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Holubekova V, Mersakova S, Grendar M, Snahnicanova Z, Kudela E, Kalman M, Lasabova Z, Danko J, Zubor P. The Role of CADM1 and MAL Promoter Methylation in Inflammation and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:256-263. [PMID: 32311274 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study investigated the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the methylation status of the promoters of the cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) gene and T lymphocyte maturation associated protein (MAL) gene in patients with cervicitis/inflammation and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Materials and Methods: Cervical specimens (n = 47) were collected from women with normal cervical cytology (n = 21) and those with cervical abnormalities (n = 26). The presence of HPV infection was confirmed by an HPV DNA test and an HPV mRNA test (Aptima HPV test). Methylation levels of the CADM1 and MAL promoters were evaluated by pyrosequencing. Results: Compared with the HPV DNA test, the Aptima HPV test improved specificity from 57% to 70% for the detection of inflammation and/or CIN type 1 (CIN1) or more advanced conditions (CIN1+). The methylation level of the CADM1 and MAL promoters was 1.5 times higher in inflammatory samples, compared with normal cervical cytology (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Selected 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' islands within the promoters of the CADM1 and MAL genes were differentially methylated in the inflammatory samples compared with the CIN samples. These results suggested that methylation likely occurred following tissue disruption, and the detection of persistent inflammation might be associated with a higher risk of lesion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Holubekova
- Division of Oncology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Sandra Mersakova
- Division of Oncology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marian Grendar
- Bioinformatic Unit, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Snahnicanova
- Division of Oncology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kudela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Michal Kalman
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zora Lasabova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Danko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Division of Oncology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
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Meršaková S, Holubeková V, Grendár M, Višňovský J, Ňachajová M, Kalman M, Kúdela E, Žúbor P, Bielik T, Lasabová Z, Danko J. Methylation of CADM1 and MAL together with HPV status in cytological cervical specimens serves an important role in the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:7166-7174. [PMID: 30546453 PMCID: PMC6256340 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common type of cancer affecting the female population. The development of CC takes several years, and involves a precancerous stage known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). A key factor in the development of disease is the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which initiates carcinogenesis. Furthermore, CC is also impacted by epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, which causes activation or exclusion of certain genes, and the hypermethylation of cytosines in promoters, thereby switching off previously active genes. The majority of DNA methylation events occur at cytosine-guanine nucleotides, which in the human genome are known as CpG islands. The aim of the present study was to investigate the methylation levels in intronic sequences of the two tumor suppressor genes cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) and T-lymphocyte maturation associated protein (MAL) using cytological samples and to identify potential biomarkers involved in CIN by pyrosequencing. DNA was isolated from cervical smears from patients with CINs, with healthy patients serving as a control group. Samples were converted by treatment with sodium bisulfite and subsequent pyrosequencing to detect the methylation status of the selected genes. The presence of HPV DNA infection analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction, was detected in each sample. Of the total number of samples (n=91), the present study confirmed the presence of one or two high-risk subtypes of HPV in 39 cases (42.85%) and HPV infection was significantly associated with CIN2+ lesions. For the two genes (MAL and CADM1) the present study confirmed that the median methylation was significantly higher in HPV positive patients [P=0.0097, 95% confidence interval (CI): (−0.030, −0.003)/P=0.0024, 95% CI: (−0.06, −0.01)] when compared with patients negative for HPV DNA infection, and the average methylation was demonstrated to be increased with the degree of cervical lesion. The present study used logistical regression to model the dependence between the case/control statuses (control group vs. Dg. 1–4). The area under the curve values for MAL were: 84% for cervical inflammation, 71% for CIN1, 73.4% for CIN2+ and 77% for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); and for CADM1 were: 88.6% for cervical inflammation, 68% for CIN1, 80% for CIN2+ and 89% for SCC. The present study confirmed that there were statistically significant differences between the methylation levels of individual CpGs and significantly higher median methylation in patients positive for HPV16/18. CADM1 exhibited higher levels of methylation in almost every study group when compared with MAL during the transition of CIN and appeared to be a promising biomarker for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Meršaková
- Division of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Holubeková
- Division of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marián Grendár
- Bioinformatic Unit, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Višňovský
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Ňachajová
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Michal Kalman
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kúdela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Žúbor
- Division of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Bielik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zora Lasabová
- Division of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ján Danko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Survivin and gynaecological tumours. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:295-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Holubeková V, Mendelová A, Grendár M, Meršaková S, Kapustová I, Jašek K, Vaňochová A, Danko J, Lasabová Z. Methylation pattern of CDH1 promoter and its association with CDH1 gene expression in cytological cervical specimens. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2613-2621. [PMID: 27703524 PMCID: PMC5038866 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in females worldwide. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is essential but insufficient to cause cervical cancer, and the clearance of HPV infection is mediated by the immune system. The deficit of molecules responsible for adhesion may play a role in the development of cervical cancer. E-cadherin is encoded by the cadherin 1 (CDH1) gene, and is involved in cell adhesion by forming adherens junctions. The aim of present study was to investigate the methylation pattern of the CDH1 promoter and to identify the association between CDH1 promoter hypermethylation, CDH1 gene expression and HPV infection in cervical specimens obtained from 93 patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), high-grade SILs or squamous cell carcinomas, and from 47 patients with normal cervical cytology (HPV-negative). The methylation pattern of the CDH1 promoter was investigated by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and quantitative pyrosequencing. CDH1 gene expression was measured by relative quantification. CDH1 methylation was significantly higher in both types of lesions and in cervical cancer than in normal samples, and CDH1 gene expression was significantly reduced during SIL progression (P=0.0162). However, the influence of HPV infection or HPV E6 expression on the methylation pattern of the CDH1 gene or its gene expression levels could not be confirmed. The present results support that the methylation of the CDH1 gene is age-related in patients with cervical lesions (P=0.01085), and therefore, older patients could be more susceptible to cancer than younger patients. The important methylation of the CDH1 promoter occurred near the transcription factor binding sites on nucleotides -13 and +103, which are close to the translational start codon. These results suggest that methylation at these sites may be an important event in the transcriptional regulation of E-cadherin, and in patients harboring these methylated cytosines, this event may facilitate HPV-driven carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Holubeková
- Department of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Mendelová
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marián Grendár
- Bioinformatic Unit, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Sandra Meršaková
- Department of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Kapustová
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karin Jašek
- Department of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Vaňochová
- Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Danko
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zora Lasabová
- Department of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia; Department of Molecular Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Center Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Mersakova S, Nachajova M, Szepe P, Kasajova PS, Halasova E. DNA methylation and detection of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions using molecular methods. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:23-7. [PMID: 26459314 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer disease affecting the female population, and a key factor in the development of the disease is the human papillomavirus infection (HPV). The disease is also impacted by epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, which causes activation or exclusion of certain genes. The aim of our review is to summarize and compare the most common molecular methods for detection of methylated promoter regions in biomarkers occurring in cervical carcinoma and also show the importance of connections of HR-HPV testing with methylation analysis in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Insight into genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with cervical cancer development can offer opportunities for the molecular biomarkers that can be useful for screening, diagnosis, and also as new ways of treatment of cervical cancer precursor lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mersakova
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4 A, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Nachajova
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4 A, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Szepe
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Petra Sumichrastova Kasajova
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4 A, Martin, 036 01, Slovakia
| | - Erika Halasova
- BioMed Martin-Division of Molecular Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
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Telomerase and the process of cervical carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7335-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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