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Parra ER, Zhang J, Jiang M, Tamegnon A, Pandurengan RK, Behrens C, Solis L, Haymaker C, Heymach JV, Moran C, Lee JJ, Gibbons D, Wistuba II. Immune cellular patterns of distribution affect outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2364. [PMID: 37185575 PMCID: PMC10130161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the cellular geographic distribution in non-small cell lung cancer is essential to understand the roles of cell populations in this type of tumor. In this study, we characterize the spatial cellular distribution of immune cell populations using 23 makers placed in five multiplex immunofluorescence panels and their associations with clinicopathologic variables and outcomes. Our results demonstrate two cellular distribution patterns-an unmixed pattern mostly related to immunoprotective cells and a mixed pattern mostly related to immunosuppressive cells. Distance analysis shows that T-cells expressing immune checkpoints are closer to malignant cells than other cells. Combining the cellular distribution patterns with cellular distances, we can identify four groups related to inflamed and not-inflamed tumors. Cellular distribution patterns and distance are associated with survival in univariate and multivariable analyses. Spatial distribution is a tool to better understand the tumor microenvironment, predict outcomes, and may can help select therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Roger Parra
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mei Jiang
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Auriole Tamegnon
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Carmen Behrens
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa Solis
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Victor Heymach
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cesar Moran
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack J Lee
- Departments of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Don Gibbons
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio Ivan Wistuba
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Ma B, Luo Y, Xu W, Han L, Liu W, Liao T, Yang Y, Wang Y. LINC00886 Negatively Regulates Malignancy in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinology 2023; 164:7023373. [PMID: 36726346 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid cancer. This study aimed to identify specific long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with ATC, and further investigated their biological functions and molecular mechanism underlying regulation of malignancy in ATC. We searched for lncRNAs associated with dedifferentiation and screened out specific lncRNAs significantly deregulated in ATC by using transcriptome data of dedifferentiation cancers from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The above lncRNAs were analyzed to identify a potential biomarker in thyroid cancer patients from the FUSCC, GEO, and The Cancer Genome Atlas, which was then investigated for its functional roles and molecular mechanism in ATC in vitro. The clinicopathological association analyses revealed that LINC00886 expression was significantly correlated with dedifferentiation and suppressed in ATC. In vitro, LINC00886 was confirmed to negatively regulate cell proliferation, and cell migration and invasion of ATC. LINC00886 physically interacted with protein kinase R (PKR) and affected its stability through the ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation pathway in the ATC cell. Decreased PKR caused by downregulation of LINC00886 enhanced the activity of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) via reducing phosphorylation of eIF2α and thus promoted protein synthesis to maintain ATC malignancy. Our findings identify LINC00886 as a novel biomarker of thyroid cancer and suggest that LINC00886/PKR/eIF2α signaling is a potential therapeutic target in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Litao Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Wu B, Song M, Dong Q, Xiang G, Li J, Ma X, Wei F. UBR5 promotes tumor immune evasion through enhancing IFN-γ-induced PDL1 transcription in triple negative breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5086-5102. [PMID: 35836797 PMCID: PMC9274738 DOI: 10.7150/thno.74989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The up-regulation of PD-L1 is recognized as an adaption of cancer cells to evade immune surveillance and attack. However, the intrinsic mechanisms of the induction of PD-L1 by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in tumor microenvironment remain incompletely characterized. Ubiquitin ligase E3 component N-recognition protein 5 (UBR5) has a critical role in tumorigenesis of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) by triggering specific immune responses to the tumor. Dual targeting of UBR5 and PD-L1 exhibited superior therapeutic benefits in a preclinical TNBC model in short term. Methods: The regulation of UBR5 to PD-L1 upon IFN-γ stimulation was evaluated through in UBR5 deficiency, reconstitution or overexpression cell line models by quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and RNA-seq. The effects of PD-L1 regulation by UBR5 and double blockade of both genes were evaluated in mouse TNBC model. Luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and bioinformatics analysis were performed to explore the transcription factors involved in the regulation of UBR5 to PD-L1. Results: E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR5 plays a key role in IFN-γ-induced PDL1 transcription in TNBC in an E3 ubiquitination activity-independent manner. RNA-seq-based transcriptomic analyses reveal that UBR5 globally affects the genes in the IFN-γ-induced signaling pathway. Through its poly adenylate binding (PABC) domain, UBR5 enhances the transactivation of PDL1 by upregulating protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR), and PKR's downstream factors including signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). Restoration of PD-L1 expression in UBR5-deficient tumor cells recoups their malignancy in vivo, whereas CRISPR/Cas9-mediated simultaneous abrogation of UBR5 and PD-L1 expression yields synergistic therapeutic benefits than either blockade alone, with a strong impact on the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: This study identifies a novel regulator of PDL1 transcription, elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms and provides a strong rationale for combination cancer immunotherapies targeting UBR5 and PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wu
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Qun Dong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Xiang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,✉ Corresponding author: Fang Wei, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minghang, Shanghai 200240, China. Phone: 86-21-34205287; Fax: 86-21-34205287; E-mail: ; Xiaojing Ma,
| | - Fang Wei
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Fang Wei, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minghang, Shanghai 200240, China. Phone: 86-21-34205287; Fax: 86-21-34205287; E-mail: ; Xiaojing Ma,
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Yaegashi LB, Baldavira CM, Prieto TG, Machado-Rugolo J, Velosa APP, da Silveira LKR, Assato A, Ab'Saber AM, Falzoni R, Takagaki T, Silva PL, Teodoro WR, Capelozzi VL. In Situ Overexpression of Matricellular Mechanical Proteins Demands Functional Immune Signature and Mitigates Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714230. [PMID: 34484217 PMCID: PMC8415570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a complex cancer biome composed of malignant cells embedded in a sophisticated tumor microenvironment (TME) combined with different initiating cell types, including immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. However, little is known about these tumors’ immune-matricellular relationship as functional and mechanical barriers. This study investigated 120 patients with NSCLC to describe the immune-matricellular phenotypes of their TME and their relationship with malignant cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to characterize immune checkpoints (PD-L1, LAG-3, CTLA-4+, VISTA 1), T cells (CD3+), cytotoxic T cells (CD8+, Granzyme B), macrophages (CD68+), regulatory T cells (FOXP3+, CD4+), natural killer cells (CD57+), and B lymphocytes (CD20+), whereas CAFs and collagen types I, III, and V were characterized by immunofluorescence (IF). We observed two distinct functional immune-cellular barriers—the first of which showed proximity between malignant cells and cytotoxic T cells, and the second of which showed distant proximity between non-cohesive nests of malignant cells and regulatory T cells. We also identified three tumor-associated matricellular barriers: the first, with a localized increase in CAFs and a low deposition of Col V, the second with increased CAFs, Col III and Col I fibers, and the third with a high amount of Col fibers and CAFs bundled and aligned perpendicularly to the tumor border. The Cox regression analysis was designed in two steps. First, we investigated the relationship between the immune-matricellular components and tumor pathological stage (I, II, and IIIA), and better survival rates were seen in patients whose tumors expressed collagen type III > 24.89 fibers/mm². Then, we included patients who had progressed to pathological stage IV and found an association between poor survival and tumor VISTA 1 expression > 52.86 cells/mm² and CD3+ ≤ 278.5 cells/mm². We thus concluded that differential patterns in the distribution of immune-matricellular phenotypes in the TME of NSCLC patients could be used in translational studies to predict new treatment strategies and improve patient outcome. These data raise the possibility that proteins with mechanical barrier function in NSCLC may be used by cancer cells to protect them from immune cell infiltration and immune-mediated destruction, which can otherwise be targeted effectively with immunotherapy or collagen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juliana Machado-Rugolo
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Health Technology Assessment Center (NATS), Clinical Hospital (HCFMB), Medical School of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pereira Velosa
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Assato
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Falzoni
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teresa Takagaki
- Division of Pneumology, Instituto do Coração (Incor), University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walcy Rosolia Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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El-Kott AF, ElBealy ER, Alshehri AS, El-Kenawy AE, Khalifa HS, AlRamlawy AM. Salidroside induces cell apoptosis and inhibits the invasiveness of HT29 colorectal cells by regulating protein kinase R, NF-κB and STAT3. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:13-25. [PMID: 33749640 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinase R (PKR) can suppress various types of solid tumors by inducing cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis. Likewise, Slaidorside, a plant flavonoid, was shown to have anti-tumorigenesis in many solid tumors. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated anti-tumorigenesis of Salidroside in HT29 colorectal cancer and investigated if the underlying mechanism involves activation of PKR. METHODS Control or PKR deficient cells were cultured in DMEM media treated with 100 μM Salidroside and cell survival, apoptosis, and other biochemical-related markers were evaluated. RESULTS Salidroside significantly reduced cell survival and proliferation and increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and levels of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). It also increased the protein levels of caspases 3 and 8. Concomitantly, Salidroside increased the protein level and activity of PKR and increased the expression of its downstream targets, p-eIF2α (Ser51), p53 MAPK, and p53. On the contrary, it inhibited the nuclear activation of STAT-3 and NF-κB p65. In PKR deficient cells, the partial effects of Salidroside on cell survival, proliferation, and apoptotic markers were observed coincided with no effects on the expression of eIF-2α, and JNK, p53, p38 MAPK, and caspase 8 but with a significant decrease in the nuclear activities of STAT3 and NF-κB. CONCLUSION Salidroside suppresses the tumorigenesis of HT29 CRC by increasing activation of eIF-2α and JNK and upregulation of p53, p38 MAPK, and caspase-8 through upregulating and activation of PKR. However, the tumor suppressor effect of Salidroside requires also inhibition of STAT3 and NF-κB in a PKR-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Eman R ElBealy
- Biology Department, College of Science for Girls, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alshehri
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman E El-Kenawy
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba S Khalifa
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Amira M AlRamlawy
- Mansoura Research Centre for Cord Stem Cell (MARC-CSC), Stem Cells Bank, Children's Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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6
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Wilson K, Shiuan E, Brantley-Sieders DM. Oncogenic functions and therapeutic targeting of EphA2 in cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:2483-2495. [PMID: 33686241 PMCID: PMC8035212 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
More than 25 years of research and preclinical validation have defined EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase as a promising molecular target for clinical translation in cancer treatment. Molecular, genetic, biochemical, and pharmacological targeting strategies have been extensively tested in vitro and in vivo, and drugs like dasatinib, initially designed to target SRC family kinases, have been found to also target EphA2 activity. Other small molecules, therapeutic targeting antibodies, and peptide-drug conjugates are being tested, and more recently, approaches harnessing antitumor immunity against EphA2-expressing cancer cells have emerged as a promising strategy. This review will summarize preclinical studies supporting the oncogenic role of EphA2 in breast cancer, lung cancer, glioblastoma, and melanoma, while delineating the differing roles of canonical and noncanonical EphA2 signaling in each setting. This review also summarizes completed and ongoing clinical trials, highlighting the promise and challenges of targeting EphA2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalin Wilson
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Eileen Shiuan
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dana M Brantley-Sieders
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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7
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Cioce M, Fazio VM. EphA2 and EGFR: Friends in Life, Partners in Crime. Can EphA2 Be a Predictive Biomarker of Response to Anti-EGFR Agents? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040700. [PMID: 33572284 PMCID: PMC7915460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eph receptors represent the largest group among Receptor Tyrosine kinase (RTK) families. The Eph/ephrin signaling axis plays center stage during development, and the deep perturbation of signaling consequent to its dysregulation in cancer reveals the multiplicity and complexity underlying its function. In the last decades, they have emerged as key players in solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC); however, what causes EphA2 to switch between tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting function is still an active theater of investigation. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding EphA2 function in cancer, with detail on the molecular determinants of the oncogene-tumor suppressor switch function of EphA2. We describe tumor context-specific examples of EphA2 signaling and the emerging role EphA2 plays in supporting cancer-stem-cell-like populations and overcoming therapy-induced stress. In such a frame, we detail the interaction of the EphA2 and EGFR pathway in solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. We discuss the contribution of the EphA2 oncogenic signaling to the resistance to EGFR blocking agents, including cetuximab and TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cioce
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.M.F.)
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8
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Nguyen TA, Bieging-Rolett KT, Putoczki TL, Wicks IP, Attardi LD, Pang KC. SIDT2 RNA Transporter Promotes Lung and Gastrointestinal Tumor Development. iScience 2019; 20:14-24. [PMID: 31546103 PMCID: PMC6817685 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNautophagy is a newly described type of selective autophagy whereby cellular RNAs are transported into lysosomes for degradation. This process involves the transmembrane protein SIDT2, which transports double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) across the endolysosomal membrane. We previously demonstrated that SIDT2 is a transcriptional target of p53, but its role in tumorigenesis, if any, is unclear. Unexpectedly, we show here that Sidt2−/− mice with concurrent oncogenic KrasG12D activation develop significantly fewer tumors than littermate controls in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Consistent with this observation, loss of SIDT2 also leads to enhanced survival and delayed tumor development in an Apcmin/+ mouse model of intestinal cancer. Within the intestine, Apcmin/+;Sidt2−/− mice display accumulation of dsRNA in association with increased phosphorylation of eIF2α and JNK as well as elevated rates of apoptosis. Taken together, our data demonstrate a role for SIDT2, and by extension RNautophagy, in promoting tumor development. Loss of the SIDT2 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) transporter leads to accumulation of dsRNA in tissues is associated with increased apoptosis reduces tumor burden in mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma and intestinal cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan A Nguyen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn T Bieging-Rolett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian P Wicks
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ken C Pang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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9
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Matveeva OV, Chumakov PM. Defects in interferon pathways as potential biomarkers of sensitivity to oncolytic viruses. Rev Med Virol 2018; 28:e2008. [PMID: 30209859 PMCID: PMC6906582 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased sensitivity of cancer cells to viruses is a prerequisite for the success of oncolytic virotherapy. One of the major causes of such a phenotype is the disruption of innate antiviral defenses associated with dysfunction of type 1 interferons (IFNs) that permits unlimited replication of viruses in cancer cells. Defects in IFN pathways help cancer progression by providing additional advantages to tumor cells. However, while these defects promote the survival and accelerated proliferation of malignant cells, they facilitate viral replication and thus enhance the efficiency of viral oncolysis. This review describes a broad spectrum of defects in genes that participate in IFN induction and IFN response pathways. Expression levels and/or functional activities of these genes are frequently low or absent in cancer cells, making them sensitive to virus infection. Therefore, certain specific defects in IFN signaling cascades might serve as potential biomarkers to help in identifying individual cancer patients who are likely to benefit from oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter M Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia.,Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Comparison of Different Antibody Clones for Immunohistochemistry Detection of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) on Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:83-93. [PMID: 28719380 PMCID: PMC5815635 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a major immune checkpoint protein that mediates antitumor immune suppression and response. Preliminary data suggest that its detection using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues may predict clinical response to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. In diagnostic pathology, it is essential to count with a validated IHC that can reliably detect PD-L1-positive cases. The present study was conducted to compare and validate different PD-L1 commercial clones and identify which ones can be reliably used by surgical pathologist to detect PD-L1 expression in human cancer tissues. Eight commercial available PD-L1 clones were tested and compared with a noncommercial PD-L1 antibody clone 5H1. Western blot and IHC using cell lines and human tissues were used to validate these clones. From all PD-L1 antibodies, only the clones E1L3N, E1J2J, SP142, 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 passed the Western blot and IHC validation, providing similar pattern than the clone 5H1 and then they were tested in 259 non–small cell lung cancer cases placed in 9 tissue microarrays. Among all cases, only those with ≥2 cores were included (185 cases). Positive and significant correlation was found between the median PD-L1 H-score in tumor and stroma compartments, for all selected antibodies. Overall, 56 of 185 cases were detected as positive cases in malignant cells expressing membranous PD-L1 by all the clones. However, the clone SP263 identified more PD-L1-positive cases compared with the other clones. Our results show that clones E1L3N, E1J2J, SP142, 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 provide positive membrane staining pattern comparable with clone 5H1. These commercial clones are comparable, but a careful evaluation by the pathologist is necessary to minimize error of positive misinterpretations.
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11
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Pataer A, Shao R, Correa AM, Behrens C, Roth JA, Vaporciyan AA, Wistuba II, Swisher SG. Major pathologic response and RAD51 predict survival in lung cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2405-2414. [PMID: 29673125 PMCID: PMC6010873 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we determined that major pathologic response (MPR) as indicated by the percentage of residual viable tumor cells predicted overall survival (OS) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we assessed whether two genes and five protein biomarkers could predict MPR and OS in 98 patients with NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We collected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of resected NSCLC tumors from 98 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We identified mutations in KRAS and EGFR genes using pyrosequencing and examined the expression of protein markers VEGFR2, EZH2, ERCC1, RAD51, and PKR using immunohistochemistry. We assessed whether gene mutation status or protein expression was associated with MPR or OS. We observed that KRAS mutation tended to be associated with OS (P = .06), but EGFR mutation was not associated with OS. We found that patients with high RAD51 expression levels had a poorer prognosis than did those with low RAD51 expression. We also observed that RAD51 expression was associated with MPR. MPR and RAD51 expression were associated with OS in univariate and multivariate analyses (P = .04 and P = .02, respectively). Combination of MPR with RAD51 is a significant predictor of prognosis in patients with NSCLC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We demonstrated that MPR or RAD51 expression was associated with OS in patients with NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Prediction of a patient's prognosis could be improved by combined assessment of MPR and RAD51 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apar Pataer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Ruping Shao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Arlene M. Correa
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Jack A. Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Ara A. Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Ignacio I. Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular PathologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Stephen G. Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
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12
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Hao C, Shao R, Raju U, Fang B, Swisher SG, Pataer A. Accumulation of RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) in the nuclei of lung cancer cells mediates radiation resistance. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38235-38242. [PMID: 27203671 PMCID: PMC5122385 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that radiation induced cell death in PKR (−/−) deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) but not in PKR (+/+) wild type MEFs. Our study indicated that PKR can also be involved in survival pathways following radiation therapy through activation of the AKT survival pathways in these MEFs is mediated in part through PKR. The role of PKR on radiation sensitivity in cancer cells has not been evaluated. In this study, we demonstrated that radiation treatment causes nuclear translocation of PKR in human lung cancer cells. The transduction of lung cancer cells with a dominant negative adenoviral PKR vector blocks nuclear translocation of PKR and leads to the reversal of radiation resistance. Plasmid transduction of lung cancer cells with nuclear targeted wild type PKR vectors also increased radiation resistance. This effect is selectively abrogated by plasmid transduction of dominant negative PKR vectors which restore radiation sensitivity. These findings suggest a novel role for PKR in lung cancer cells as a mediator of radiation resistance possibly through translocation of the protein product to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncheng Hao
- Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Current Address: Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, the Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruping Shao
- Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Uma Raju
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Apar Pataer
- Departments of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Tang C, Hobbs B, Amer A, Li X, Behrens C, Canales JR, Cuentas EP, Villalobos P, Fried D, Chang JY, Hong DS, Welsh JW, Sepesi B, Court L, Wistuba II, Koay EJ. Development of an Immune-Pathology Informed Radiomics Model for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1922. [PMID: 29386574 PMCID: PMC5792427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing use of immunotherapy agents, pretreatment strategies for identifying responders and non-responders is useful for appropriate treatment assignment. We hypothesize that the local immune micro-environment of NSCLC is associated with patient outcomes and that these local immune features exhibit distinct radiologic characteristics discernible by quantitative imaging metrics. We assembled two cohorts of NSCLC patients treated with definitive surgical resection and extracted quantitative parameters from pretreatment CT imaging. The excised primary tumors were then quantified for percent tumor PDL1 expression and density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (via CD3 count) utilizing immunohistochemistry and automated cell counting. Associating these pretreatment radiomics parameters with tumor immune parameters, we developed an immune pathology-informed model (IPIM) that separated patients into 4 clusters (designated A-D) utilizing 4 radiomics features. The IPIM designation was significantly associated with overall survival in both training (5 year OS: 61%, 41%, 50%, and 91%, for clusters A-D, respectively, P = 0.04) and validation (5 year OS: 55%, 72%, 75%, and 86%, for clusters A-D, respectively, P = 0.002) cohorts and immune pathology (all P < 0.05). Specifically, we identified a favorable outcome group characterized by low CT intensity and high heterogeneity that exhibited low PDL1 and high CD3 infiltration, suggestive of a favorable immune activated state. We have developed a NSCLC radiomics signature based on the immune micro-environment and patient outcomes. This manuscript demonstrates model creation and validation in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Brian Hobbs
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Amer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaime Rodriguez Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edwin Parra Cuentas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Fried
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joe Y Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James W Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laurence Court
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eugene J Koay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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14
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Clinical and therapeutic potential of protein kinase PKR in cancer and metabolism. Expert Rev Mol Med 2017; 19:e9. [PMID: 28724458 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase R (PKR, also called EIF2AK2) is an interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA protein kinase with multiple effects on cells that plays an active part in the cellular response to numerous types of stress. PKR has been extensively studied and documented for its relevance as an antiviral agent and a cell growth regulator. Recently, the role of PKR related to metabolism, inflammatory processes, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases has gained interest. In this review, we summarise and discuss the involvement of PKR in several cancer signalling pathways and the dual role that this kinase plays in cancer disease. We emphasise the importance of PKR as a molecular target for both conventional chemotherapeutics and emerging treatments based on novel drugs, and its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for several pathologies. Finally, we discuss the impact that the recent knowledge regarding PKR involvement in metabolism has in our understanding of the complex processes of cancer and metabolism pathologies, highlighting the translational research establishing the clinical and therapeutic potential of this pleiotropic kinase.
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15
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Parra ER, Behrens C, Rodriguez-Canales J, Lin H, Mino B, Blando J, Zhang J, Gibbons DL, Heymach JV, Sepesi B, Swisher SG, Weissferdt A, Kalhor N, Izzo J, Kadara H, Moran C, Lee JJ, Wistuba II. Image Analysis-based Assessment of PD-L1 and Tumor-Associated Immune Cells Density Supports Distinct Intratumoral Microenvironment Groups in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:6278-6289. [PMID: 27252415 PMCID: PMC5558040 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the correlation between immunohistochemical PD-L1 expression and tumor-associated immune cells (TAICs) density in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and correlated them with clinicopathologic variables. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor tissue specimens from 254 stage I-III NSCLCs [146 adenocarcinomas; 108 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs)] were examined. PD-L1 expression in malignant cells and macrophages and the density of TAICs expressing CD3, CD4, CD8, CD57, granzyme B, CD45RO, PD-1, FOXP3, and CD68 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and image analysis. RESULTS Malignant cells PD-L1 H-score > 5 was detected in 23% of adenocarcinomas and 31% of SCCs, and no significant differences were detected comparing both histologies; the median H-score in macrophages was significantly higher in SCC than in adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001). In adenocarcinoma, high malignant cells PD-L1 expression and high TAIC density correlated with solid histology, smoking history, and airflow limitation. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high CD57-positive cell density correlated with better recurrence-free survival (RFS; P = 0.0236; HR, 0.457) and overall survival (OS; P = 0.0261; HR, 0.481) rates for SCC. High CD68-positive cell density in intratumoral compartment correlated with better RFS (P = 0.0436; HR, 0.553) for adenocarcinoma. The combination of low CD4/CD8/C68-positive cell density and PD-L1 H-score >5 in malignant cells identified small subset of adenocarcinomas with worse outcomes (RFS: P = 0.036; HR, 4.299; OS: P = 0.00034; HR, 5.632). CONCLUSIONS We detected different PD-L1 expression and TAIC density patterns in NSCLC. Distinct groups of tumor microenvironment correlated with NSCLC clinicopathologic features, including outcome. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6278-89. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CD57 Antigens/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Tumor Microenvironment/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin R Parra
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara Mino
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jorge Blando
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Julie Izzo
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Humam Kadara
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cesar Moran
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack J Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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16
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Lasithiotaki I, Tsitoura E, Koutsopoulos A, Lagoudaki E, Koutoulaki C, Pitsidianakis G, Spandidos DA, Siafakas NM, Sourvinos G, Antoniou KM. Aberrant expression of miR-21, miR-376c and miR-145 and their target host genes in Merkel cell polyomavirus-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 8:112371-112383. [PMID: 29348831 PMCID: PMC5762516 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel Cell Polyoma Virus (MCPyV) infection has been associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Viruses can manipulate cellular miRNAs or have a profound impact on cellular miRNA expression to control host regulatory pathways. In this study, we evaluated the expression profiles of cancer-associated and virally affected host microRNAs miR-21, miR-145, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-302c, miR-367 and miR-376c in a series of NSCLC tissue samples as well as in samples from “healthy” sites, distant from the tumour region that were either positive or negative for MCPyV DNA. miR-21 and miR-376c were significantly upregulated whereas miR-145 was significantly downregulated in the MCPyV+ve samples compared to the MCPyV-ve tumour samples. Overall, miR-21 and miR-376c expression was higher in tumour compared to healthy tissue samples. No association was observed between the miR-155, miR-146a, miR-302c and miR-367 levels and the presence of MCPyV. The expression of miR-21 target genes (Pten, Bcl-2, Daxx, Pkr, Timp3), miR-376c (Grb2, Alk7, Mmp9) and miR-145 (Oct-4, Sox2, Fascin1) and their associated pathways (Braf, Akt-1, Akt-2, Bax, Hif1a, p53) was altered between MCPyV+ve tumor samples and their corresponding controls. These results show a novel association between miR-21, miR-376c and miR-145 and their host target genes with the presence of MCPyV, suggesting a mechanism of virus-specific microRNA signature in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismini Lasithiotaki
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University Hospital, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete 71110, Greece
| | - Eliza Tsitoura
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete 71110, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete 71110, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Lagoudaki
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete 71110, Greece
| | - Chara Koutoulaki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete 71110, Greece
| | - George Pitsidianakis
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University Hospital, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete 71110, Greece
| | - Nikolaos M Siafakas
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University Hospital, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - George Sourvinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete 71110, Greece
| | - Katerina M Antoniou
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University Hospital, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion Crete 71110, Greece
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17
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Shen W, Xi H, Zhang K, Cui J, Li J, Wang N, Wei B, Chen L. Prognostic role of EphA2 in various human carcinomas: a meta-analysis of 23 related studies. Growth Factors 2014; 32:247-53. [PMID: 25418013 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2014.984806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic role of EphA2 in human carcinomas remains controversial. We systematically reviewed the evidence of assessment of EphA2 expression in cancers to help clarify this issue. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched to identify eligible studies to evaluate the association of EphA2 expression and overall survival (OS) of cancers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled to estimate the effect. EphA2 overexpression was significantly correlated with poor OS of patients with cancer (HR: 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65-2.28). Subgroup analysis also indicated a significant relation between EphA2 overexpression and OS in gastric cancer (HR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.48-2.59). However, there was no significant relation between EphA2 overexpression and OS in lung cancer (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.93-1.83). Our analyses demonstrate that EphA2 overexpression was effectively predictive of worse prognosis in various human carcinomas. For certain cancers, EphA2 might be a marker of poor prognosis in patients with cancer, except for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital , Beijing , China
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18
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Marchal JA, Lopez GJ, Peran M, Comino A, Delgado JR, García-García JA, Conde V, Aranda FM, Rivas C, Esteban M, Garcia MA. The impact of PKR activation: from neurodegeneration to cancer. FASEB J 2014; 28:1965-74. [PMID: 24522206 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-248294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An inverse association between cancer and neurodegeneration is plausible because these biological processes share several genes and signaling pathways. Whereas uncontrolled cell proliferation and decreased apoptotic cell death governs cancer, excessive apoptosis contributes to neurodegeneration. Protein kinase R (PKR), an interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA protein kinase, is involved in both diseases. PKR activation blocks global protein synthesis through eIF2α phosphorylation, leading to cell death in response to a variety of cellular stresses. However, PKR also has the dual role of activating the nuclear factor κ-B pathway, promoting cell proliferation. Whereas PKR is recognized for its negative effects on neurodegenerative diseases, in part, inducing high level of apoptosis, the role of PKR activation in cancer remains controversial. In general, PKR is considered to have a tumor suppressor function, and some clinical data show a correlation between suppressed or inactivated PKR and a poor prognosis for several cancers. However, other studies show high PKR expression and activation levels in various cancers, suggesting that PKR might contribute to neoplastic progression. Understanding the cellular factors and signals involved in the regulation of PKR in these age-related diseases is relevant and may have important clinical implications. The present review highlights the current knowledge on the role of PKR in neurodegeneration and cancer, with special emphasis on its regulation and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Marchal
- 1University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Azpitarte sn., Granada E-18012, Spain.
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