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Langner S, Weiss NM. [Congenital malformations of the inner ear - CT, DVT and MR Imaging]. Laryngorhinootologie 2024; 103:668-681. [PMID: 39222633 DOI: 10.1055/a-2339-9811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
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2
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D'Arco F, Kandemirli SG, Dahmoush HM, Alves CAPF, Severino M, Dellepiane F, Robson CD, Lequin MH, Rossi-Espagnet C, O'Brien WT, Nash R, Clement E, Juliano AF. Incomplete partition type II in its various manifestations: isolated, in association with EVA, syndromic, and beyond; a multicentre international study. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:1397-1403. [PMID: 38833161 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Incomplete partition type II (IP-II) is characterized by specific histological features and radiological appearance. It may occur in isolation or in association with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA). Among those with IP-II and EVA, a subset has a diagnosis of Pendred syndrome. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of isolated IP-II, IP-II with EVA, and cases with a genetic or syndromic basis in our cohort. METHODS From a large, multicentre database of dysplastic cochleae (446 patients, 892 temporal bones), those with imaging features of IP-II were examined in detail, including whether there was a genetic or syndromic association. RESULTS A total of 78 patients with IP-II were identified. Among these, 55 patients had bilateral IP-II and EVA (only 12 with typical Mondini triad), 8 with bilateral IP-II and normal VA, 2 with bilateral IP-II and unilateral EVA, and 13 with unilateral IP-II (9 with unilateral EVA). Among the group with bilateral IP-II and bilateral EVA in whom genetic analysis was available, 14 out of 29 (48%) had SLC26A4 mutations and a diagnosis of Pendred syndrome, 1 had a FOXI1 mutation, and a few other genetic abnormalities; none had KCNJ10 pathogenic variants. CONCLUSION Bilateral IP-II-bilateral EVA may be seen in the context of Pendred syndrome (SLC26A4 or FOXI1 mutations) but, in the majority of our cohort, no genetic abnormalities were found, suggesting the possibility of unknown genetic associations. IP-II in isolation (without EVA) is favored to be genetic when bilateral, although the cause is often unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice D'Arco
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Sedat G Kandemirli
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Hisham M Dahmoush
- Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Cesar A P F Alves
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | | | - Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Maarten H Lequin
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, North Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Camilla Rossi-Espagnet
- Functional and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - William T O'Brien
- Department of Radiology, Orlando Health - Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Robert Nash
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Emma Clement
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Amy F Juliano
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles St, 02114, Boston, MA, USA.
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Yu FF, Feltrin FS, Bathla G, Raj K, Agarwal A, Lee WC, Booth T, Singh A. Imaging Guide to Inner Ear Malformations: An Illustrative Review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2023; 52:576-585. [PMID: 37500297 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Inner ear malformation (IEM) with associated sensoryneural hearing loss (SNHL) is a major cause of childhood disability. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging play important and often complementary roles in diagnosing underlying structural abnormalities and surgical planning allows for direct visualization of the cochlear nerve and is the preferred imaging modality prior to cochlear implantation. CT is helpful to assess osseous anatomy and when evaluating children with mixed hearing loss or syndromic associations. When reviewing these cases, it is important for the radiologist to be familiar with the key imaging features. In this article, we will present the imaging findings associated with different inner ear malformations associated with congenital sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Frank Yu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Girish Bathla
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
| | - Karuna Raj
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
| | - Wan-Ching Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
| | - Timothy Booth
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
| | - Achint Singh
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Dallas, TX
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Abstract
Pattern recognition of specific temporal bone radiological phenotypes, in association with abnormalities in other organ systems, is critical in the diagnosis and management of syndromic causes of hearing loss. Several recent publications have demonstrated the presence of specific radiological appearances, allowing precise genetic and/or syndromic diagnosis, in the right clinical context. This review article aims to provide an extensive but practical guide to the radiologist dealing with syndromic causes of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond St. London, London, WC1N3JH, UK
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felice D'Arco
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond St. London, London, WC1N3JH, UK. felice.d'
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Lewis MA, Juliano A, Robson C, Clement E, Nash R, Rajput K, D'Arco F. The spectrum of cochlear malformations in CHARGE syndrome and insights into the role of the CHD7 gene during embryogenesis of the inner ear. Neuroradiology 2023; 65:819-834. [PMID: 36715725 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We reviewed the genotypes and the imaging appearances of cochleae in CHARGE patients from two large tertiary centres and analysed the observed cochlear anomalies, providing detailed anatomical description and a grading system. The goal was to gain insight into the spectrum of cochlear anomalies in CHARGE syndrome, and thus, in the role of the CHD7 gene in otic vesicle development. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed CT and/or MR imaging of CHARGE patients referred to our institutions between 2005 and 2022. Cochlear morphology was analysed and, when abnormal, divided into 3 groups in order of progressive severity. Other radiological findings in the temporal bone were also recorded. Comparison with the existing classification system of cochlear malformation was also attempted. RESULTS Cochlear morphology in our CHARGE cohort ranged from normal to extreme hypoplasia. The most common phenotype was cochlear hypoplasia in which the basal turn was relatively preserved, and the upper turns were underdeveloped. All patients in the cohort had absent or markedly hypoplastic semicircular canals and small, misshapen vestibules. Aside from a stenotic cochlear aperture (fossette) being associated with a hypoplastic or absent cochlear nerve, there was no consistent relationship between cochlear nerve status (normal, hypoplasia, or aplasia) and cochlear morphology. CONCLUSION Cochlear morphology in CHARGE syndrome is variable. Whenever the cochlea was abnormal, it was almost invariably hypoplastic. This may shed light on the role of CHD7 in cochlear development. Accurate morphological description of the cochlea contributes to proper clinical diagnosis and is important for planning surgical treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond St. London, London, WC1N3JH, UK
| | - Amy Juliano
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma Clement
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert Nash
- Department of Audiological Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kaukab Rajput
- Department of Audiological Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Felice D'Arco
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond St. London, London, WC1N3JH, UK. felice.d'
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. felice.d'
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D'Arco F, Biswas A, Clement E, Rajput K, Juliano AF. Subtle Malformation of the Cochlear Apex and Genetic Abnormalities: Beyond the "Thorny" Cochlea. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:79-81. [PMID: 36549853 PMCID: PMC9835904 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the routine use of high-resolution heavily T2-weighted sequences to evaluate patients with hearing deficits, new, subtle phenotypes of cochlear malformations are being discovered and an increasing number of genotype-phenotype correlations are being found through a reverse phenotype approach, which can help guide geneticists. In this brief report, we present subtle malformations of the apical turn of the cochlea related to 3 genetic mutations, emphasizing the importance of a careful assessment of the cochlear apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D'Arco
- From the Department of Radiology (F.D., A.B.)
| | - A Biswas
- From the Department of Radiology (F.D., A.B.)
| | | | - K Rajput
- Audiological Medicine (K.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A F Juliano
- Department of Radiology (A.F.J.), Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
A "gold standard" for quantitatively diagnosing inner ear malformations (IEMs) and a consensus on normative measurements are lacking. Reference ranges and cutoff values of inner ear dimensions may add in distinguishing IEM types. This study evaluates the volumes of the cochlea and vestibular system in different types of IEM. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Tertiary academic center. PATIENTS High-resolution CT scans of 115 temporal bones (70 with IEM; cochlear hypoplasia [CH]; n = 19), incomplete partition (IP) Types I and III (n = 16), IP Type II with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (Mondini malformation; n = 16), enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (n = 19), and 45 controls. INTERVENTIONS Volumetry by software-based, semiautomatic segmentation, and 3D reconstruction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in volumes among IEM and between IEM types and controls; interrater reliability. RESULTS Compared with controls (mean volume, 78.0 mm3), only CH showed a significantly different cochlear volume (mean volume, 30.2 mm3; p < 0.0001) among all types of IEM. A cutoff value of 60 mm3 separated 100% of CH cases from controls. Compared with controls, significantly larger vestibular system volumes were found in Mondini malformation (mean difference, 22.9 mm3; p = 0.009) and IP (mean difference, 24.1 mm3; p = 0.005). In contrast, CH showed a significantly smaller vestibular system volume (mean difference, 41.1 mm3; p < 0.0001). A good interrater reliability was found for all three-dimensional measurements (ICC = 0.86-0.91). CONCLUSION Quantitative reference values for IEM obtained in this study were in line with existing qualitative diagnostic characteristics. A cutoff value less than 60 mm3 may indicate an abnormally small cochlea. Normal reference values for volumes of the cochlea and vestibular system may aid in diagnosing IEM.
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Pao J, D’Arco F, Clement E, Picariello S, Moonis G, Robson C, Juliano A. Re-Examining the Cochlea in Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:309-314. [PMID: 35058298 PMCID: PMC8985666 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Temporal bone imaging plays an important role in the work-up of branchio-oto-renal syndrome. Previous reports have suggested that the unwound or offset cochlea is a highly characteristic marker for branchio-oto-renal syndrome. Our goals were to examine the prevalence of this finding in a branchio-oto-renal syndrome cohort and analyze genetic-phenotypic associations not previously established. MATERIALS AND METHODS This multicenter retrospective study included 38 ears in 19 unrelated individuals with clinically diagnosed branchio-oto-renal syndrome and confirmed mutations in the EYA1 or SIX1 genes. Two blinded neuroradiologists independently reviewed and documented temporal bone imaging findings in 13 categories for each ear. Imaging phenotypes were correlated with genotypes. RESULTS There was excellent interrater agreement for all 13 phenotypic categories (κ ≥ 0.80). Of these, 9 categories showed statistically significant differences between patients with EYA1-branchio-oto-renal syndrome and SIX1-branchio-oto-renal syndrome. Cochlear offset was present in 100% of patients with EYA1-branchio-oto-renal syndrome, but in only 1 ear (12.5%) among patients with SIX1-branchio-oto-renal syndrome. A short thorny appearance of the cochlear apical turn was observed in most patients with SIX1-branchio-oto-renal syndrome. CONCLUSIONS An offset cochlea is associated with the EYA1-branchio-oto-renal syndrome genotype. The SIX1-branchio-oto-renal syndrome genotype is associated with a different cochlear phenotype that almost always is without offset and has a short thorny tip as the apical turn. Therefore, cochlear offset is not a characteristic marker for all patients with branchio-oto-renal syndrome. The lack of a cochlear offset in a patient with clinically suspected branchio-oto-renal syndrome does not exclude the diagnosis and, in fact, may be predictive of the SIX1 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pao
- From the Department of Radiology (J.P.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - E. Clement
- Department of Clinical Genetics (E.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S. Picariello
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery (S.P.), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy,Department of Paediatric Oncology (S.P.), Neuro-Oncology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - G. Moonis
- Department of Radiology (G.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - C.D. Robson
- Department of Radiology (C.D.R.), Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A.F. Juliano
- Department of Radiology (A.F.J.), Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Imaging of inner ear malformations: a primer for radiologists. Radiol Med 2021; 126:1282-1295. [PMID: 34196909 PMCID: PMC8520521 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-021-01387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the multidisciplinary management of patients with inner ear malformations (IEMs), the correct diagnosis makes the differences in terms of clinical and surgical treatment. The complex anatomical landscape of the inner ear, comprising several small structures, makes imaging of this region particularly challenging for general radiologists. Imaging techniques are important for identifying the presence and defining the type of IEM and the cochlear nerve condition. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) are the mainstay imaging techniques in this area. Dedicated MRI and HRCT protocols play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with inner ear disease. The most suitable technique should be selected depending on the clinical setting. However, in cases of congenital malformation of the inner ear, these techniques should be considered complementary. Since prompt intervention has a positive impact on the treatment outcomes, early diagnosis of IEMs is very important in the management of deaf patients. This article reviews the key concepts of IEMs for clinical radiologists by focusing on recent literature updates, discusses the principal imaging findings and clinical implications for every IEM subgroup, thus providing a practical diagnostic approach.
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Burzyńska-Makuch M, Mierzwiński J, Haber K. The role of preoperative imaging for auditory implants in children. Otolaryngol Pol 2020; 75:23-35. [PMID: 33724221 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
<b>Introduction:</b> Preoperative imaging, besides audiological evaluation, plays a major role in evaluation of candidacy for auditory implants, and in particular cochlear implants. It is essential to assess whether the basic criteria necessary for implantation are met. Diagnostic imaging is crucial not only in determining candidacy, but also determining the feasibility of cochlear implantation as it allow to anticipate surgical difficulties which could preclude or complicate the implantation of the device. The aim of the study is to present the protocol for the evaluation of preoperative imaging studies with particular focus on the factors potentially affecting clinical decisions in children qualified for cochlear implantation. <br><b>Material and method:</b> Preoperative imaging studies of 111 children performed prior to cochlear implantation were analyzed: high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of temporal bones and MRI. The assessment was made according to the presented protocol. <br><b>Results:</b> Pathologies and anomalies identified during the assessment of preoperative imaging studies significantly altered clinical decisions in 30% of patients. In the study group, in 17% of patients inner ear malformations were identified. 2.7% of children were disqualified from a cochlear implantation due to severe congenital inner ear malformations. 9% of the patients have had bacterial meningitis. In 50% of them difficulties related to complete or progressive cochlear ossification occurred. In 4.5% of patients less common surgical approaches other than mastoidectomy with a posterior tympanotomy were applied. <br><b>Discussion:</b> Preoperative imaging allow for the identification of significant pathologies and anomalies affecting qualification decisions and further treatment. HRCT and MRI are complementary to each other for preoperative imaging. The two modalities in combination allow accurate and optimal evaluation of the anatomical structures prior to implantation. Inner ear malformations and cochlear ossification following meningitis are relatively frequently encountered in children qualified for a cochlear implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Burzyńska-Makuch
- Oddział Otolaryngologii, Audiologii i Foniatrii Dziecięcej, Dziecięcy Program Implantów Słuchowych, Wojewódzki Szpital Dziecięcy w Bydgoszczy, Zakład Diagnostyki Obrazowej, Wojewódzki Szpital Dziecięcy w Bydgoszczy
| | - Józef Mierzwiński
- Oddział Otolaryngologii, Audiologii i Foniatrii Dziecięcej, Wojewódzki Szpital Dziecięcy, Bydgoszcz
| | - Karolina Haber
- Department of Otolaryngology, Audiology and Pediatric Phoniatrics, Children's Hearing Implant Program, Provincial Children's Hospital in Bydgoszcz
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D'Arco F, Youssef A, Ioannidou E, Bisdas S, Pinelli L, Caro-Dominguez P, Nash R, Siddiqui A, Talenti G. Temporal bone and intracranial abnormalities in syndromic causes of hearing loss: an updated guide. Eur J Radiol 2019; 123:108803. [PMID: 31891841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.108803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe in detail the temporal bone and brain findings in both common and rare syndromic causes of hearing loss, with the purpose of broadening among radiologists and enhance the current understanding of distinct imaging features in paediatric patients with syndromic hearing loss. METHODS A detailed search of electronic databases has been conducted, including PubMed, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Embase, and PsycINFO. RESULTS Syndromic causes of hearing loss are characterised by different and sometimes specific abnormalities in the temporal bone. CONCLUSION A complete knowledge of the image findings in the temporal bones, brain, skull and other body regions is critical for the optimal assessment and management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice D'Arco
- Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Adam Youssef
- Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | - Sotirios Bisdas
- Department of Neuroradiology, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Pinelli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Robert Nash
- Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Ata Siddiqui
- Department of Neuroradiology,Guy's and St.Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giacomo Talenti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Pathology, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy.
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Quirk B, Youssef A, Ganau M, D'Arco F. Radiological diagnosis of the inner ear malformations in children with sensorineural hearing loss. BJR Open 2019; 1:20180050. [PMID: 33178934 PMCID: PMC7592472 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20180050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malformations in either the inner ear, vestibulocochlear nerve (VIIIth) or auditory cortex of the brain can lead to congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). In most cases the underlying disorders involve the membranous labyrinth at a microscopic level and therefore radiological examinations are entirely normal. In a significant proportion however (up to 20%), there are abnormalities visualized in the inner ear and/or the VIIIth nerve; the type of abnormality is relevant for the surgical planning of a cochlear implant. Imaging and the accurate radiological identification of the affected inner ear structures therefore plays an integral role in the clinical evaluation of sensorineural hearing loss. In this pictorial review, we describe the main malformations of the inner ear in view of recent classifications and briefly explore the surgical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadine Quirk
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Adam Youssef
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Mario Ganau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Felice D'Arco
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust
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Siddiqui A, D'Amico A, Colafati GS, Cicala D, Talenti G, Rajput K, Pinelli L, D'Arco F. Hypothalamic malformations in patients with X-linked deafness and incomplete partition type 3. Neuroradiology 2019; 61:949-952. [PMID: 31177298 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-019-02230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with X-linked deafness carry mutations in the POU3F4 gene and have pathognomonic inner ear malformations characterised by symmetrical incomplete partition type 3 (absent modiolus and lamina spiralis but preserved interscalar septum in a normal-sized cochlea) and large internal auditory meatus (IAM) with an increased risk of gusher during stapes surgery. We describe a range of fairly characteristic malformations in the hypothalamus of some patients with this rare condition, ranging from subtle asymmetric appearance and thickening of the tuber cinereum to more marked hypothalamic enlargement. We discuss the role of POU3F4 in the normal development of both the inner ear and hypothalamus and the proposed pathophysiology of incomplete partition type 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Siddiqui
- Department of Neuroradiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Stefania Colafati
- Oncological Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imaging, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Cicala
- Neuroradiology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Talenti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Kaukab Rajput
- Cochlear Implant Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Pinelli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Pediatric Neuroradiology Section, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Felice D'Arco
- Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond St, London, WC1N3JH, UK.
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15
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Talenti G, Manara R, Brotto D, D'Arco F. High-resolution 3 T magnetic resonance findings in cochlear hypoplasias and incomplete partition anomalies: a pictorial essay. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20180120. [PMID: 29688748 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Talenti
- 1 Department of Diagnostics and Pathology, Neuroradiology Unit, Verona University Hospital , Verona , Italy
| | - Renzo Manara
- 2 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Unit of Neuroradiology, Section of Neuroscience, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno , Baronissi , Italy
| | - Davide Brotto
- 3 Department of Neuroscience, ENT Unit, Università degli Studi di Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Felice D'Arco
- 4 Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust , London , UK
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