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Feng J, Wu Y. Interleukin-35 ameliorates cardiovascular disease by suppressing inflammatory responses and regulating immune homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108938. [PMID: 35759811 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune response is of great significance in the initiation and progression of a diversity of cardiovascular diseases involving pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), a cytokine of the interleukin-12 family, is a novel anti-inflammation and immunosuppressive cytokine, maintaining inflammatory suppression and regulating immune homeostasis. The role of IL-35 in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has aroused enthusiastic attention, a diversity of experimental or clinical evidence has indicated that IL-35 potentially has a pivot role in protecting against cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis and myocarditis. In this review, we initiate an overview of the relationship between Interleukin-35 and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, aortic dissection and myocarditis. Although the specific molecular mechanisms entailing the protective effects of IL-35 remain an unsolved issue, targeted therapies with IL-35 might provide a promising and effective solution to prevent and cure cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Serum levels and genetic variation of IL-35 are associated with multiple sclerosis: a population-based case-control study. Immunol Res 2021; 70:75-85. [PMID: 34708312 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between serum levels and polymorphic variants of IL-35 with susceptibility, clinical features, and disease severity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.This case-control study recruited 186 MS patients and 195 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Serum levels and polymorphic variants of IL-35 were determined by ELISA and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR or high resolution melting (HRM) analysis methods, respectively. In addition, by in silico analysis, we evaluated the location and function of the polymorphism.Serum levels of IL-35 were significantly lower in the patients than those of healthy controls (49.3 ± 3.7 vs. 69.5 ± 7.8, p = 0.009). EBI3 rs4740 polymorphism of IL-35 was associated with 2.2-fold increased risk of MS susceptibility (95% CI, 1.3-3.9, p = 0.005). However, there were no differences in the genotype distribution and allele frequencies of IL-35 rs568408 between the patients and controls (p > 0.05). In silico results showed that variation in IL-12A and EBI3 may affect on protein pathways of the cells and different components of the immune system such as NF-κB and INF-γ.The results show that IL-35 polymorphisms might be a genetic risk factor for the development of MS.
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Chen X, Wang X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Wang C. Role of IL-9, IL-2RA, and IL-2RB genetic polymorphisms in coronary heart disease. Herz 2021; 46:558-566. [PMID: 33651164 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-020-05004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Inflammatory cytokines play an essential role in the pathogenesis of CHD. This study aimed to detect the potential association between interleukin (IL)-9, IL-2RA, and IL-2RB variants and CHD in a Han Chinese population. METHODS This case-control study included 499 CHD patients and 496 healthy controls. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped to investigate the possible association between the polymorphisms and CHD risk. Interactions between SNPs and CHD risk were analyzed via multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR). RESULTS We observed an association between IL‑9 rs55692658 (OR = 1.72, p = 0.003) and increased CHD risk. Age-stratified analysis indicated that regardless of the participants' age, IL‑9 rs55692658 and IL-2RB rs1573673 contributed significantly to CHD susceptibility (p < 0.05, respectively). Results showed an association between IL‑9 rs55692658 and an increased risk for CHD (OR = 2.32, p = 0.003), while IL-2RA rs12722498 was correlated with decreased susceptibility to CHD (OR = 0.54, p = 0.033) in female patients. Furthermore, IL-2RA rs12569923 was related to diabetes risk in CHD patients (OR = 1.50, p = 0.028). The MDR analysis revealed a positive interaction between the SNPs. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that IL‑9 rs55692658, IL-2RA rs12569923, IL-2RA rs12722498, and IL-2RB rs3218264 polymorphisms might be related to CHD. The results require validation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Chen
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Xingfan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Zaozhang Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Yuewu Chen
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China.
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Li H, Liu YX, Huang JY, Zhu YF, Wang K. Analysis for interaction between interleukin-35 genes polymorphisms and risk factors on susceptibility to coronary heart disease in the Chinese Han population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:6. [PMID: 33407151 PMCID: PMC7789631 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between IL-35 genes polymorphism and susceptibility to coronary heart disease has not been tested in the largest Han population in China. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin-35 (IL-35) genes and its relationship with environment on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS We performed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test on the control group. The relationship between the four SNPs of IL-35 genes and the risk of coronary heart disease was studied by multivariate logistic regression. The best interaction was identified with generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR). Logistic regression was used for investigation on association between four SNPs and CHD risk. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that the C allele of rs428253 and the G allele of rs2243115 were independently correlated with increased risk of CHD, and adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.91 (1.28-2.64) and 1.80 (1.30-2.23), respectively. However, there was no significant association between CHD and rs4740 or rs568408. GMDR model indicated a best model for CHD risk consisted of rs428253 and current smoking, which scored 10/10 for both the sign test and cross-validation consistency (p = 0.010). Therefore, this overall multi-dimensional model had the highest cross-validation consistency, regardless of how the data were divided. This provided an evidence of gene-environment interaction effects. We also found that current smokers with rs428253-GC/CC genotype have the highest CHD risk, compared to never smokers with rs428253-GG genotype, OR (95% CI) = 3.04 (1.71-4.41), after adjustment for age, gender, hypertension, T2DM and alcohol consumption status. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the C allele of rs428253 and the G allele of rs2243115, and the interaction rs428253 and current smoking were correlated with increased risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Deputy Chief Physician, Director of Cardiovascular Department of the First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Haibin Avenue 10, Zhanjiang, 524005, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Xue Liu
- Out Patient Department of the First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Zhanjiang, 524005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular of the First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Zhanjiang, 524005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular of the First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Zhanjiang, 524005, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular of the First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Zhanjiang, 524005, People's Republic of China
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Xie Q, Xu WD, Pan M, Lan YY, Liu XY, Su LC, Huang AF. Association of IL-35 expression and gene polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107231. [PMID: 33307515 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35 is the newest member of the IL-12 family. It is expressed in many immune cells and has been recognized as a novel inflammatory cytokine that may have bifunctional properties. Recent findings have indicated that the expression of IL-35 is abnormal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, the results were inconsistent. In this study, 400 RA patients were recruited to evaluate serum levels of IL-35 in a Chinese Han population by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association of IL-35 gene polymorphisms and RA genetic susceptibility was investigated in 400 RA patients and 612 healthy controls. The results showed that serum levels of IL-35 were elevated in 100 RA patients compared to 51 healthy controls, relating to disease activity and synovial fluid IL-35 expression in the training cohort. Another independent 300 RA patients and 369 other rheumatic disease patients (98 lupus, 95 osteoarthritis, 95 gout, 42 Sjogren's syndrome and 39 ankylosing spondylitis patients) confirmed that serum levels of IL-35 were elevated in RA patients, and serum IL-35 has good diagnostic ability for differentiating RA from the other rheumatic diseases. The genotyping of 10 IL-35 polymorphisms, including rs2227314, rs2243115, rs2243123, rs2243131, rs568408, rs583911, rs428253, rs4740, rs9807813 and rs4905, revealed that rs2227314, rs2243131, rs9807813, and rs583911 were correlated with RA risk. Different genotypes (rs2227314, rs583911, and rs9807813) exhibited different expression of IL-35. These findings demonstrate that serum levels of IL-35 are increased in RA patients and that IL-35 polymorphisms are correlated with RA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Min Pan
- Jiangyang Zone for Disease Prevention and Control, 34 Jiangyang south road, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - You-Yu Lan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin-Chong Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Chen D, Liang M, Jin C, Sun Y, Xu D, Lin Y. Expression of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress markers in serum of patients with coronary heart disease and correlation with coronary artery calcium score. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2127-2133. [PMID: 32765687 PMCID: PMC7401708 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression characteristics of inflammatory factors interleukin-23 and interleukin-35; oxidative stress markers of malondialdehyde, which is a final product of lipid peroxidation; superoxide dismutase; microRNA-126 and microRNA-146a in serum of patients with coronary heart disease were investigated. Correlation between these biomarkers and CACS (calcification score), as well as the underlying clinical significance were evaluated. A total of 192 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease were recruited as the observation group, and 69 healthy adults who provided their blood samples were selected as the control group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was carried out to measure the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-23 and interleukin-35, and the levels of oxidative stress markers of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in serum of the patients and healthy subjects. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was performed to measure the expression levels of microRNA-126 and microRNA-146a in serum. The differences in expression of these biomarkers were analyzed, and correlation between these biomarkers and coronary artery calcium score were assessed. The differences in expression levels of interleukin-23, interleukin-35, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, microRNA-126 and microRNA-146a were statistically significant in both groups. The expression levels of interleukin-23, interleukin-35, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, microRNA-126 and microRNA-146a in the observation group were closely associated with severity of the disease. There were positive correlations between coronary artery calcium score and interleukin-23, interleukin-35, malondialdehyde, microRNA-126 and microRNA-146a, respectively; while a negative correlation existed between coronary artery calcium score and superoxide dismutase in the observation group. In conclusion, biomarkers interleukin-23, interleukin-35, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, microRNA-126 and microRNA-146a were abnormally expressed in serum of patients with coronary heart disease, implicating their association with onset and progression of the disease. The biomarkers were found to be correlated with coronary artery calcium score. Detection of changes of related biomarkers in serum may have certain value in diagnosis of disease formation, as well as assessment of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datong Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Liang
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Jin
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- CT Room, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Dongbin Xu
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Yueming Lin
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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Shi Y, Zhang S, Xue Y, Yang Z, Lin Y, Liu L, Liu H. IL-35 polymorphisms and cognitive decline did not show any association in patients with coronary heart disease over a 2-year period: A retrospective observational study (STROBE compliant). Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21390. [PMID: 32756130 PMCID: PMC7402886 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior evidence suggested that inflammation and inflammatory cytokines polymorphisms might be essential in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cognitive decline. The following study investigated the associations between interleukin-35 (IL-35) polymorphisms and cognitive decline in CHD patients over a 2-year period.CHD patients were enrolled between January 2015 and January 2016. Cognitive function, including memory, orientation, verbal and attention were assessed using Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified (TICS-m) during a 2-year follow-up. Genotypes of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs2243115, rs568408, rs582054, rs583911, rs428253, rs4740 and rs393581 of IL-35 were examined by MassArray (Sequenom). The differences of TICS-m score between 2-year interval were used to estimate the cognitive decline; linear regression model was used to analyze the association between IL-35 polymorphisms and cognitive decline in CHD patients after a 2-year follow-up.The mean age of study individuals was 60.58 (±7.86) years old. There were 255 (68.5%) males and 117 (31.5%) female patients. The TICS-m scores, including overall cognition score, verbal attention and memory scores gradually decreased over a 2 year follow up period (P < .001, respectively), whereas there was no difference in orientation function score between the 1-year and 2-year follow-up (P = .448). Furthermore, after adjusting for age, sex, history of hypertension(HT) and Diabetes mellitus(DM), smoking, education, Therapy regimen (PCI, CABG, medication) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and the severity of coronary artery stenosis (Gensini score), no association was found between IL-35 rs2243115, rs568408, rs582054, rs583911, rs428253, rs4740 genotypes and cognitive decline in CHD patients over a 2-year period.Our data reveled that IL-35 polymorphisms was not associated with cognitive decline in CHD patients over a 2-year period. Yet, further studies are needed to confirm the role of cytokine gene polymorphisms in cognitive decline among CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- From the Department of Cardiology
| | | | - Yan Xue
- From the Department of Cardiology
| | | | | | - Ling Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology
| | - Hairun Liu
- From Center for Cognitive and Sleep, The people's hospital of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Genetic polymorphism in association with susceptibility to tuberculosis: a study in a Pakistani population. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:429-434. [PMID: 30805894 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is becoming a global issue with raising occurrences; particularly in developing countries, the situation is alarming. Besides environmental factors, host genetic factors are vital in disease development. A demographical and genotypic analysis in relation to tuberculosis commencement is conducted in a Pakistani population, and genotypic frequency of EBI3 (rs4740) was analyzed. Allelic frequencies of EBI3 (rs4740) were significantly associated with disease susceptibility in the reviewed population. Analysis for EBI3 (rs4740) genotyping showed a significant association of "GG" with reduced risk for disease. Moreover, females and older age found to be more perilous to develop TB while smoking and a family history of TB are additional risk factors for disease development. Further work with a larger population is necessary to identify the true causative variants of tuberculosis.
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