical debulking of tumor. Distal airway obstruction has also been targeted with bronchial thermoplasty treatment of refractory asthma and with bronchoscopic lung volume reduction for the management of severe emphysema. This array of new technology has fostered collaborative work with a wide range of other medical specialties to deliver safer, more effective, minimally invasive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ernst
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, St Elizabeth Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Jhun BW, Park HY, Jeon K, Koh WJ, Suh GY, Chung MP, Kim H, Kwon OJ, Han J, Um SW. Nodal stations and diagnostic performances of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27:46-51. [PMID: 22219613 PMCID: PMC3247774 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no accurate data on the relationship between nodal station and diagnostic performance of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). We evaluated the impact of nodal station and size on the diagnostic performance of EBUS-TBNA in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Consecutive patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA of mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes for staging or diagnosis of NSCLC were included in this retrospective study. Between May 2009 and February 2010, EBUS-TBNA was performed in 373 mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes in 151 patients. The overall diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and negative predictive value (NPV) of EBUS-TBNA were 91.6%, 98.6%, 93.8%, and 84.3%, respectively. NPV of the left side nodal group was significantly lower than those of the other groups (P = 0.047) and sensitivity of the left side nodal group tended to decrease (P = 0.096) compared with those of the other groups. Diagnostic sensitivity and NPV of 4L lymph node were 83.3% and 66.7%, respectively. However, diagnostic performances of EBUS-TBNA did not differ according to nodal size. Bronchoscopists should consider the impact of nodal stations on diagnostic performances of EBUS-TBNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Yun Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeongman Jeon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Jung Koh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gee Young Suh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Pyo Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hojoong Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - O Jung Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joungho Han
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Um
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Rusch VW. Mediastinoscopy: An obsolete procedure? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142:1400-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Yasufuku K, Pierre A, Darling G, de Perrot M, Waddell T, Johnston M, da Cunha Santos G, Geddie W, Boerner S, Le LW, Keshavjee S. A prospective controlled trial of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration compared with mediastinoscopy for mediastinal lymph node staging of lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142:1393-400.e1. [PMID: 21963329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to compare endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) with mediastinoscopy for mediastinal lymph node staging of potentially resectable non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS Patients with confirmed or suspected non-small cell lung cancer who required mediastinoscopy to determine suitability for lung cancer resection were entered into the trial. All patients underwent EBUS-TBNA followed by mediastinoscopy under general anesthesia. If both were negative for N2 or N3 disease, the patient underwent pulmonary resection and mediastinal lymphadenectomy. RESULTS Between July 2006 and August 2010, 190 patients were registered in the study, 159 enrolled, and 153 were eligible for analysis. EBUS-TBNA and mediastinoscopy sampled an average of 3 and 4 lymph node stations per patient, respectively. The mean short axis of the lymph node biopsied by EBUS-TBNA was 6.9 ± 2.9 mm. The prevalence of N2/N3 disease was 35% (53/153). There was excellent agreement between EBUS-TBNA and mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging in 136 patients (91%; Kappa, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-0.9). Specificity and positive predictive value for both techniques were 100%. The sensitivity, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy for mediastinal lymph node staging for EBUS-TBNA and mediastinoscopy were 81%, 91%, 93%, and 79%, 90%, 93%, respectively. No significant differences were found between EBUS-TBNA and mediastinoscopy in determining the true pathologic N stage (McNemar's test, P = .78). There were no complications from EBUS-TBNA. Minor complications from mediastinoscopy were observed in 4 patients (2.6%). CONCLUSIONS EBUS-TBNA and mediastinoscopy achieve similar results for the mediastinal staging of lung cancer. As performed in this study, EBUS-TBNA can replace mediastinoscopy in patients with potentially resectable non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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