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Tsampazis N, Vavoulidis E, Margioula-Siarkou C, Symeonidou M, Intzes S, Papanikolaou A, Dinas K, Daniilidis A. The Diagnostic Accuracy of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy-Assisted Colposcopy, HPV mRNA Test, and P16/Ki67 Immunostaining as CIN2+ Predictors in Greek Population. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1379. [PMID: 39001269 PMCID: PMC11240963 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)-assisted colposcopy in detecting CIN2+ Greek women towards standalone colposcopy, HPV mRNA testing, and p16/Ki67 immunostaining. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional observational study at the Cervical Pathology Clinic of the 2nd Obstetrics-Gynecology University Department of Hippokration Hospital Thessaloniki involving 316 patients from January 2022 to August 2023. All participants provided liquid-based cervical samples for cytology, HPV mRNA testing, and p16/Ki67 immunostaining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Subsequently, participants underwent both standalone colposcopy and EIS/ZedScan-assisted colposcopy, followed by cervical punch biopsies. RESULTS The incorporation of EIS significantly enhanced the sensitivity of colposcopy, increasing it from 54.17% to 100%, equivalent to that of HPV mRNA testing and p16/Ki67 immunostaining, while achieving a high specificity (95.45%). The specificities observed with EIS/ZedScan-assisted and standalone colposcopy were notably superior to those of HPV-related biomarkers (HPV mRNA test and p16/Ki67 immunostaining). When compared to standalone colposcopy, HPV mRNA testing, and p16/Ki67 immunostaining, EIS/ZedScan-assisted colposcopy demonstrated the most favorable combination of Positive and Negative Predictive Values, at 90.57% and 100%, respectively. The inclusion of EIS/ZedScan in colposcopy led to the detection of 44 additional cases of true CIN2+ (100% of the total CIN2+ confirmed histologically) that were missed by standalone colposcopy. This discovery suggests a 45.83% increase in the detection of CIN2+ cases. CONCLUSIONS The integration of EIS with colposcopy has demonstrated effectiveness in detecting cervical lesions, resulting in a significant detection increase of CIN2+ cases while offering optimal levels of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for CIN2+ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsampazis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Vavoulidis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Margioula-Siarkou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marianthi Symeonidou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios Intzes
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexios Papanikolaou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos Daniilidis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Taghavi K, Zhao F, Downham L, Baena A, Basu P. Molecular triaging options for women testing HPV positive with self-collected samples. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1243888. [PMID: 37810963 PMCID: PMC10560038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1243888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We review developments in molecular triaging options for women who test positive for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) on self-collected samples in the context of cervical cancer elimination. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends hrHPV screening as the primary test for cervical screening due to its high sensitivity compared to other screening tests. However, when hrHPV testing is used alone for treatment decisions, a proportion of women of childbearing age receive unnecessary treatments. This provides the incentive to optimize screening regimes to minimize the risk of overtreatment in women of reproductive age. Molecular biomarkers can potentially enhance the accuracy and efficiency of screening and triage. HrHPV testing is currently the only screening test that allows triage with molecular methods using the same sample. Additionally, offering self-collected hrHPV tests to women has been reported to increase screening coverage. This creates an opportunity to focus health resources on linking screen-positive women to diagnosis and treatment. Adding an additional test to the screening algorithm (a triage test) may improve the test's positive predictive value (PPV) and offer a better balance of benefits and risks for women. Conventional triage methods like cytology and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) cannot be performed on self-collected samples and require additional clinic visits and subjective interpretations. Molecular triaging using methods like partial and extended genotyping, methylation tests, detection of E6/E7 proteins, and hrHPV viral load in the same sample as the hrHPV test may improve the prediction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and invasive cancer, offering more precise, efficient, and cost-effective screening regimes. More research is needed to determine if self-collected samples are effective and cost-efficient for diverse populations and in comparison to other triage methods. The implementation of molecular triaging could improve screening accuracy and reduce the need for multiple clinical visits. These important factors play a crucial role in achieving the global goal of eliminating cervical cancer as a public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Taghavi
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Fanghui Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Laura Downham
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Armando Baena
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Osei EA, Ani-Amponsah M. Ghanaian women's perception on cervical cancer threat, severity, and the screening benefits: A qualitative study at Shai Osudoku District, Ghana. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2022; 3:100274. [PMID: 36101759 PMCID: PMC9461327 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cervical is one of the topmost causes of fatalities worldwide with mortality and incidence rates highest in sub-Saharan Africa including Ghana. The knowledge about cervical cancer threat and severity has not been extensively studied in most developing and developed countries of which Ghana is not exempted. The study, therefore, aimed to explore the views of women about cervical cancer threat, severity, and the benefits of cervical cancer screening in rural communities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Study design Qualitative exploratory descriptive design was used to purposively sample 17 participants. Methods The data collection tool was pretested among 4 women from women to ensure its trustworthiness. Participants were interviewed face to face using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded with audio recorders, transcribed verbatim and content analyzed. Ethics approval was obtained from Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Institutional Review Board (NMIMR-IRB). Results Findings of this study discovered that participants perceived Cervical cancer (CC) as serious on the basis that it is causing death of most women and lead to depression, isolation and thoughts of suicide, and poor sexual performance. Almost all the women in this study were aware that cervical cancer screening (CCS) is beneficial in the early detection of cervical cancer and protecting women against cervical cancer in order to reduce the mortalities associated with cervical cancer. In conclusion, there is high perceived severity to CC and benefits of CCS and hence other studies could be done to assess the uptake of the screening and willingness to participate in the screening among these participants. It is expected that this high perceived severity and benefits will translate into their practices of CCS and hence other researchers could explore this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans Appiah Osei
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Midwifery, Valley View University, Ghana. P.O. Box DT 595, Oyibi, Ghana
- Corresponding author.
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Siseho KN, Omoruyi BE, Okeleye BI, Okudoh VI, Amukugo HJ, Aboua YG. Women's perception of cervical cancer pap smear screening. Nurs Open 2022; 9:1715-1722. [PMID: 35243808 PMCID: PMC8994960 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The study examines limiting factors associated with cervical cancer Pap smear screening among participants of reproductive age attending a healthcare facility in Namibia. Design A cross‐sectional descriptive and exploratory study was conducted. Methods The data were collected using a face‐to‐face interview (qualitative) and a structured questionnaire (quantitative). A total of 49 participants (10 qualitative and 39 quantitative) aged 17–45 years participated in the study. Results The study revealed that 80% of participants have limited knowledge of cervical cancer, while 49% have never done the test before and 8% were not informed of the screening and risk of the disease. Furthermore, 49% of participants responded that the screening fees are not affordable. Meanwhile, all participants (100%) complained of the long waiting period. Other main barriers for not screening were missed announcements and unsuitable time allocation. Knowledge on cervical cancer and turn‐up for Pap smear screening test was low among participants of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine N. Siseho
- Faculty of ScienceSchool of Nursing and Public HealthUniversity of NamibiaWindhoekNamibia
| | - Beauty Etinosa Omoruyi
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology InstituteCape Peninsula University of TechnologyBellvilleSouth Africa
| | - Benjamin I. Okeleye
- Department of Biotechnology and Consumer ScienceCape Peninsula University of TechnologyCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Vincent I. Okudoh
- Department of Biotechnology and Consumer ScienceCape Peninsula University of TechnologyCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Hans J. Amukugo
- Faculty of ScienceSchool of Nursing and Public HealthUniversity of NamibiaWindhoekNamibia
| | - Yapo G. Aboua
- Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Health and Applied SciencesNamibia University of Science and TechnologyWindhoekNamibia
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The ASCCP Cervical Cancer Screening Task Force Endorsement and Opinion on the American Cancer Society Updated Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2021; 25:187-191. [PMID: 34138787 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The American Cancer Society (ACS) released updated cervical cancer screening guidelines in 2020 that endorse a shift in practice to primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in people with a cervix, beginning at ages of 25-65 years. When access to US Food and Drug Administration-approved primary HPV testing is not available, the ACS offers cotesting or cytology as acceptable alternative strategies but suggests that these testing modalities may be excluded from future iterations of the guidelines. The ASCCP recognizes the benefits and risks of primary HPV cervical cancer screening while acknowledging the barriers to widespread adoption, including implementation issues, the impact of limited HPV vaccination in the United States, and inclusion of populations who may not be well represented on primary HPV screening trials, such as underrepresented minorities. The ASCCP endorses the 2018 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement and supports the ACS cervical cancer screening guidelines. Most importantly, the ASCCP endorses any cervical cancer screening for secondary prevention of cervical cancer and recommends interventions that improve screening for those who are underscreened or unscreened.
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Rančić NK, Golubović MB, Ilić MV, Ignjatović AS, Živadinović RM, Đenić SN, Momčilović SD, Kocić BN, Milošević ZG, Otašević SA. Knowledge about Cervical Cancer and Awareness of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Vaccine among Female Students from Serbia. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2020; 56:medicina56080406. [PMID: 32823648 PMCID: PMC7466248 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Persistent infection with carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer. The study explored students’ knowledge about cervical cancer and awareness of human papillomavirus and the HPV vaccine. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was carried out among 1616 first-year female college students at the University of Niš. It examined socio-demographic characteristics, measured the score of knowledge about cervical cancer, assessed awareness regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine and inquired about the source of information about cervical cancer and HPV. Results: The average cervical cancer knowledge score was 16.35 ± 7.92 (min 0, max 30), with medical professional education, parents’ education level, place of residence and relationship status having significant effects on the score. The awareness about HPV and the HPV vaccine was low, with only 14.2% of students having heard about both HPV and its vaccine. The most commonly reported sources of information were the media, while the most competent one was organized health education. Conclusions: Health promotion campaigns and educational programs are necessary in order to reduce cervical cancer burden and should be directed particularly towards those who have demonstrated low cervical cancer knowledge and low awareness regarding HPV and its vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša K. Rančić
- Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, 18 000 Niš, Serbia; (A.S.I.); (R.M.Ž.); (B.N.K.); (Z.G.M.); (S.A.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Mirko V. Ilić
- Center for Control and Prevention of Diseases, Institute for Public Health Niš, 18 000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Aleksanda S. Ignjatović
- Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, 18 000 Niš, Serbia; (A.S.I.); (R.M.Ž.); (B.N.K.); (Z.G.M.); (S.A.O.)
| | - Radomir M. Živadinović
- Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, 18 000 Niš, Serbia; (A.S.I.); (R.M.Ž.); (B.N.K.); (Z.G.M.); (S.A.O.)
| | - Saša N. Đenić
- Center for Radiology, Clinical Center Niš, 18 000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Stefan D. Momčilović
- Clinic for Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Clinical Center Niš, 18 000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Biljana N. Kocić
- Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, 18 000 Niš, Serbia; (A.S.I.); (R.M.Ž.); (B.N.K.); (Z.G.M.); (S.A.O.)
| | - Zoran G. Milošević
- Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, 18 000 Niš, Serbia; (A.S.I.); (R.M.Ž.); (B.N.K.); (Z.G.M.); (S.A.O.)
| | - Suzana A. Otašević
- Faculty of Medicine Niš, University of Niš, 18 000 Niš, Serbia; (A.S.I.); (R.M.Ž.); (B.N.K.); (Z.G.M.); (S.A.O.)
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Nayar R, Chhieng DC, Crothers B, Darragh TM, Davey DD, Eisenhut C, Goulart R, Huang EC, Tabbara SO. Moving forward-the 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines for Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Tests and Cancer Precursors and beyond: implications and suggestions for laboratories. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2020; 9:291-303. [PMID: 32565297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 ASCCP Risk Based Management Consensus Guidelines for prevention of cervical cancer promote clinical management recommendations aligned with our increased understanding of HPV biology and cervical carcinogenesis. They employ HPV-based testing as the basis for risk estimation, allow for personalized risk-based management by incorporating knowledge of current results with prior results, and streamline incorporation of new test methods as they are validated. They continue to support the principles of "equal management for equal risk" and "balancing harms and benefits" adopted in the 2012 version of the guidelines. These updated guidelines will be able to adjust for decreasing CIN3+ risks as more patients who received HPV vaccination reach screening age. Pathology organizations were closely involved in the development of these guidelines. Herein the pathologists who served as representatives to the 2019 ASCCP guidelines steering committee and workgroups, summarize the changes that are relevant to laboratories, pathologists, and cytotechnologists. Prior relevant screening and reporting recommendations that have not been widely and/or inconsistently adopted by laboratories are also discussed and considerations for modification of laboratory practices offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Nayar
- Department of Pathology and Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - David C Chhieng
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Diane D Davey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Robert Goulart
- New England Pathology Associates, Trinity Health of New England, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Eric C Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sana O Tabbara
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Winer RL, Lin J, Tiro JA, Miglioretti DL, Beatty T, Gao H, Kimbel K, Thayer C, Buist DSM. Effect of Mailed Human Papillomavirus Test Kits vs Usual Care Reminders on Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake, Precancer Detection, and Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1914729. [PMID: 31693128 PMCID: PMC6865279 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In the United States, more than 50% of cervical cancers are diagnosed in underscreened women. Cervical cancer screening guidelines now include primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as a recommended strategy. Home-based HPV self-sampling is a viable option for increasing screening compliance and effectiveness; however, US data are needed to inform health care system implementation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate effectiveness of mailed HPV self-sampling kits vs usual care reminders for in-clinic screening to increase detection and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and uptake of cervical cancer screening. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized clinical trial conducted in Kaiser Permanente Washington, a US integrated health care delivery system. Women aged 30 to 64 years with health plan enrollment for 3 years and 5 months or more, a primary care clinician, no Papanicolaou test within 3 years and 5 months, and no hysterectomy were identified through electronic medical records and enrolled from February 25, 2014, to August 29, 2016, with follow-up through February 26, 2018. INTERVENTIONS The control group received usual care (annual patient reminders and ad hoc outreach from primary care clinics). The intervention group received usual care plus a mailed HPV self-sampling kit. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Two primary outcomes were (1) CIN2+ detection within 6 months of screening and (2) treatment within 6 months of CIN2+ detection. Screening uptake within 6 months of randomization was a secondary outcome. RESULTS A total of 19 851 women (mean [SD] age, 50.1 [9.5] years) were included, with 9960 randomized to the intervention group and 9891 randomized to the control group. All women randomized were included in analysis. In the intervention group, 12 participants with CIN2+ were detected compared with 8 in the control group (relative risk, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.61-3.64) and 12 cases were treated vs 7 in the control group (relative risk, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.67-4.32). Screening uptake was higher in the intervention group (2618 participants [26.3%] vs 1719 participants [17.4%]; relative risk, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.43-1.60). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Mailing HPV kits to underscreened women increased screening uptake compared with usual care alone, with no significant differences in precancer detection or treatment. Results support the feasibility of mailing HPV kits to women who are overdue for screening as an outreach strategy to increase screening uptake in US health care systems. Efforts to increase kit uptake and follow-up of positive results are warranted to maximize detection and treatment of CIN2+. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02005510.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Winer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle
| | - John Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jasmin A. Tiro
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Diana L. Miglioretti
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis
| | - Tara Beatty
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle
| | - Hongyuan Gao
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle
| | - Kilian Kimbel
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle
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