1
|
Global thrombosis test for assessing thrombotic status and efficacy of antithrombotic diet and other conditions. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO788. [PMID: 35251699 PMCID: PMC8890116 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the high mortality from myocardial infarction and stroke, there is a great demand for finding novel methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of these diseases. Most of the current tests measure important determinants of thrombosis such as platelet function, coagulation and fibrinolysis in isolation; therefore, a global test measuring the actual thrombotic status would be more useful in clinical conditions. We obtained considerable experience by using the global thrombosis test, which determines the actual thrombotic status by taking into account the measured platelet reactivity, coagulation and fibrinolytic activities. In animal experiments, we found significant correlation between the ex vivo global thrombosis test measurements and the in vivo thrombotic status. The published evidence for the benefit of an antithrombotic diet with regular physical exercise is also described. There is a great concern in the general population how to detect the risk of thrombotic events and prevent the high mortality from stroke, myocardial infarction, sudden death and cancer-associated thrombosis. Our experience on antithrombotic fruits and vegetables intake and regular exercise assessed by the global thrombosis test suggested a potentially unique way of preventing these life-threatening diseases. In addition, global thrombosis testing may offer some benefit in detecting risk of thrombotic of forthcoming thrombotic events in cancer and COVID-19 virus-infected patients.
Collapse
|
2
|
Herath TD, Paturi G, Butts CA, Sansom CE, Morgenstern MP. In vitro
and
in vivo
effects of carrot on human blood platelet aggregation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanuja D. Herath
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Private Bag 11600 Palmerston North4442New Zealand
| | - Gunaranjan Paturi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Private Bag 92169 Auckland1142New Zealand
| | - Christine A. Butts
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Private Bag 11600 Palmerston North4442New Zealand
| | - Catherine E. Sansom
- Department of Chemistry The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited University of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedin9054New Zealand
| | - Marco P. Morgenstern
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Private Bag 4704 Christchurch8140New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iwasaki M, Murakami M, Ijiri Y, Shimizu M, Yamamoto J. Are all wines made from various grape varieties beneficial in the prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke? Future Sci OA 2020; 7:FSO649. [PMID: 33437515 PMCID: PMC7787155 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Epidemiologic studies support the assumption (French paradox hypothesis) that drinking red wine is beneficial in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Our recent works however cast doubt on such claim. Earlier we have shown that the antithrombotic activity of various fruits and vegetables mainly depends on their varieties. For this reason, several varieties of red and white grapes were tested for antithrombotic effect in animal experiments. Results: Antithrombotic effect of 45 red and white grape varieties were assessed in the present study. Out of the 45, one red grape variety showed antithrombotic effect, while the majority of red and white grape varieties enhanced thrombosis. Conclusion: Most red and white grape varieties enhanced thrombotic activity of blood. Red wine is widely believed to prevent heart attack and stroke as claimed by a French Paradox hypothesis. Antithrombotic effect of 45 grape varieties was measured in the present study. Only very few red and white varieties inhibited the experimentally induced thrombosis while the majority of the tested varieties enhanced thrombotic activity of blood. Thus, our findings challenge the prevailing claims of the French Paradox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Iwasaki
- Division of Nutrition & Metabolism, Original Nutrition Co., Ltd, Osaka 532-0002, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinobu Ijiri
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women's University, Osaka 577-8550, Japan
| | - Muneshige Shimizu
- Department of Fisheries, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
A point-of-care global thrombosis test measuring occlusion time and endogenous lysis time may indicate thrombotic status. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO402. [PMID: 31285845 PMCID: PMC6609900 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
5
|
Olas B. Anti-Aggregatory Potential of Selected Vegetables-Promising Dietary Components for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:280-290. [PMID: 30759176 PMCID: PMC6416036 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased blood platelet activation, especially platelet aggregation, plays an important function in cardiovascular disease; however, various dietary components may inhibit platelet activation. Recent clinical and epidemiologic studies indicate that both fruits and vegetables, and their products, contain various phytoprotective substances possessing biological properties such as antiplatelet and antioxidant effects that may work synergistically to ameliorate the effect of cardiovascular disease. In addition, the consumption of vegetables and their products may also play an important role in prevention. However, the mechanisms involved have not been clearly defined. Various studies clearly indicate that certain vegetables (e.g., onions, garlic, and tomatoes) have beneficial effects on blood platelet hyperactivity, an important cardiovascular risk factor, and hence may offer new prophylactic and therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of blood platelet hyperactivation and cardiovascular disease. This mini-review evaluates the current literature on the relationship between the consumption of onion (Allium cepa L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), and blood platelet activation, which may have important implications for the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Memariani Z, Moeini R, Hamedi SS, Gorji N, Mozaffarpur SA. Medicinal plants with antithrombotic property in Persian medicine: a mechanistic review. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2018; 45:158-179. [PMID: 29124622 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-017-1580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in a wide range of vessels diseases. Due to the high prevalence of thromboembolic disorders investigations are being carried out on new antithrombotic agents with limited adverse side effects in which herbal medicines are considered as alternative remedies. Persian medicine (PM) as a traditional medicine has a good potential for pharmacotherapy based on its own principles and development of drugs via investigating PM literature. In PM manuscripts there are some concepts that express the management of blood clots and antithrombotic properties. This study reviewed the pharmacological effects of medicinal plants mentioned in PM literature for blood clot management in light of current knowledge. Plants mentioned in PM for management of blood clot belong to 12 families in which Apiaceae, Lamiaceae and Compositae were the most repeated ones. Among the proposed plants Allium sativum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Boswellia serrata, Sesamum indicum, Matricaria chamomilla and Carthamus tinctorius have been the most researched plants in modern antithrombotic studies while for some plants such as Helichrysum stoechas, Dracocephalum kotschi, Carum carvi, Bunium persicum and Lagoecia cuminoides no evidence could be found. One of the interesting notes in clot management in PM texts was introducing the target organ for some of the recommended herbs like Carum carvi and Bunium persicum for dissolving blood clot in stomach and Commiphora mukul for thrombosed hemorrhoid. It seems review of PM recommendations can help to design future researches for antithrombotic drugs discovering with more effectiveness and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.,School of Traditional Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reihaneh Moeini
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.,School of Traditional Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Shokooh Sadat Hamedi
- School of Traditional Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Narjes Gorji
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran. .,School of Traditional Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.,School of Traditional Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prevention of thrombotic disorders by antithrombotic diet and exercise: evidence by using global thrombosis tests. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO285. [PMID: 29682320 PMCID: PMC5905641 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of thrombotic disorders has priority over treatment. There are only two pathologically relevant tests which are suitable for measuring the overall thrombotic status both in experimental conditions and in humans. The Global Thrombosis Test (GTT) and the Global Parallel-Plate Thrombosis Test can detect the pathologically relevant global thrombotic status. These tests have been successfully used for monitoring the effect of antithrombotic drugs and for developing novel antithrombotic agents. By using GTT, varieties of fruits, vegetables, and regular physical exercise have been tested for the effect on global thrombotic status. This review discusses the published evidence for the benefit of diet of selected fruit and vegetable varieties and doing regular physical exercise on improving thrombotic status. Future clinical trials monitored by GTT or Global Parallel-Plate Thrombosis Test could decide on the effectiveness of an experimentally proven antithrombotic diet with regular physical exercise in the prevention of thrombotic diseases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang GY, Meng X, Li Y, Zhao CN, Liu Q, Li HB. Effects of Vegetables on Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Mechanisms. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080857. [PMID: 28796173 PMCID: PMC5579650 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that vegetable consumption is inversely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, research has indicated that many vegetables like potatoes, soybeans, sesame, tomatoes, dioscorea, onions, celery, broccoli, lettuce and asparagus showed great potential in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, and vitamins, essential elements, dietary fibers, botanic proteins and phytochemicals were bioactive components. The cardioprotective effects of vegetables might involve antioxidation; anti-inflammation; anti-platelet; regulating blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile; attenuating myocardial damage; and modulating relevant enzyme activities, gene expression, and signaling pathways as well as some other biomarkers associated to cardiovascular diseases. In addition, several vegetables and their bioactive components have been proven to protect against cardiovascular diseases in clinical trials. In this review, we analyze and summarize the effects of vegetables on cardiovascular diseases based on epidemiological studies, experimental research, and clinical trials, which are significant to the application of vegetables in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yamamoto J, Ijiri Y, Tamura Y, Iwasaki M, Murakami M, Okada Y. Reevaluation of antithrombotic fruits and vegetables: great variation between varieties. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 10:129-40. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshinobu Ijiri
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women’s University
| | | | - Masahiro Iwasaki
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Original Nutrition Co., Ltd
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yamamoto J, Tamura Y, Ijiri Y, Iwasaki M, Murakami M, Matsuo O. Evaluation of antithrombotic effect: Importance of testing components and methodologies. Drug Discov Ther 2015; 9:258-66. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2015.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukinori Tamura
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University
| | - Yoshinobu Ijiri
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women’s University
| | - Masahiro Iwasaki
- Division of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kansai Electric Power Hospital
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
ITO K. Anticoagulating Effects of Water-Extractive Components from Heshiko and Narezushi, Japanese Fermented Aquatic Products. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 61:84-9. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji ITO
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ooe H, Kato M, Hyodo K, Nakashima K, Ashigai H, Kato K, Sasaki T, Fukushima Y, Giddings JC, Yamamoto J. Antithrombotic Effects of Different Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.618280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Ijiri Y, Ikarugi H, Tamura Y, Ura M, Morishita M, Hamada A, Mori M, Mori H, Yamori Y, Ishii H, Yamamoto J. Antithrombotic effect of taurine in healthy Japanese people may be related to an increased endogenous thrombolytic activity. Thromb Res 2013; 131:158-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
14
|
Yamamoto J, Ohno H, Hyodo K, Onishi M, Giddings JC. The antithrombotic activity of mini-type tomatoes is dependent on the particular variety and the stage of harvest. Lycopene content does not contribute to antithrombotic activity. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.54090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
15
|
Morishita M, Naemura A, Tamura Y, Yamaya H, Tsuda Y, Okada Y, Okada K, Matsuo O, Yamamoto J. Mechanism of the experimental antithrombotic effect of some apple varieties involves enhanced endogenous thrombolytic activity. Interv Med Appl Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/imas.4.2012.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Prevention of arterial thrombotic diseases has high priority in developed countries. As inappropriate diet is known to enhance the risk for acute thrombotic events, a regular diet with experimentally proven antithrombotic effect might be a beneficial way of prevention. The present study is part of a series of investigations testing fruits and vegetables for antithrombotic activity. The Global Thrombosis Test was used to screen sixteen different apple varieties for antiplatelet and thrombolytic activities. The in vitro effective varieties were further investigated using the laser-induced thrombosis model in mice. In order to investigate the mechanism, hemostatometry and flow-mediated vasodilation test (FMV) were performed. Apple varieties were grouped into subclasses according to their antithrombotic activity. AP-2, AP-13, AP-14 and AP-15 showed significant antithrombotic effect both in vitro and in vivo. AP-8 was antithrombotic in vitro but could not determine in vivo because of the shortage of the sample. The antithrombotic effect was mainly due to activation of endogenous thrombolytic mechanism. The mechanism of such enhanced thrombolysis was investigated using a synthetic inhibitor highly specific to plasmin, polyclonal IgG to t-PA and u-PA, and testing the antithrombotic effect in t-PA knockout mice. Antithrombotic activity was prevented by the synthetic plasmin inhibitor and IgG against t-PA but not against u-PA. There was no antithrombotic activity in t-PA knockout mice. Intake of antithrombotic apple filtrate did not affect FMV and platelet reactivity. The antithrombotic effect was heat stable at 100 °C for 10 min. These results suggest that the mechanism of antithrombotic activity involves an increased t-PA release from the vascular endothelium and an inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) release from activated platelets. The present findings justify including antithrombotic apple varieties in an antithrombotic diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Morishita
- 1 Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Aki Naemura
- 1 Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukinori Tamura
- 2 Departments of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamaya
- 3 Pomology Division of Apple Experiment Station, Aomori Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsuda
- 4 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshio Okada
- 4 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- 5 Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuo
- 5 Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yamamoto J, Masuda M, Hyodo K, Iwasaki M. Experimental antithrombotic effect of potatoes harvested in the autumn. Health (London) 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2012.42017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
Prevention of arterial thrombotic diseases has a high priority in developed countries. An inappropriate diet is known to enhance the risks for acute thrombotic events, and nutritional products experimentally shown to be antithrombotic, might contribute beneficial effects. The present study forms part of a series of investigations into the antithrombotic effect of various foods and vegetables. Roasted and crushed whole grains from six varieties of sesame seeds were added to the diet of mice. Antithrombotic activity was measured in the carotid artery in vivo, using a He-Ne laser-induced thrombosis technique after 12 weeks. Col/Chichibu/Maruteru-2/1995 and T016 varieties showed significant antithrombotic activity, whilst 00037803 was prothrombotic. The acute effects of purified ingredients, sesamin, sesamolin and sesamol, given orally or intra-arterially, were also examined after a single dose. The most effective ingredient was sesamol, followed by sesamolin and sesamin. Daily intake of specific antithrombotic sesame whole grains or purified active ingredients might help to prevent atherothrombotic diseases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Impaired spontaneous thrombolytic activity measured by global thrombosis test in males with metabolic syndrome. Thromb Res 2011; 129:499-501. [PMID: 21752433 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), activity of the fibrinolytic system is generally surmised to be decreased through increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) generation. However, there have been no detailed reports describing whether the clot lysis activity is more dominant than increased clot formation activity for production of the thrombotic state in MetS. METHODS The global thrombosis test (GTT) is a novel method designed to test both clot formation and clot lysis activities under physiological conditions by using non-anticoagulated blood samples in vitro. We used the GTT to examine the thrombotic or thrombolytic states in males with MetS. RESULTS Lysis time, which reflects spontaneous clot lysis activity, was significantly longer in MetS subjects (median, 1494s; range, 865-3596s; n=30) than in control subjects (median 1246s; range, 667-2239s; n=53). There was no significant difference between the two groups in occlusion time, which reflects platelet function. The mean level of PAI-1 was significantly higher in MetS subjects than in controls (mean ± SE, 8.7 ± 1.1 and 5.0 ± 0.5 ng/mL, respectively). PAI-1 level and lysis time were significantly correlated (r=0.400, P<0.01). CONCLUSION These results suggest that male patients with MetS are more likely than controls to experience a thrombotic state through decreased fibrinolytic activity due to increased PAI-1 generation, and that the GTT is useful for evaluating fibrinolytic activity in vitro.
Collapse
|