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Wahba A, Milojevic M, Boer C, De Somer FMJJ, Gudbjartsson T, van den Goor J, Jones TJ, Lomivorotov V, Merkle F, Ranucci M, Kunst G, Puis L. 2019 EACTS/EACTA/EBCP guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 57:210-251. [PMID: 31576396 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wahba
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Milan Milojevic
- Department of Cardiovascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christa Boer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Tomas Gudbjartsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jenny van den Goor
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy J Jones
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vladimir Lomivorotov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Frank Merkle
- Academy for Perfusion, Deutsches Herzzentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Ranucci
- Department of Cardiovascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Gudrun Kunst
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Luc Puis
- Department of Perfusion, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium
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Puis L, Milojevic M, Boer C, De Somer FMJJ, Gudbjartsson T, van den Goor J, Jones TJ, Lomivorotov V, Merkle F, Ranucci M, Kunst G, Wahba A. 2019 EACTS/EACTA/EBCP guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2020; 30:161-202. [PMID: 31576402 PMCID: PMC10634377 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivz251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Puis
- Department of Perfusion, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium
| | - Milan Milojevic
- Department of Cardiovascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christa Boer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Tomas Gudbjartsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jenny van den Goor
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy J Jones
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vladimir Lomivorotov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Frank Merkle
- Academy for Perfusion, Deutsches Herzzentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Ranucci
- Department of Cardiovascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Gudrun Kunst
- Department of Anaesthetics and Pain Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Alexander Wahba
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, St Olav s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Kunst G, Milojevic M, Boer C, De Somer FM, Gudbjartsson T, van den Goor J, Jones TJ, Lomivorotov V, Merkle F, Ranucci M, Puis L, Wahba A, Alston P, Fitzgerald D, Nikolic A, Onorati F, Rasmussen BS, Svenmarker S. 2019 EACTS/EACTA/EBCP guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:713-757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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The Effects of Leukocyte Filtration on Cell Salvaged Autologous Blood Transfusion on Lung Function and Lung Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Reactions in Elderly Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spinal Surgery. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2019; 31:36-42. [DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rubino AS, Serraino GF, Marsico R, Ventura V, Foti D, Gulletta E, Renzulli A. Leukocyte Filtration Improves Pulmonary Function and Reduces the Need for Postoperative Non-Invasive Ventilation. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139881203500908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino S. Rubino
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Catania - Italy
| | - Giuseppe F. Serraino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Cardiac Surgery Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro - Italy
| | - Roberto Marsico
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Cardiac Surgery Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro - Italy
| | - Valeria Ventura
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Pathology Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro - Italy
| | - Daniela Foti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Pathology Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro - Italy
| | - Elio Gulletta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Pathology Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro - Italy
| | - Attilio Renzulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Cardiac Surgery Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro - Italy
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Bouma HR, Samarska IV, Schenk M, Dahlem KKK, van den Bos H, Brebenel I, Duin M, Houwertjes MC, Loef BG, Mungroop HE, Struys MMRF, Epema AH, Henning RH. Microarray analysis of gene expression profiles in the rat kidney demonstrates a local inflammatory response induced by cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2013; 30:492-500. [PMID: 23344121 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0b013e32835ce530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a commonly used technique in cardiac surgery but is associated with acute, transient, renal dysfunction that has a negative impact on long-term survival. OBJECTIVE To unravel the molecular pathogenesis of renal injury following CPB. DESIGN To obtain insight into the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction following CPB, we performed a microarray analysis of renal gene expression in the rat. SETTING University Medical Centre Groningen. INTERVENTION Rats underwent CPB or a sham procedure for 60 min and were sacrificed at 60 min, 1 and 5 days after the procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Renal gene expression profile as determined by microarray analysis. RESULTS Expression of 420 genes was significantly altered in CPB compared to the sham procedure, and in 407 genes, this was evident in the acute phase (60 min) following CPB. Gene ontology analysis revealed 28 of these genes were involved in inflammatory responses, with high expression of genes downstream of mitogen-activated protein-kinase (MAP-kinase) signalling pathways. Potent inducers identified are from the interleukin-6 cytokine family that consists of interleukin-6 and oncostatin M (OSM), which signal through the gp130-cytokine receptor complex. The plasma concentration of interleukin-6 was hugely increased by CPB as measured by ELISA. Expression of genes downstream of these signalling pathways that lead to production of chemokines, adhesion molecules and molecules involved in coagulative pathways, was upregulated. CONCLUSION CPB induces an acute and local inflammatory response in the kidney, which might contribute to renal injury. The signalling pathways involved identified by gene expression analysis may represent pharmacological targets to limit renal injury following CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hjalmar R Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence for the benefits of leukodepletion in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Its effectiveness in higher risk patients, such as those undergoing heart valve surgery, particularly in terms of overall clinical outcomes, is currently unclear. OBJECTIVES To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of leukodepletion on clinical, patient-reported and economic outcomes in patients undergoing heart valve surgery. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2013, Issue 3 of 12) in The Cochrane Library, the NHS Economic Evaluations Database (1960 to April 2013), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to April week 2 2013), EMBASE Ovid (1947 to Week 15 2013), CINAHL (1982 to April 2013) and Web of Science (1970 to 17 April 2013) on 19 April 2013. We also searched the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) clinical trials database and the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register (ISRCTN) in April 2013 for ongoing studies. No language or time period restrictions were applied. We examined the reference lists of all included randomised controlled trials and contacted authors of identified trials. We searched the 'grey' literature at OpenGrey and handsearched relevant conference proceedings. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials comparing a leukocyte-depleting arterial line filter with a standard arterial line filter, on the arterial outflow of the heart-lung bypass circuit, in elective patients undergoing heart valve surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were collected on the study characteristics, three primary outcomes (1. post-operative in-hospital all-cause mortality within three months, 2. post-operative all-cause mortality excluding inpatient mortality < 30 days, 3. length of stay in hospital, 4. adverse events and serious adverse events) and seven secondary outcomes (1. tubular or glomerular kidney injury, 2. validated health-related quality of life scales, 3. validated renal injury scales, 4. use of continuous veno-venous haemo-filtration, 5. length of stay in intensive care, 6. costs of care). Data were extracted by one author and verified by a second author. Insufficient data were available to perform a meta-analysis or sensitivity analysis. MAIN RESULTS Eight studies were eligible for inclusion in the review but data on prespecified review outcomes were available from only one, modestly powered (24 participants) study (Hurst 1997). There were no differences between a leuko-depleting versus standard filter in length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) (mean difference (MD) 0.80 days; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.24 to 1.84) or length of hospital stay (MD 0.20 days; 95% CI -1.78 to 2.18). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There are currently insufficient good quality trials with valve surgery patients to inform recommendations for changes in clinical practice. A future National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)-funded feasibility study (recruiting mid-year 2013) comparing leukodepletion with a standard arterial line filter in patients undergoing elective heart valve surgery (the ROLO trial) will be the largest study to date and will make a significant contribution to future updates of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Spencer
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
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Pino CJ, Lou L, Smith PL, Ding F, Pagani FD, Buffington DA, Humes HD. A selective cytopheretic inhibitory device for use during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Perfusion 2012; 27:311-9. [PMID: 22508804 DOI: 10.1177/0267659112444944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) can occur in association with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery, resulting in multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). Activated neutrophils have been implicated as major inciting factors in this process. Neutrophil-depleting filters incorporated within the extracorporeal blood circuit during CPB have been developed and evaluated, with inconsistent clinical results. METHODS A novel, biomimetic, selective cytopheretic device (SCD) was tested in vitro within a blood circuit to assess safety and interactions with blood components and further evaluated ex vivo in a bovine model of CPB surgery during ventricular assist device implantation. RESULTS In vitro blood circuit studies demonstrated that the SCD reduces circulating neutrophils while maintaining low rates of hemolysis compared to current leukocyte-reduction filters. In the bovine CPB model, animals without SCD treatment (No SCD) demonstrated an increase in circulating white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts, steadily increasing throughout CPB. SCD with only systemic heparin anticoagulation (SCD-H) acutely reduced neutrophils for the first 2 hrs of CPB, but followed with a greater than 6-fold increase in neutrophil counts. SCD treatment with regional citrate anticoagulation along the SCD circuit (SCD-C) reduced systemic neutrophil counts throughout 4 hrs of CPB despite lower amounts of eluted cells from the SCD. When analyzed for immature neutrophils, the control and SCD-H showed increasing counts at later time-points, not seen in the SCD-C group, suggesting a more complex mechanism of action than simple leukoreduction. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that SCD-C therapy may disrupt the systemic leukocyte response during CPB, leading to improved outcomes for CPB-mediated MOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Pino
- Innovative BioTherapies Inc., Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
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Rubino AS, Serraino GF, Mariscalco G, Marsico R, Sala A, Renzulli A. Leukocyte Depletion During Extracorporeal Circulation Allows Better Organ Protection but Does Not Change Hospital Outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 91:534-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Warren OJ, Wallace S, de Wit KL, Vincent C, Darzi AW, Athanasiou T. Variations in the Application of Various Perfusion Technologies in Great Britain and Ireland-A National Survey. Artif Organs 2010; 34:200-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tao K, An Q, Lin K, Lui RC, Wu X, Zhou J, Du L. Which is better to preserve pulmonary function: short-term or prolonged leukocyte depletion during cardiopulmonary bypass? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 138:1385-91. [PMID: 19833354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutrophils are crucial in the development of acute lung injuries during cardiopulmonary bypass. However, the efficacy of leukocyte depletion on pulmonary protection remains controversial, possibly owing to different filtration strategies used in the literature. In this study, we investigated whether short-term leukocyte depletion strategy is more efficacious than prolonged leukocyte depletion in preserving pulmonary function. METHODS Eighteen adult dogs were randomized equally into 3 groups. Leukocyte-depleting filters were used for 10 minutes in the LD-S group, throughout cardiopulmonary bypass in the LD-T group, and not used in the control group. Neutrophil counts, elastase, and interleukin-8 concentrations in plasma, myeloperoxidase and interleukin-8 concentrations in pulmonary tissue, and pulmonary vascular resistance and oxygen index were determined to evaluate the inflammatory response and damage to pulmonary function. RESULTS Although the neutrophil count and pulmonary parenchymal myeloperoxidase contents were significantly lower in both LD-S and LD-T groups than that in the control group, lower pulmonary parenchymal interleukin-8 level, lower pulmonary vascular resistance (113 +/- 33 dyne x s/cm(5)), higher oxygen index (366 +/- 82.3 mm Hg), and thinner alveolus wall thickness were seen only in the LD-S group, and the pulmonary parenchymal interleukin-8 levels were also lower in the LD-S group after cardiopulmonary bypass. The plasma elastase and interleukin-8 levels were significantly lower in the LD-S group, but they were significantly higher in the LD-T group compared with the control group after cardiopulmonary bypass. CONCLUSIONS Short-term rather than prolonged leukocyte depletion during cardiopulmonary bypass appears to be more efficacious in protecting pulmonary function via attenuation of the extracorporeal circulation-induced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Tao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Warren OJ, Watret AL, de Wit KL, Alexiou C, Vincent C, Darzi AW, Athanasiou T. The inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass: part 2--anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2008; 23:384-93. [PMID: 19054695 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Warren
- Department of BioSurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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