Hodgkin Lymphoma Presenting as a Vulvar Mass in a Patient With Crohn Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review

Lymphomas of the Vulva: A Review of the MITO Rare Cancer Group

Since they are very rare tumors, lymphomas of the vulva are often not properly recognized. Patients with vulvar lymphoma are generally elderly and the classical manifestation of the disease is a vulvar mass. No significant age differences have been found between primary and secondary lymphoma. To make a correct diagnosis, it is therefore necessary to use not only histological examination but also the genetic and molecular profile in order to establish optimal therapeutic management. Literature analysis confirm the good prognosis of this disease.

A review on co-existent Epstein-Barr virus-induced complications in inflammatory bowel disease

There have been growing reports regarding the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the intestine portions of patients suffering from ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, collectively termed as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Indeed, the prevalence of EBV infection increases in IBD patients due to prolonged employment of immunosuppressive drugs including azathioprine and infliximab. In turn, coinfection with EBV increases the propensity of development of lymphoproliferative disorders in the gastrointestinal tract including Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, it is recommended that IBD patients on prolonged immunomodulator therapy should be monitored for the presence of primary intestinal lymphoproliferative diseases. Moreover, coinfection of EBV complicates the clinical course of IBD by increasing the severity, chronicity, inducing refractoriness and increasing relapse incidences. Therefore, it is recommended that antiviral drugs should be added in the conventional IBD therapy in the suspected cases of EBV infection. Research has also revealed that EBV-induced colitis is very similar to IBD and there are chances of misdiagnosis of IBD in the presence of EBV colitis. The proper diagnosis of EBV infection along with its timely treatment is necessary to avoid the severe complications in patients of IBD. The present review discusses the role of EBV coinfection in increasing the clinical complications of IBD patients.

Diagnosis and management of vulvar cancer: A review

Vulvar malignancies represent a serious gynecologic health concern, especially given the increasing incidence over the past several decades. Squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma are common subtypes, although other neoplasms, such as basal cell carcinoma and Paget disease of the vulva, might be seen. Many vulvar cancers are initially misdiagnosed as inflammatory conditions, delaying diagnosis and worsening prognosis. It is essential that dermatologists are familiar with characteristic findings for each malignancy to ensure appropriate diagnosis and management. Herein, we review the unique epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of each major vulvar malignancy, as well as discuss their respective prognoses and current management recommendations.

Vulvar edema

Vulvar edema is associated with a variety of conditions. The edema can result from inflammatory conditions, infections, infestations, trauma, pregnancy, tumors and iatrogenic causes. At times, it is difficult to determine the cause of the vulvar edema. Treatment consists of determining the origin of the edema and giving the appropriate therapy for that diagnosis as well as the use of compression and, at times, lymphatic massage.