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Salama AM, Elmahy RA, Ibrahim HA, Amer AIM, Eltantawy AF, Elgendy DI. Effects of metformin on parasitological, pathological changes in the brain and liver and immunological aspects during visceral toxocariasis in mice. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3213-3231. [PMID: 37874393 PMCID: PMC10667394 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
There are currently insufficient anthelmintic medications available for the treatment of toxocariasis. For instance, Albendazole (ABZ) is the preferred medication, but its effectiveness against tissue-dwelling parasites is limited. In addition, Metformin (MTF) is a widely used oral antidiabetic medication that is considered to be safe for treatment. This study aimed to investigate any potential effects of MTF, alone or in combination with ABZ, on mice infections caused by Toxocara canis (T. canis). The efficacy of the treatment was assessed in the acute and chronic phases of the infection by larval recovery and histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies. The results showed that combined therapy significantly reduced larval counts in the liver, brain, and muscles and ameliorated hepatic and brain pathology. It reduced oxidative stress and TGF-β mRNA expression and increased FGF21 levels in the liver. It decreased TNF-α levels and MMP-9 expression in the brain. In addition, it increased serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ and decreased serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10. In the acute and chronic phases of the infection, the combined treatment was more effective than ABZ alone. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential role of MTF as an adjuvant in the treatment of experimental T. canis infection when administered with ABZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M Salama
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Elmahy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa Fawzy Eltantawy
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina I Elgendy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Hurtado G, Mayer G, Mabry KE. Does urbanization ameliorate the effect of endoparasite infection in kangaroo rats? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13390-13400. [PMID: 34646477 PMCID: PMC8495810 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban development can fragment and degrade remnant habitat. Such habitat alterations can have profound impacts on wildlife, including effects on population density, parasite infection status, parasite prevalence, and body condition. We investigated the influence of urbanization on populations of Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) and their parasites. We predicted that urban development would lead to reduced abundance, increased parasite prevalence in urban populations, increased probability of parasite infection for individual animals, and decreased body condition of kangaroo rats in urban versus wildland areas. We live trapped kangaroo rats at 5 urban and 5 wildland sites in and around Las Cruces, NM, USA from 2013 to 2015, collected fecal samples from 209 kangaroo rats, and detected endoparasites using fecal flotation and molecular barcoding. Seven parasite species were detected, although only two parasitic worms, Mastophorus dipodomis and Pterygodermatites dipodomis, occurred frequently enough to allow for statistical analysis. We found no effects of urbanization on population density or probability of parasite infection. However, wildland animals infected with P. dipodomis had lower body condition scores than infected animals in urban areas or uninfected animals in either habitat. Our results suggest that urban environments may buffer Merriam's kangaroo rats from the detrimental impacts to body condition that P. dipodomis infections can cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizelle Hurtado
- Department of BiologyNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNMUSA
- Norris Natural History MuseumUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCAUSA
| | | | - Karen E. Mabry
- Department of BiologyNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNMUSA
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3
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Antunes G, Galloway K, Clerk N, Hartley R. Diagnosis of human bovine tuberculosis aided by PET/CT scanning and EBUS-TBNA. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-225351. [PMID: 30012574 PMCID: PMC6047697 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bovine tuberculosis is a rare zoonotic infection in developed countries which has been achieved predominantly by effective eradication programmes in cattle. The principal modes of transmission are consumption of unpasteurised dairy products and close contact with infected cattle. The clinical and radiological presentation is indistinguishable from tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis The diagnosis should be considered in individuals with relevant risk factors who present with intra/extrathoracic pathology. We describe and discuss a case of bovine tuberculosis with a synchronous primary bronchus carcinoma in an immunocompetent individual who presented with a solitary pulmonary nodule and contralateral mediastinal lymphadenopathy on CT imaging. The diagnosis of M. bovis infectionwas aided by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT imaging and endobronchial ultrasound-guided mediastinal lymph node sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Antunes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Karen Galloway
- Tuberculosis Nursing Team, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Nigel Clerk
- Tuberculosis Nursing Team, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Richard Hartley
- Department of Radiology, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
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Buza TM, Jack SW, Kirunda H, Khaitsa ML, Lawrence ML, Pruett S, Peterson DG. ERAIZDA: a model for holistic annotation of animal infectious and zoonotic diseases. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2015; 2015:bav110. [PMID: 26581408 PMCID: PMC4651161 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for a unified resource that integrates trans-disciplinary annotations of emerging and reemerging animal infectious and zoonotic diseases. Such data integration will provide wonderful opportunity for epidemiologists, researchers and health policy makers to make data-driven decisions designed to improve animal health. Integrating emerging and reemerging animal infectious and zoonotic disease data from a large variety of sources into a unified open-access resource provides more plausible arguments to achieve better understanding of infectious and zoonotic diseases. We have developed a model for interlinking annotations of these diseases. These diseases are of particular interest because of the threats they pose to animal health, human health and global health security. We demonstrated the application of this model using brucellosis, an infectious and zoonotic disease. Preliminary annotations were deposited into VetBioBase database (http://vetbiobase.igbb.msstate.edu). This database is associated with user-friendly tools to facilitate searching, retrieving and downloading of disease-related information. Database URL: http://vetbiobase.igbb.msstate.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresia M Buza
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology (IGBB), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA,
| | - Sherman W Jack
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA and
| | - Halid Kirunda
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), Tororo, Uganda
| | - Margaret L Khaitsa
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA and
| | - Mark L Lawrence
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Stephen Pruett
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
| | - Daniel G Peterson
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology (IGBB), Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
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Lee RM, Moore LB, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ. Toxocariasis in North America: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3116. [PMID: 25166906 PMCID: PMC4148222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxocariasis is an important neglected tropical disease that can manifest as visceral or ocular larva migrans, or covert toxocariasis. All three forms pose a public health problem and cause significant morbidity in areas of high prevalence. To determine the burden of toxocariasis in North America, we conducted a systematic review of the literature following PRISMA guidelines. We found 18 articles with original prevalence, incidence, or case data for toxocariasis. Prevalence estimates ranged from 0.6% in a Canadian Inuit community to 30.8% in Mexican children with asthma. Commonly cited risk factors included: African-American race, poverty, male sex, and pet ownership or environmental contamination by animal feces. Increased prevalence of Toxocara spp. infection was linked in a group of case control studies conducted in Mexico to several high risk groups including waste pickers, asthmatic children, and inpatient psychiatry patients. Further research is needed to determine the true current burden of toxocariasis in North America; however the prevalence estimates gathered in this review suggest that the burden of disease is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Lee
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura B. Moore
- James A. Baker Institute of Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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