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Zhang D, Wang L, Wang Z, Shi X, Tang W, Jiang L, Bo Ran Yi BYCH, Lv X, Hu C, Xiao D. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220551. [PMID: 36816800 PMCID: PMC9922062 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of combined thymosin α1 and vitamin C (Tα1 + VitC) on the immunological responses of septic rats. Five groups were designed. The septic model was established by the cecal ligation puncture (CLP) method. The sham group did not undergo CLP, the model group was given normal saline solution, the Tα1 group was given Tα1 (200 µg/kg), the VitC group was given VitC (200 mg/kg), and the Tα1 + VitC group was given Tα1 + VitC. Specimens for immunological analyses were collected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h posttreatment in each group except for the sham group (only at 48 h). CD4 + CD25 + T cells in the peripheral blood and dendritic cell (DC) proportions in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-ß1), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were measured by ELISA. CD4 + CD25 + T cells and OX62 + DCs levels significantly increased in the model group and decreased in the Tα1 and/or VitC treatment groups. Similarly, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-ß1, and NF-κB significantly increased in the model group and decreased in the Tα1, VitC, and Tα1 + VitC groups, indicating that combined Tα1 and VitC therapy may help regulate the immunological state of patients with sepsis, thereby improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daquan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ba Yin Cha Han Bo Ran Yi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinwei Lv
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Congyu Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
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Kaur S, Sharma N, Roy A. Role of cannabinoids in various diseases: A review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1346-1358. [PMID: 34951355 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666211223164656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant, Cannabis sativa is heavily explored and researched with many industrial and pharmaceutical applications. The medicinal and therapeutic role of cannabis Sativa has been summarized in the paper, citing its mechanism of action and influence on the human body. Diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders pose negative and long-term drastic effects on the body like neurodegeneration and other chronic system failures. Several existing literature has proved its effectiveness against such diseases. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide an overview of the role of cannabinoids in various diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders. METHOD Various e-resources like Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched and read to form a well-informed and information-heavy manuscript. Here we tried to summaries the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa and its bioactive compound cannabinoids in various diseases. RESULT This review highlights the various constituents which are present in Cannabis sativa, the Endocannabinoid system, and the role of cannabinoids in various diseases Conclusion: Recent research on Cannabis has suggested its role in neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, sleep disorders, pediatric diseases, and their analgesic nature. Therefore, the authors majorly focus on the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa in various diseases. The focus is also on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its role in fighting or preventing bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University. India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi. India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida. India
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Tumielewicz KL, Hudak D, Kim J, Hunley DW, Murphy LA. Review of oncological emergencies in small animal patients. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:271-296. [PMID: 30900396 PMCID: PMC6682806 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncological emergencies can occur at any time during the course of a malignancy and need to be recognized promptly to maximize successful outcomes. Emergencies are characterized as chemotherapy-induced, paraneoplastic syndromes, or directly related to the neoplasm. Prompt identification with treatment of these emergencies can prolong survival and improve quality of life, even in the setting of terminal illness. This review aims to educate the reader on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of some of these emergencies, and to review the current veterinary literature to help educate veterinarians in primary and tertiary facilities to know how to diagnose and treat these serious conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Hudak
- Cornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNew JerseyUSA
| | | | | | - Lisa A. Murphy
- Veterinary Specialty Center of DelawareNewcastleDelawareUSA
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Ağaç D, Estrada LD, Maples R, Hooper LV, Farrar JD. The β2-adrenergic receptor controls inflammation by driving rapid IL-10 secretion. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:176-185. [PMID: 30195028 PMCID: PMC6289674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian nervous system communicates important information about the environment to the immune system, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Secondary lymphoid organs are highly innervated by sympathetic neurons that secrete norepinephrine (NE) as the primary neurotransmitter. Immune cells express adrenergic receptors, enabling the sympathetic nervous system to directly control immune function. NE is a potent immunosuppressive factor and markedly inhibits TNF-α secretion from innate cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we demonstrate that NE blocks the secretion of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines by rapidly inducing IL-10 secretion from innate cells in response to multiple Toll-like receptor (TLR) signals. NE mediated these effects exclusively through the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). Consequently, Adrb2-/- animals were more susceptible to L. monocytogenes infection and to intestinal inflammation in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of colitis. Further, Adrb2-/- animals rapidly succumbed to endotoxemia in response to a sub-lethal LPS challenge and exhibited elevated serum levels of TNF-α and reduced IL-10. LPS-mediated lethality in WT animals was rescued by administering a β 2-specific agonist and in Adrb2-/- animals by exogenous IL-10. These findings reveal a critical role for ADRB2 signaling in controlling inflammation through the rapid induction of IL-10. Our findings provide a fundamental insight into how the sympathetic nervous system controls a critical facet of immune function through ADRB2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ağaç
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Robert Maples
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Lora V. Hooper
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - J. David Farrar
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Serum anion gap predicts lactate poorly, but may be used to identify sepsis patients at risk for death: A cohort study. J Crit Care 2018; 44:223-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Long B, Koyfman A, Vivirito MA. Capnography in the Emergency Department: A Review of Uses, Waveforms, and Limitations. J Emerg Med 2017; 53:829-842. [PMID: 28993038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capnography has many uses in the emergency department (ED) and critical care setting, most commonly cardiac arrest and procedural sedation. OBJECTIVE OF THE REVIEW This review evaluates several indications concerning capnography beyond cardiac arrest and procedural sedation in the ED, as well as limitations and specific waveforms. DISCUSSION Capnography includes the noninvasive measurement of CO2, providing information on ventilation, perfusion, and metabolism in intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. Since the 1990s, capnography has been utilized extensively for cardiac arrest and procedural sedation. Qualitative capnography includes a colorimetric device, changing color on the amount of CO2 present. Quantitative capnography provides a numeric value (end-tidal CO2), and capnography most commonly includes a waveform as a function of time. Conditions in which capnography is informative include cardiac arrest, procedural sedation, mechanically ventilated patients, and patients with metabolic acidemia. Patients with seizure, trauma, and respiratory conditions, such as pulmonary embolism and obstructive airway disease, can benefit from capnography, but further study is needed. Limitations include use of capnography in conditions with mixed pathophysiology, patients with low tidal volumes, and equipment malfunction. Capnography should be used in conjunction with clinical assessment. CONCLUSIONS Capnography demonstrates benefit in cardiac arrest, procedural sedation, mechanically ventilated patients, and patients with metabolic acidemia. Further study is required in patients with seizure, trauma, and respiratory conditions. It should only be used in conjunction with other patient factors and clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Long
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Alex Koyfman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael A Vivirito
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson Medical Center, Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska
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Simon E, Long B, Koyfman A. Clinical Mimics: An Emergency Medicine-Focused Review of Influenza Mimics. J Emerg Med 2017; 53:49-65. [PMID: 28215397 PMCID: PMC7135326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza viruses are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Given the wide range of symptoms, emergency physicians must maintain a broad differential diagnosis in the evaluation and treatment of patients presenting with influenza-like illnesses. OBJECTIVE This review addresses objective and subjective symptoms commonly associated with influenza and discusses important mimics of influenza viruses, while offering a practical approach to their clinical evaluation and treatment. DISCUSSION Influenza-like symptoms are common in the emergency department (ED), and influenza accounts for > 200,000 hospitalizations annually. The three predominant types are A, B, and C, and these viruses are commonly transmitted through aerosolized viral particles with a wide range of symptoms. The most reliable means of identifying influenza in the ED is rapid antigen detection, although consideration of local prevalence is required. High-risk populations include children younger than 4 years, adults older than 50 years, adults with immunosuppression or chronic comorbidities, pregnancy, obesity, residents of long-term care facilities, and several others. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors in these populations. However, up to 70% of patients with these symptoms may have a mimic. These mimics include infectious and noninfectious sources. The emergency physician must be aware of life-threatening mimics and assess for these conditions while beginning resuscitation and treatment. CONCLUSIONS The wide range of symptoms associated with influenza overlap with several life-threatening conditions. Emergency physicians must be able to rapidly identify patients at risk for complications and those who require immediate resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Simon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Brit Long
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Alex Koyfman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Abstract
Sepsis is a common condition managed in the emergency department. Current diagnosis relies on physiologic criteria and suspicion of a source of infection using history, physical examination, laboratory studies, and imaging studies. The infection triggers a host response with the aim to destroy the pathogen, and this response can be measured. A reliable biomarker for sepsis should assist with earlier diagnosis, improve risk stratification, or improve clinical decision making. Current biomarkers for sepsis include lactate, troponin, and procalcitonin. This article discusses the use of lactate, procalcitonin, troponin, and novel biomarkers for use in sepsis.
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Long B, Koyfman A. Clinical Mimics: An Emergency Medicine–Focused Review of Sepsis Mimics. J Emerg Med 2017; 52:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Long B, Koyfman A, Modisett KL, Woods CJ. Practical Considerations in Sepsis Resuscitation. J Emerg Med 2016; 52:472-483. [PMID: 27823892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a common condition managed in the emergency department, and the majority of patients respond to resuscitation measures, including antibiotics and i.v. fluids. However, a proportion of patients will fail to respond to standard treatment. OBJECTIVE This review elucidates practical considerations for management of sepsis in patients who fail to respond to standard treatment. DISCUSSION Early goal-directed therapy revolutionized sepsis management. However, there is a paucity of literature that provides a well-defined treatment algorithm for patients who fail to improve with therapy. Refractory shock can be defined as continued patient hemodynamic instability (mean arterial pressure, ≤ 65 mm Hg, lactate ≥ 4 mmol/L, altered mental status) after adequate fluid loading (at least 30 mL/kg i.v.), the use of two vasopressors (with one as norepinephrine), and provision of antibiotics. When a lack of improvement is evident in the early stages of resuscitation, systematically considering source control, appropriate volume resuscitation, adequate antimicrobial coverage, vasopressor selection, presence of metabolic pathology, and complications of resuscitation, such as abdominal compartment syndrome and respiratory failure, allow emergency physicians to address the entire clinical scenario. CONCLUSIONS The care of sepsis has experienced many changes in recent years. Care of the patient with sepsis who is not responding appropriately to initial resuscitation is troublesome for emergency physicians. This review provides practical considerations for resuscitation of the patient with septic shock. When a septic patient is refractory to standard therapy, systematically evaluating the patient and clinical course may lead to improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Long
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Alex Koyfman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Katharine L Modisett
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University/MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Christian J Woods
- Sections of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Critical Care, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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Srinivasan B, Sloane J, Walsh S. Loss of orofacial tissue secondary to septic shock caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 54:1033-1035. [PMID: 27006285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpura fulminans is a rare complication of septic shock with a high mortality. It can result in a severe loss of skin, and often amputation of limbs. Managing the loss of tissue is a challenge that requires a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Srinivasan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, St Richards Hospital, Spitafield lane, Chichester, SO19 6SE.
| | - J Sloane
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, St Richards Hospital, Spitafield lane, Chichester, SO19 6SE
| | - S Walsh
- Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, St Richards Hospital, Spitafield lane, Chichester, SO19 6SE
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Clinical Effect of Shenfu Injection in Patients with Septic Shock: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26199638 PMCID: PMC4496657 DOI: 10.1155/2015/863149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. To conduct a meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of Shenfu injection for treating patients with septic shock when compared with conventional therapy. Methods. Eight databases including Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM were searched up to October 2014. Randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of Shenfu injection were identified. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, lactate, and mortality were included as outcome measurements.
Results. We analyzed data from 12 randomized controlled trials involving 904 participants. Compared with conventional therapy, Shenfu injection could further increase the mean arterial pressure at 1 hour (SMD 0.38; 95% CI, 0.01–0.74) and 6 hours (SMD 0.82; 95% CI, 0.03–1.61). Shenfu injection could further normalize heart rate at 6 hours (SMD −0.90; 95% CI, −1.47–0.33) and clear serum lactate at 6 hours (SMD −0.51; 95% CI, −0.70–0.32) and 24 hours (SMD, 0.52; 95% CI, −0.77–0.26). As the endpoint of mortality was not unified, it was not meta-analyzed. Conclusions. Based on the findings in present review, Shenfu injection is more effective than conventional therapy in increasing mean arterial pressure, normalizing heart rate, clearing serum lactate, and reducing mortality. These results should be confirmed in higher level clinical trials in the future.
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Yu X, Jia B, Wang F, Lv X, Peng X, Wang Y, Li H, Wang Y, Lu D, Wang H. α₁ adrenoceptor activation by norepinephrine inhibits LPS-induced cardiomyocyte TNF-α production via modulating ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:263-73. [PMID: 24304472 PMCID: PMC3930413 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production contributes to myocardial depression during sepsis. This study was designed to observe the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiomyocyte TNF-α expression and to further investigate the underlying mechanisms in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and endotoxaemic mice. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, NE inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α production in a dose-dependent manner. α₁- adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist (prazosin), but neither β₁- nor β₂-AR antagonist, abrogated the inhibitory effect of NE on LPS-stimulated TNF-α production. Furthermore, phenylephrine (PE), an α₁-AR agonist, also suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α production. NE inhibited p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation, but enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and c-Fos expression in LPS-treated cardiomyocytes, all of which were reversed by prazosin pre-treatment. To determine whether ERK1/2 regulates c-Fos expression, p38 phosphorylation, NF-κB activation and TNF-α production, cardiomyocytes were also treated with U0126, a selective ERK1/2 inhibitor. Treatment with U0126 reversed the effects of NE on c-Fos expression, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and TNF-α production, but not NF-κB activation in LPS-challenged cardiomyocytes. In addition, pre-treatment with SB202190, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, partly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α production in cardiomyocytes. In endotoxaemic mice, PE promoted myocardial ERK1/2 phosphorylation and c-Fos expression, inhibited p38 phosphorylation and IκBα degradation, reduced myocardial TNF-α production and prevented LPS-provoked cardiac dysfunction. Altogether, these findings indicate that activation of α₁-AR by NE suppresses LPS-induced cardiomyocyte TNF-α expression and improves cardiac dysfunction during endotoxaemia via promoting myocardial ERK phosphorylation and suppressing NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoyin Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Faqiang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuxiu Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuemei Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence to: Prof. Huadong WANG, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China., Tel.: 86-20-85220241, Fax: 86-20-85221343, E-mail:
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Bai J, Tang L, Lomas-Neira J, Chen Y, McLeish KR, Uriarte SM, Chung CS, Ayala A. TAT-SNAP-23 treatment inhibits the priming of neutrophil functions contributing to shock and/or sepsis-induced extra-pulmonary acute lung injury. Innate Immun 2014; 21:42-54. [PMID: 24391146 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913516524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory burst function of neutrophils is thought to play a pivotal role in the development of pathologies such as indirect (extra-pulmonary) acute lung injury (iALI), as well as sepsis. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of an HIV transactivator of transcription (TAT)-fusion protein containing a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor domain from synaptosome-associated protein-23 (SNAP-23) on the shock/sepsis- and sepsis-enhanced neutrophil burst capacity using the clinical relevant two-hit iALI mouse model and the classical cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) septic model. TAT-SNAP-23 significantly decreased the blood neutrophil respiratory burst in vitro, and also in vivo in CLP and hemorrhaged mice. We found that the neutrophil influx to the lung tissue, as measured by myeloperoxidase levels and neutrophil-specific esterase(+) cells, was also decreased in the TAT-SNAP-23-treated group. Consistent with this, treatment of TAT-SNAP-23 significantly reduced the disruption of lung tissue architecture and protein concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in iALI mice compared with vehicle-treated iALI mice. In addition, although TAT-SNAP-23 did not alter the extent of local cytokine/chemokine expression, the in vitro migration capacity of neutrophils was blunted from septic and hemorrhagic mice. These data support our hypothesis that TAT-SNAP-23 reduces neutrophil dysfunction in iALI and sepsis by inhibiting neutrophil respiratory burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Bai
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lunxian Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Joanne Lomas-Neira
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yaping Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kenneth R McLeish
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA Robley Rx VAMC, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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15
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Cannabinoid receptor 2 protects against acute experimental sepsis in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:741303. [PMID: 23781122 PMCID: PMC3679685 DOI: 10.1155/2013/741303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic inflammatory response syndrome can be self-limited or can progress to severe sepsis and septic shock. Despite significant advances in the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of septic shock, it is still one of the most frequent and serious problems confronting clinicians in the treatments. And the effects of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) on the sepsis still remain undefined. The present study was aimed to explore the role and mechanism of CB2R in acute sepsis model of mice. Here, we found that mice were more vulnerable for lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced death and inflammation after CB2R deletion (CB2R−/−). CB2R agonist, GW405833, could significantly extend the survival rate and decrease serum proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated mice. GW405833 dose-dependently inhibits proinflammatory cytokines release in splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages as well as splenocytes proliferation, and these effects were partly abolished in CB2R−/− splenocytes but completely abolished in CB2R−/− peritoneal macrophages. Further studies showed that GW405833 inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT3 and blocks IκBα degradation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in macrophages. All data together showed that CB2R provides a protection and is a potential therapeutic target for the sepsis.
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